Extensive tip-splitting of injected organic liquid into an aqueous viscoelastic fluid

The injection of a fluid into another fluid causes a spatiotemporal pattern along the injection front. Viscous fingering is a well-known example when the replaced material is a viscous fluid. Notably, most fluids are, in reality, viscoelastic, i.e., they behave as an elastic solid over short timescales. For this reason, it is important to study the situation when the replaced fluid is viscoelastic. In this study, we observed a dynamics of fluids when an incompressible organic liquid was injected into an oleophilic Hele–Shaw cell filled with an aqueous viscoelastic fluid made of a wormlike micellar solution. We found extensive tip splitting of the injection front, which led to thin fingers with a characteristic size comparable to four times the cell thickness. We examined the material properties and suggest that the thin fingering pattern observed in our system is due to the delamination of viscoelastic fluid from the bottom substrate surface. Our result shows that the effect of interfacial energy in the existing solid layer should be considered in the injection process

Effects of continuous supplementation of Acanthopanax senticosus Harms on the cardiac autonomic function of community-dwelling elderly individuals during resting and standing tests: a randomized controlled trial

BackgroundCardiac autonomic function (CAF) decreases with aging, and Acanthopanax senticosus Harms (ASH) consumption reportedly induces anti-stress effects. This study aimed to assess the effect of continuous supplementation of ASH on CAF during resting and standing tests in the elderly population.MethodsThis double-blind, randomized controlled trial was conducted in the morning in a laboratory setting and was carried out between June 2017 and July 2017 at Kambaikan, Doshisha University (Karasuma-higashi-iru, Imadegawa-dori, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8580, Japan). In total, 28 community-dwelling elderly individuals (mean ± standard deviation = 72.5 ± 4.5 years) were included. Each subject was instructed to consume ASH or placebo supplements twice daily for 4 weeks. An autonomic reflex orthostatic tolerance recorder was used to measure CAF in pre- and post-intervention phases. Parameters were measured in a seated position and included coefficient of variation of R-R intervals (CVRR), low frequency (LF), high frequency (HF), LF/HF ratio, blood pressure, and heart rate (HR). Changes in each parameter were evaluated before and after standing. All parameters were defined as the difference between the mean value obtained in a standing position for 2 min and that obtained in a 2-min seated position.ResultsA two-way analysis of variance revealed a significant group-time interaction effect on CVRR, HF, and ΔLF/HF ratio. Following the intervention, CVRR, HF, LF/HF ratio, systolic blood pressure (SBP), HR, ΔLF/HF ratio, ΔSBP, and ΔHR improved significantly in the ASH group only.ConclusionsFour-week supplementation of ASH improved CAF in community-dwelling elderly individuals during resting and standing tests.Clinical Trial Registrationhttps://center6.umin.ac.jp/cgi-open-bin/ctr/ctr_view.cgi?recptno=R000031218, UMIN Clinical Trials Registry (UMIN000027251)

Midterm results of left coronary artery reimplantation through the transverse sinus of the pericardium in adult Bland-White-Garland syndrome

The anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery - known as Bland-White-Garland syndrome - is a rare congenital malformation that affects 1 in 300,000 live births. Most patients die in infancy without any surgical treatment. Some patients who survive past childhood often have varying symptoms such as myocardial ischemia, impaired left ventricular function, mitral regurgitation, and progressive heart failure, depending on the development collateral circulation. In the present report, we describe a procedure wherein the left coronary artery ostium was translocated through the transverse sinus of the pericardium in a 43-year-old mother with Bland-White-Garland syndrome and concomitant mitral regurgitation and report on the associated midterm results

Soluções de alumen na desinfecção de explantes "in vitro" de crisantemo "white polaris" para cultivo

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Autoamplification of NFATc1 expression determines its essential role in bone homeostasis

NFATc1 and NFATc2 are functionally redundant in the immune system, but it was suggested that NFATc1 is required exclusively for differentiation of osteoclasts in the skeletal system. Here we provide genetic evidence that NFATc1 is essential for osteoclast differentiation in vivo by adoptive transfer of NFATc1−/− hematopoietic stem cells to osteoclast-deficient Fos−/− mice, and by Fos−/− blastocyst complementation, thus avoiding the embryonic lethality of NFATc1−/− mice. However, in vitro osteoclastogenesis in NFATc1-deficient cells was rescued by ectopic expression of NFATc2. The discrepancy between the in vivo essential role of NFATc1 and the in vitro effect of NFATc2 was attributed to selective autoregulation of the NFATc1 gene by NFAT through its promoter region. This suggested that an epigenetic mechanism contributes to the essential function of NFATc1 in cell lineage commitment. Thus, this study establishes that NFATc1 represents a potential therapeutic target for bone disease and reveals a mechanism that underlies the essential role of NFATc1 in bone homeostasis

Th17 functions as an osteoclastogenic helper T cell subset that links T cell activation and bone destruction

In autoimmune arthritis, traditionally classified as a T helper (Th) type 1 disease, the activation of T cells results in bone destruction mediated by osteoclasts, but how T cells enhance osteoclastogenesis despite the anti-osteoclastogenic effect of interferon (IFN)-γ remains to be elucidated. Here, we examine the effect of various Th cell subsets on osteoclastogenesis and identify Th17, a specialized inflammatory subset, as an osteoclastogenic Th cell subset that links T cell activation and bone resorption. The interleukin (IL)-23–IL-17 axis, rather than the IL-12–IFN-γ axis, is critical not only for the onset phase, but also for the bone destruction phase of autoimmune arthritis. Thus, Th17 is a powerful therapeutic target for the bone destruction associated with T cell activation

Vegetacija in ekologija barij v Sloveniji

We confirmed infection of 2 patients with Borrelia miyamotoi in Japan by retrospective surveillance of Lyme disease patients and detection of B. miyamotoi DNA in serum samples. One patient also showed seroconversion for antibody against recombinant glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase of B. miyamotoi. Indigenous relapsing fever should be considered a health concern in Japan

Downregulation of the Wnt antagonist Dkk2 links the loss of Sept4 and myofibroblastic transformation of hepatic stellate cells.

Sept4, a subunit of the septin cytoskeleton specifically expressed in quiescent hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), is downregulated through transdifferentiation to fibrogenic and contractile myofibroblastic cells. Since Sept4(-/-)mice are prone to liver fibrosis, we aimed to identify the unknown molecular network underlying liver fibrosis by probing the association between loss of Sept4 and accelerated transdifferentiation of HSCs

クリカエシ カイフンシキセイシュ ジョウゾウ 二 オケル コウボキンタイナイ エス アデノシルメチオニン

一段仕込みの醪及び固液共存培地の両方を用い,酵母の増殖プロセスと発酵プロセスを区別してSAM動向を検討した。酵母を過剰接種して増殖を廃すると,低温下における酵母菌体内SAM高蓄積などの含硫物の特徴的な動向の差は縮小傾向となった。これにより低温下での酵母菌体内へのSAMの高蓄積には,低温で増殖することの影響が大きいことが明らかとなった。また,酵母の過剰添加は醪の発酵にも大きく影響し,特に醪初期のボーメの低下とアルコール生成が早期化し,結果的に発酵期間は数日短縮された。 また,この醪から酵母菌体を遠心分離により回収し,次醸造へ再利用する回分醸造を試みた。回分醸造でも増殖プロセスを廃して順次スケールダウンして進めると,3回目または4回目以降では発酵に支障はないものの,アミノ酸度と製成酒中のSアデノシルメチオニン(SAM)の増加が顕著であり,酒質も明らかに異なり,味のくどさや苦味が感じられた。その一方,回収菌体を繰り返し利用しても,酵母菌体内にSAMが高蓄積され続けることはなく,1回目の醸造以降に極端な増加が認められることはなかった。 さらに,固液共存培地を用いて比較したところ,糖などは徐々に供給され並行複発酵しているが,醪初期のように米粒溶解に起因する固形物の減少や流動性の向上などの変化がないためか,発酵経過とSAM蓄積は回分醪ほどの差にはならなかった。このことから,醪初期の溶解に伴う流動性の向上及びボーメ低下がもたらす影響が重要であることが明らかとなった。The growth of yeast cells and the fermentation process were studied for the concentration of SAM in sake mash using sake mash and a model media, where the inoculum size was increased to suppress the growth. The result showed that the intracellular SAM concentration was highly accumulated at low tem-perature in sake mash and the model medium. Harvested yeast cells were collected by centrifuging of the mash and reused for the next mashing repeatedly. The fermentation was repeated safely for 3 or 4 times. The concentrations of amino acids and SAM in produced sake increased, and the results of sensory tests of the produced sake showed that the quality of produced sake was more thick and bitter according to the number of times the yeast cells were reused. On the other hand, intracellular SAM did not accumulate highly when the yeast cells were reused. The concentration of alcohol and SAM was compared during the repeated fermentation using the model medium. As a result, the difference of intracellular SAM in the model medium was smaller than that in sake mash. It was suggested that this result was caused by the existence of solid materials and the dissolution particularly in the early mashing period. This model medium was considered to be eective for the analysis of parallel fermentation in the early sake mashing process