The phage-host interaction as a model for studying carbon regulation in aquatic system

This document contains the presentation by Swapnil G Sanmukh et al, National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Nagpur on “The phage-host interaction as a model for studying carbon regulation in aquatic system” during Second National Research Conference on Climate Change, organized by the Centre for Science and Environment, IIT Delhi and IIT Madras on November 5-6, 2011 at New Delhi

Allergic Reaction to Aminophylline in a Case of Lower Respiratory Tract Infection with Measles: A Rare Case Report

Measles is an acute respiratory infectious disease caused by the measles virus. It leads to respiratory involvement with manifestations such as pneumonia, laryngobronchitis, pneumonitis, etc. It can also cause secondary bacterial and fungal infections. Aminophylline is a methylxanthine bronchodilator composed of theophylline and ethylenediamine. Airway blockage is reversed by bronchial smooth muscle relaxation, increased myosin light chain kinase activity, and decreased intracellular calcium concentration. It relaxes the smooth muscle of the bronchial airways and pulmonary blood vessels, reducing airway responsiveness to histamine, methacholine, adenosine, and allergens. Allergic skin reactions secondary to aminophylline administration have been rarely seen. Aminophylline can be given orally as well as intravenously. A seven-month-old male infant presented with a lower respiratory tract infection and a maculopapular rash involving the face and trunk. A history of contact with measles was present. Intravenous aminophylline was administered for persistent wheezing. The infant developed a generalised erythematous papular rash with a more widespread distribution than before within one hour of administration. The child was treated with antihistamines for the same. After a detailed physical examination, looking at the pattern of the rash and excluding other causes like environmental factors and drug history, the diagnosis of an allergic reaction to aminophylline was made. Early identification of allergic reactions is paramount, as prompt cessation of the offending agent and initiation of appropriate medical interventions can significantly mitigate the severity of the reaction and prevent potential life-threatening complications

Ultrasound assisted adsorption of basic dye onto organically modified bentonite (nanoclay)

162-167Sonochemical adsorption of basic methylene blue dye (CI 52015) into organophilic bentonite (nanoclay) is explored. Tetrabutyl ammonium chloride (TBAC) modified nanoclay has showed amorphous exfoliated nature, while N-cetyl-N,N,N trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) modified nanoclay has revealed intercalating crystalline nature, as supported by X-ray analysis. Presence of NH₂, CH₂ groups onto nanoclay platelet is confirmed from FTIR spectrum analysis. In presence of ultrasound, due to decrease in diffusion resistance, both modified nanoclays exhibit higher adsorption due to an easy insertion of dye into clay platelets. Calculated Langmuir adsorption isotherm, Q₀ and Langmuir constant ‘b’ for TBAC modified nanoclay, respectively were 0.34 mg/mg 0.246. Intercalating agent has a significant contribution during overall process