46 research outputs found

    Magnetic resonance imaging of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in the common marmoset.

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    Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an invaluable tool for the diagnosis and monitoring of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) as well as for the study of the disease pathophysiology. Because of its strong clinical, radiological and histopathological similarities with the human disease, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in the common marmoset has been studied more intensively over the past several years. Here, we review the current knowledge on MRI in the marmoset EAE, and we outline the physiopathological significance and translational values of these studies with respect to MS. Accumulating evidences suggest that the application of conventional, as well as non-conventional, MRI techniques in the marmoset EAE is a promising approach to elucidate the pathological processes underlying the development of inflammatory demyelinated lesions in the central nervous system, potentially improving the identification and development of new therapeutics

    In vivo MRI is sensitive to remyelination in a nonhuman primate model of multiple sclerosis

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    Remyelination is crucial to recover from inflammatory demyelination in multiple sclerosis (MS). Investigating remyelination in vivo using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is difficult in MS, where collecting serial short-interval scans is challenging. Using experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in common marmosets, a model of MS that recapitulates focal cerebral inflammatory demyelinating lesions, we investigated whether MRI is sensitive to, and can characterize, remyelination. In six animals followed with multisequence 7 T MRI, 31 focal lesions, predicted to be demyelinated or remyelinated based on signal intensity on proton density-weighted images, were subsequently assessed with histopathology. Remyelination occurred in four of six marmosets and 45% of lesions. Radiological-pathological comparison showed that MRI had high statistical sensitivity (100%) and specificity (90%) for detecting remyelination. This study demonstrates the prevalence of spontaneous remyelination in marmoset EAE and the ability of in vivo MRI to detect it, with implications for preclinical testing of pro-remyelinating agents

    Propriétés magnétiques et de résonance du Zn1-xCoxO : un matériau candidat pour l électronique de spin

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    Pour permettre de nouveaux développements de la Spintronique, il est nécessaire aujourd hui d'élaborer un semiconducteur ferromagnétique à la température ambiante. L'oxyde de Zinc dopé par le Cobalt est à l'heure actuelle un candidat très prometteur, mais ses propriétés magnétiques restent toujours très discutées. Dans ce mémoire de thèse, nous présentons une étude de films minces de ZnO:Co (épitaxiés par jets moléculaires) se basant sur la Résonance Paramagnétique Electronique et la magnétométrie à SQUID. Cette étude, réalisée au sein du laboratoire L2MP et en collaboration avec le laboratoire CRHEA, a permis d'apporter de nouvelles informations sur les propriétés magnétiques et de résonance intrinsèques du ZnO:Co. Une anisotropie magnétique de type plan facile et des interactions d'échange antiferromagnétiques entre les ions Co2+ premiers voisins dans ZnO ont notamment été identifiées. De plus, le mécanisme à l origine de l élargissement des raies RPE du ZnO :Co a pu être déterminé.AIX-MARSEILLE3-BU Sc.St Jérô (130552102) / SudocSudocFranceF

    Magnetic resonance imaging in multiple sclerosis animal models: A systematic review, meta-analysis, and white paper

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    Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the most important paraclinical tool for assessing drug response in multiple sclerosis (MS) clinical trials. As such, MRI has also been widely used in preclinical research to investigate drug efficacy and pathogenic aspects in MS animal models. Keeping track of all published preclinical imaging studies, and possible new therapeutic approaches, has become difficult considering the abundance of studies. Moreover, comparisons between studies are hampered by methodological differences, especially since small differences in an MRI protocol can lead to large differences in tissue contrast. We therefore provide a comprehensive qualitative overview of preclinical MRI studies in the field of neuroinflammatory and demyelinating diseases, aiming to summarize experimental setup, MRI methodology, and risk of bias. We also provide estimates of the effects of tested therapeutic interventions by a meta-analysis. Finally, to improve the standardization of preclinical experiments, we propose guidelines on technical aspects of MRI and reporting that can serve as a framework for future preclinical studies using MRI in MS animal models. By implementing these guidelines, clinical translation of findings will be facilitated, and could possibly reduce experimental animal numbers

    Statistical estimation of white matter microstructure from conventional MRI

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    Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) has become the predominant modality for studying white matter integrity in multiple sclerosis (MS) and other neurological disorders. Unfortunately, the use of DTI-based biomarkers in large multi-center studies is hindered by systematic biases that confound the study of disease-related changes. Furthermore, the site-to-site variability in multi-center studies is significantly higher for DTI than that for conventional MRI-based markers. In our study, we apply the Quantitative MR Estimation Employing Normalization (QuEEN) model to estimate the four DTI measures: MD, FA, RD, and AD. QuEEN uses a voxel-wise generalized additive regression model to relate the normalized intensities of one or more conventional MRI modalities to a quantitative modality, such as DTI. We assess the accuracy of the models by comparing the prediction error of estimated DTI images to the scan-rescan error in subjects with two sets of scans. Across the four DTI measures, the performance of the models is not consistent: Both MD and RD estimations appear to be quite accurate, while AD estimation is less accurate than MD and RD; the accuracy of FA estimation is poor. Thus, in some cases when assessing white matter integrity, it may be sufficient to acquire conventional MRI sequences alone

    Longitudinal MR spectroscopy of neurodegeneration in multiple sclerosis with diffusion of the intra-axonal constituent N-acetylaspartate

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    Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a pathologically complex CNS disease: inflammation, demyelination, and neuroaxonal degeneration occur concurrently and may depend on one another. Current therapies are aimed at the immune-mediated, inflammatory destruction of myelin, whereas axonal degeneration is ongoing and not specifically targeted. Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance spectroscopy can measure the diffusivity of metabolites in vivo, such as the axonal/neuronal constituent N-acetylaspartate, allowing compartment-specific assessment of disease-related changes. Previously, we found significantly lower N-acetylaspartate diffusivity in people with MS compared to healthy controls (Wood et al., 2012) suggesting that this technique can measure axonal degeneration and could be useful in developing neuroprotective agents. In this longitudinal study, we found that N-acetylaspartate diffusivity decreased by 8.3% (p<0.05) over 6months in participants who were experiencing clinical or MRI evidence of inflammatory activity (n=13), whereas there was no significant change in N-acetylaspartate diffusivity in the context of clinical and radiological stability (n=6). As N-acetylaspartate diffusivity measurements are thought to more specifically reflect the intra-axonal space, these data suggest that N-acetylaspartate diffusivity can report on axonal health on the background of multiple pathological processes in MS, both cross-sectionally and longitudinally. Keywords: Multiple sclerosis, Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance spectroscopy, Axonopathy, White matte
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