10 research outputs found
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Simulation and Field Verification of Vehicle-Loop Interactions
Inductive sensors are used worldwide for traffic control. These sensors consist of a loop or loops of wire embedded in the pavement. The loops are connected to electronic control circuits that convert changes in loop inductance to signals to control traffic lights or to monitor traffic. This work describes a simulation approach that permits reliable calculation of the response of loops of various geometries to various types of vehicles. The simulation models both the loop and the vehicles with a set of filaments of finite length. The simulation approach was validated using two different loop geometries and various types of vehicles. The simulation was developed to assist in the selection of a loop geometry for a particular application or to assess the likely behavior of hypothetical loops. As it is based on a fundamental description of the vehicle-loop interaction, the simulation approach is also expected to be useful in other investigations of loop responses.Center for Electromechanic
Prevalence of visual impairment, cataract surgery and awareness of cataract and glaucoma in Bhaktapur district of Nepal: The Bhaktapur Glaucoma Study
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Cataract and glaucoma are the major causes of blindness in Nepal. Bhaktapur is one of the three districts of Kathmandu valley which represents a metropolitan city with a predominantly agrarian rural periphery. This study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of visual impairment, cataract surgery and awareness of cataract and glaucoma among subjects residing in this district of Nepal.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Subjects aged 40 years and above was selected using a cluster sampling methodology and a door to door enumeration was conducted for a population based cross sectional study. During the community field work, 11499 subjects underwent a structured interview regarding awareness (heard of) and knowledge (understanding of the disease) of cataract and glaucoma. At the base hospital 4003 out of 4800 (83.39%) subjects underwent a detailed ocular examination including log MAR visual acuity, refraction, applanation tonometry, cataract grading (LOCSΙΙ), retinal examination and SITA standard perimetry when indicated.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The age-sex adjusted prevalence of blindness (best corrected <3/60) and low vision (best corrected <6/18 ≥3/60) was 0.43% (95%C.I. 0.25 - 0.68) and 3.97% (95% C.I. 3.40 - 4.60) respectively. Cataract (53.3%) was the principal cause of blindness. The leading causes of low vision were cataract (60.8%) followed by refractive error (12%). The cataract surgical coverage was 90.36% and was higher in the younger age group, females and illiterate subjects. Pseudophakia was seen in 94%. Awareness of cataract (6.7%) and glaucoma (2.4%) was very low. Among subjects who were aware, 70.4% had knowledge of cataract and 45.5% of glaucoma. Cataract was commonly known to be a 'pearl like dot' white opacity in the eye while glaucoma was known to cause blindness. Awareness remained unchanged in different age groups for cataract while for glaucoma there was an increase in awareness with age. Women were significantly less aware (odds ratio (OR): 0.63; 95%, confidence interval (CI): 0.54 - 0.74) for cataract and (OR: 0.64; 95% CI: 0.50 - 0.81) for glaucoma. Literacy was also correlated with awareness.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The low prevalence of visual impairment and the high cataract surgical coverage suggests that cataract intervention programs have been successful in Bhaktapur. Awareness and knowledge of cataract and glaucoma was very poor among this population. Eye care programs needs to be directed towards preventing visual impairment from refractive errors, screening for incurable chronic eye diseases and promoting health education in order to raise awareness on cataract and glaucoma among this population.</p
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Attributes of direct measurement of inductance in a loop detector for traffic control
Inductive loop detectors for traffic control conventionally operate by sensing a resonant frequency shift when a vehicle passes over a loop. Using a digital system to measure the inductance as a function of time, better sensitivity and additional capability is available. This includes the ability to use both amplitude and frequency domain information to separate signals produced by vehicles that introduce only small interactions with the loop from signals due to vehicles in adjacent lanes. The detection scheme also permits an alternative approach for detecting bicycles and the option of placing detectors farther from an intersection to better control high speed traffic.Center for Electromechanic
Recent Advancements in Geotechnical Engineering
Geotechnical engineering has become an important discipline of civil engineering due to its rapid advancements and environmental challenges. Special emphasis is placed on innovative materials in the fields of geotechnical engineering, pavement engineering, health monitoring of structures and sustainability.Геотехническая инженерия стала важной дисциплиной гражданского строительства из-за ее быстрого развития и экологических проблем. Особое внимание уделяется инновационным материалам в области геотехники, проектирования дорожных покрытий, мониторинга состояния конструкций и устойчивого развития.Используемые программы Adobe Acroba