Prevalence of premature canities among college students studying in a private medical college, Chennai: A cross sectional study

Introduction: Canities is a scientific term used to describe the graying of hair. The graying of hair varies with age and ethnicity. Aging of hair occurs due to reduced melanin synthesis by the pigment producing cell melanocytes. Premature canities are becoming increasingly common. However, the etiology of premature canities remains unknown. Hence this study aimed to determine the prevalence of premature canities and its association with family history. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Biochemistry of the students studying in ACS Medical College and Hospital from June 2018 to June 2019. Students aged less than 25 years participated in this present study. Results: Totally 519 volunteers 179 subjects had premature canities. The prevalence of Premature canities was 34.5%. It was more prevalent among females (n=97) 54% compared to males (n=82) 46%. Early onset of hair graying occurred in subjects with family history of gray hair. Among them 49 % of the subjects had family history of premature canities predominantly maternal family history (33%).&nbsp

Atherogenic risk in premature canities among college students India

Introduction:  Appearance of gray hair before the age of 25 years in Asian population considered as premature canities. The degree of hair graying is a risk factor for coronary artery disease. Studies says that visible ageing sign reflects the poor cardiovascular health status irrespective of the chronological ageing. However datas on the role of premature canities is not well established and datas were sparse. Hence the aim of the present study is (i) to evaluate the atherogenic risk in premature canities and (ii) to understand the inter relationship of premature canities  with history of diabetes and hypertension Materials and methods:  This cross-sectional study was conducted from June 2021 to October 2021 among the college students studying at ACS Medical College & Hospital, Chennai, India. Subjects with vitiligo, premature graying syndrome, Autoimmune thyroid disease or under treatment for any clinical conditions were excluded from this study. The Inclusion criteria were healthy volunteers of aged < 25 years. The study was approved by the institutional ethics committee. After obtaining informed consent demographic parameters were collected in preformed proforma. Fasting blood samples were collected in plain tubes and analyzed for lipid profile, total protein, albumin, thyroid profile. Atherogenic Index of plasma (AIP) calculated.&nbsp

Дизайн компактної мікросмужкової патч-антени з високим коефіцієнтом підсилення в діапазоні ISM

Частотно-селективна поверхня (FSS) — це будь-яка тонка повторювана металева поверхня, призначена для відображення, пропускання або поглинання електромагнітного випромінювання відповідно до частоти хвилі. Вхідна плоска хвиля буде передана (смуга пропускання) або відбита назад (смуга зупинки) залежно від характеристик елементарної комірки. Це відбувається, коли частота електромагнітної (ЕМ) хвилі збігається з резонансною частотою компонентів FSS. Таким чином, FSS є просторовим фільтром, здатним пропускати або гальмувати електромагнітні хвилі певного діапазону частот у вільному просторі. Зараз FSS широко досліджені, і досягнуто значного прогресу в області їх проектування та реалізації для широкого спектру практичних застосувань, від мікрохвильових до оптичних частот. Представлена частотно-селективна поверхня, приєднана до нової круглої патч-антени з центральним живленням. Широка смуга від 5 ГГц до 6,2 ГГц досягається за допомогою монопольної діаграми спрямованості. Згідно з результатами моделювання запропонованої структури антени, її можна застосовувати в додатках діапазону ISM, бездротових аудіо- та відеосистемах та інших бездротових комунікаціях на частоті 5,8 ГГц. Він має симульоване максимальне підсилення 5,36 дБі та смугу пропускання 31,1%. У всьому робочому діапазоні всенаправлена діаграма спрямованості досить постійна. Загальні розміри антени становлять 27,34 x 27,34 мм2, включаючи структуру FSS, що робить компактну широкосмугову систему на 5,8 ГГц. Кругла патч-антена з ромбоподібним отвором у центрі ініціалізує перший резонанс на частоті 5,8 ГГц із розміром 20 x 20 мм2, а параметр продуктивності додатково покращується шляхом додавання структури FSS.A Frequency-Selective Surface (FSS) is any thin, repetitive metal surface designed to reflect, transmit, or absorb electromagnetic radiation according on the frequency of the wave. The entering plane wave will either be transmitted (passband) or reflected back (stopband) depending on the characteristics of the unit cell. This happens when the frequency of an electromagnetic (EM) wave coincides with the resonance frequency of the FSS components. As a result, an FSS is a spatial filter capable of allowing or inhibiting EM waves of a certain frequency range in free space. FSSs have now been widely investigated, and great progress is being made in the field of their design and implementation for a wide range of practical applications, from microwave to optical frequencies. The Frequency Selective Surface attached to the new center-fed circular patch antenna is presented. A wide band from 5 GHz to 6.2 GHz is achieved with a monopole-like radiation pattern. According to simulation results of the proposed antenna structure, it can be applied in ISM band applications, wireless audio and video systems and other wireless communications at 5.8 GHz. It has a simulated maximum gain of 5.36 dBi and a bandwidth of 31.1 %. Throughout the operational band, the omnidirectional radiation pattern is fairly constant. The overall dimensions of the antenna are 27.34 x 27.34 mm2 including FSS structure thus makes a compactable wideband system at 5.8 GHz. A circular patch antenna with diamond slot at center initialize first resonance at 5.8 GHz with a dimension of 20 x 20 mm2 and performance parameter is further improved by appending FSS Structure

Effect of fluoride on oral health status among general population residing in high- and low-level fluoride blocks in Erode District, Tamil Nadu, India: A cross-sectional study

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the fluoride levels in groundwater and their effect on oral health status among the general population of Erode district, Tamil Nadu, India. Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among the general population of index age groups 5, 12, 15, 35–44, and 65–74 years. A total of 540 subjects participated in the study. High fluoride blocks of Erode district were selected based on the Central Ground Water Board (CGWB), Ministry of Jal Shakti, Department of Water Resources, River Development and Ganga Rejuvenation, Government of India, 2010, and the low fluoride were taken from the Groundwater Year Book (GWYB) of Tamil Nadu and UT of Puducherry, 2018. The Oral Health Assessment Form 2013 (adult and children) of the World Health Organization (WHO) was used to assess dental caries and enamel fluorosis. Clinical examination was performed using a mouth mirror and explorer under natural illumination by a single examiner. Data obtained were processed and analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics version 26. A Chi-squared test was employed to analyze the difference between the high and low fluoride blocks. A P value of 0.05 was set to be statistically significant. Results: The current study had a contrary finding with the CGWB on water quality analysis of fluoride levels in drinking water for high fluoride block, Ammapet (1.12 ppm) and Anthiyur (1.08 ppm). The prevalence of enamel fluorosis in high fluoride block Ammapet was 44.4% and Anthiyur was 54.8%. The prevalence of dental caries in high fluoride block Ammapet was 45.9% and in Anthiyur was 43%. The prevalence of enamel fluorosis in low fluoride block Bhavanisagar was 27.4% and in Gobichettipalayam was 28.2%. The prevalence of dental caries in low fluoride block Bhavanisagar was 61.5%, and in Gobichettipalayam was 54.8%. Conclusion: This study's contradictory finding emphasizes the importance of drinking water; sanitation staff should monitor and report water fluoridation data on a monthly basis in accordance with the Water Fluoridation Reporting System, and CGWB should plan and organize a team for the upgradation of water quality in India. The National Program for Prevention and Control of Dental Diseases should look on to the endemic areas for the prevention of dental fluorosis, which should be assessed, implemented, and monitored by the public health dentist who should be recruited as oral health program officers in both central and state governments

Study of Serum Adipocytokines and Lipid Profile with Leptin/Adiponectin Ratio in First-Degree Relatives of Type 2 Diabetic Patients

Background: The primary health issues worldwide which silently kill are Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and obesity with the prevalence range of respectfully. The adipose tissue functions play a critical role mainly in glucose and lipid homeostasis. The expansion of the adipocyte mainly leads to chronic low-grade inflammation by the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as adiponectin & leptin and others. The adiponectin has anti-atherogenic, anti-inflammatory properties and is also considered a metabolic hormone which influences the glucose and lipid metabolism. The aim of the study is to study the significance of serum adiponectin [HMW] and serum leptin and its correlation with the Lipid profile and the study of atherogenic index [AI] in the first-degree relatives [FDR] of diabetic family [DF] and non-diabetic family [nDF]. Materials & Methods: Present study is a cross-sectional analytical study conducted on 100 first-degree relatives [FDR] of both diabetic and non-diabetic families, along with their parents 50 type 2 diabetic patients and 50 non-diabetic patients. We have categorized the above study participants as groups with a and b as the diabetic and non-diabetic parents and a1 & b1 as the FDR of diabetic [DF] and non-diabetic family [nDF]. Fasting lipid profile, serum adiponectin [HMW] & serum leptin were analysed in all four groups. Result: Serum adiponectin is found significant with serum triglycerides, serum low-density lipoprotein [LDL], Leptin/adiponectin ratio and Atherogenic index [AI] between a & b and a1 & b1 groups. Conclusion: The serum adiponectin is correlated with serum Total cholesterol, TGL, LDL, Leptin/adiponectin ratio and atherogenic index mainly in the a1 first-degree relatives [FDR] of positive diabetic family history, which can be considered as the biomarker for the future risk of diabetic dyslipidaemia

Systematic review on copper calcium hydroxide nanoparticles in the treatment of apical periodontitis

Apical periodontitis is an inflammation and destruction of the periradicular tissues due to various insults to the pulp in the form of infection, trauma, and faulty dental procedures. Conditions regarding this are treated employing root canal therapy. Recent innovations show that copper calcium hydroxide nanoparticles and their electrophoresis can be used to treat apical periodontitis effectively. To evaluate the effectiveness of copper calcium hydroxide nanoparticles in the treatment of apical periodontitis, a literature search was done using PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Science Direct, and Lilacs using the MeSH (Medical Subject Heading) terms Copper calcium hydroxide, apical periodontitis, nanoparticles, and electrophoresis. Of a total of 167 articles screened, 44 were full-text articles assessed for eligibility and four articles were taken for the qualitative analysis. This review was recorded according to the PRISMA GUIDELINES. Four randomized controlled trials were included in the review process. The copper calcium hydroxide particles were compared with other root canal medicament materials. It was found that copper calcium hydroxide and its electrophoresis were used in the treatment of apical periodontitis and were found to be one of the effective methods. Copper calcium hydroxide nanoparticles were effective against the destruction of the periradicular tissues

Assessing the effect of iron on oral health status among the general population residing in high and low levels of iron blocks in Namakkal District, Tamil Nadu, India: A cross-sectional study

Aim: This study aims to assess the effect of iron on oral health status among the general population residing in high and low levels of iron blocks in the Namakkal district of Tamil Nadu, India. Materials and Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the impact of iron on oral health among people in the Namakkal district of Tamil Nadu, India. The sample size was estimated to be 600, which were equally divided into two groups based on the high and low levels of iron (300 samples) content of water in the Namakkal district based on the multistage random sampling method. A pre-tested structured questionnaire was used to collect the demographic data and oral hygiene practices of the people. Dental stains were recorded using a modified Lobene stain index. P value < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Results: The area and intensity of the dental stains were not significant with age, gender, and blocks. There was no statistically significant difference between the high iron and low iron blocks for the area (A), intensity (I), and I × A of stains. Conclusion: The study concludes that the water samples with both high and low levels of iron had a strong impact on the oral health of the people

Effect of asfotase alfa in the treatment of hypophosphatasia- A systematic review

Hypophosphatasia (HPP) is a life-threatening disease that occurs due to the mutation of the TNSALP (Tissue nonspecific isoenzyme of alkaline phosphatase) encoding gene. There is no approved treatment for Hypophosphatasia. Therefore, the only effective treatment for HPP is enzyme replacement therapy using the drug asfotase alfa which increases the patient's life span. The aim of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of asfotase alfa (enzyme replacement therapy) in treating HPP. A Literature search was done using PubMed, Google scholar, science direct, and Wiley LILACS utilizing MeSH keywords such as – Hypophosphatasia and asfotase alfa. A total of 411 articles were screened, of which four articles were taken for this qualitative analysis. Reporting of this systematic review is done by using PRISMA guidelines. Asfotase alfa/enzyme replacement therapy is examined on patients with different age groups and on congenital HPP patients to assess the effectiveness of HPP treatment. Enzyme replacement therapy using asfotase alfa is an effective and assured treatment for infants, children, and adults suffering from HPP

Altered oxidant-antioxidant status in non-obese men with moderate essential hypertension

Background : Although a wide number of experimental evidences are available regarding oxidant-antioxidant disturbance in hypertension, clinical data supporting it is lacking in men in early stages of hypertension. Aims: The objective of the study was to evaluate oxidative status and antioxidant activities in males with stage I essential hypertension. Materials and Methods : Thirty hypertensives and 21 normotensives were included in the study. Protein carbonyl, reduced glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, catalase and fasting glucose were assessed in both the groups. Statistical Analysis : Results were analyzed by student′s ′t′ test and linear regression analysis test. Results : Plasma protein carbonyl and glutathione peroxidase were significantly increased, and catalase and GSH were significantly reduced in the hypertensive group compared to normotensive subjects. There was a significant negative correlation between glutathione peroxidase and catalase in the test group. Conclusions : The data from the present study indicates an alteration in oxidant-antioxidant status in non-obese men in early stages of essential hypertension