Stabilization of bacterial cells culture on immobilized Alginate beads and optimization of Congo red decolorization

544-552The paper deals with the primary objective to optimize different parameters such as concentration, temperature, pH, time and size of cells for the decolorization of azo dye (Congo red) by using bacterial isolates by the method of immobilized bacterial cells. Staphylococcus aureus immobilized beads show a maximum dye decolorization of 94% under optimum condition and found to be more efficient in dye decolorization. The optimum value for degradation is found to be 35°C, for 400 mg/L of concentration of dye at the medium pH of 7. The order of the reaction was found to be first order with the rate constant of 0.073 h-1. The dye adsorbed on the bead surface follows Freundlich adsorption isotherm with the constant values are K = 1.368 and 1/n = 0.773. Studies have been carried out by FTIR, GC-MS analysis for confirming the biodegradation of Congo Red by the immobilized bacterial cells. The results reported warrant further investigation to establish the usefulness of these isolates for bioremediation and biodegradation application such as wastewater treatment

Stabilization of bacterial cells culture on immobilized Alginate beads and optimization of Congo red decolorization

The paper deals with the primary objective to optimize different parameters such as concentration, temperature, pH, time and size of cells for the decolorization of azo dye (Congo red) by using bacterial isolates by the method of immobilized bacterial cells. Staphylococcus aureus immobilized beads show a maximum dye decolorization of 94% under optimum condition and found to be more efficient in dye decolorization. The optimum value for degradation is found to be 35°C, for 400 mg/L of concentration of dye at the medium pH of 7. The order of the reaction was found to be first order with the rate constant of 0.073 h-1. The dye adsorbed on the bead surface follows Freundlich adsorption isotherm with the constant values are K = 1.368 and 1/n = 0.773. Studies have been carried out by FTIR, GC-MS analysis for confirming the biodegradation of Congo Red by the immobilized bacterial cells. The results reported warrant further investigation to establish the usefulness of these isolates for bioremediation and biodegradation application such as wastewater treatment

Proactive cloud service assurance framework for fault remediation in cloud environment

Cloud resiliency is an important issue in successful implementation of cloud computing systems. Handling cloud faults proactively, with a suitable remediation technique having minimum cost is an important requirement for a fault management system. The selection of best applicable remediation technique is a decision making problem and considers parameters such as i) Impact of remediation technique ii) Overhead of remediation technique ii) Severity of fault and iv) Priority of the application. This manuscript proposes an analytical model to measure the effectiveness of a remediation technique for various categories of faults, further it demonstrates the implementation of an efficient fault remediation system using a rule-based expert system. The expert system is designed to compute an utility value for each remediation technique in a novel way and select the best remediation technique from its knowledgebase. A prototype is developed for experimentation purpose and the results shows improved availability with less overhead as compared to a reactive fault management system

NANOROBOTICS IN CANCER TREATMENT

Disease and ill health are caused largely by damage at the molecular and Cellular level. Today\u27s surgical tools are, at this scale, large and crude. From the Viewpoint of a cell, even a fine scalpel is a blunt instrument more suited to tear and injure than heal and cure, where in real-time the organ most affected is heart. The present method of treatment-bypass surgery or angioplasty is outdated in this Nan world. Our work shows any viral respiratory infection could be diagnosed with the help of quantum dot system in an efficient manner. Finally, this paper clearly pictures the solutions for human illness using the “Nanotechnology” which will be driver for the future technologies of today’s “shrinking world

Genetic characterization of Vibrio cholerae strains by inter simple sequence repeat-PCR

The utility of inter simple sequence repeat-PCR (ISSR-PCR) assay in the characterization and elucidation of the phylogenetic relationship between the pathogenic and nonpathogenic isolates of Vibrio cholerae is demonstrated. A total of 45 V. cholerae strains including 15 O1 El Tor, nine O139 and 21 non-O1/non-O139 strains were analyzed using eight ISSR primers. These primers, which are essentially simple sequence repeats (SSR) with additional nonrepeat bases at the 5' or 3' end, amplify genomic regions interspersed between closely spaced SSRs. Neighbor-joining analysis showed that the strains belonging to the same serogroup clustered together with the exception of one O1 and two O139 strains. The absence of pathogenicity islands in these strains, as confirmed by PCR, suggested their non-O1/non-O139 origin. Thus the ISSR-PCR-based phylogeny was consistent with the classification of V. cholerae based on serological methods. A finer resolution of the clustering of the toxinogenic O1 El Tor and toxinogenic O139 subtypes was obtained by ISSR-PCR analysis as compared with the Enterobacterial Repetitive Intergenic Consensus sequences-based PCR analysis for the same set of strains. Thus, it is proposed that ISSR-PCR is an efficient tool in phylogenetic classification of prokaryotic genomes in general and diagnostic genotyping of microbial pathogens in particular

Effect of salinity stress on carbohydrate, lipid peroxidation and proline contents of two horse gram [Macrotyloma uniflorum (Lam.) Verdc] varieties

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of different concentrations (0, 40, 80 and 120mM) of salinity on horse gram [Macrotyloma uniflorum (Lam.) Verdc] plants grown in pots. The two horse gram varieties PAIYUR-2 and CO-1 were used for the study. Sampling was done on 15th Days After Treatment (DAT) and 30th DAT from control and salinity treated plants. The response of the horse gram plants to salinity stress was analysed by estimating the levels of carbohydrates, starch, lipid peroxidation, proline and glycine betaine. Higher salinity markedly reduced sugar concentration in both horsegram varieties, while starch content showed reverse trend. Lipid peroxidation (estimated by MDA content) significantly increased under salinity in both varieties but the rate of increment was higher in CO-1. The concentration of proline and glycine betaine were also altered under salinity. From the results of this investigation, it may be concluded that plants of variety PAIYUR-2 have high adaptive potential under salinity when compared to variety CO-1

Varijacija gena β-tubulin izotip 1 u kodonu 167 i 200 odgovorna za rezistenciju Haemonchus contortus na benzimidazol iz ovaca uzgajanih u distriktu Krishna, AP, Indija.

A study was carried out for detection of single nucleotide polymorphisms at codon 167 and 200 of the β-tubulin isotype 1 gene that are linked to BZ resistance of Haemonchus contortus in sheep. A total of 226 adult male worms were genotyped from different regions of Krishna district, Andhra Pradesh. Amplification of DNA from each worm by PCR, followed by semi-nested PCR, yielded an expected fragment of 488 bp product. The PCR product was subsequently digested with restriction endonuclease SnaBI and TaaI to detect mutation at codon 167 and 200 respectively. On digestion, three different fragment patterns were observed at codon 200, one with 215 bp, 206 bp and 67 bp (homozygous resistant; ‘rr’), the second with 282 bp, 215 bp, 206 bp and 67 bp (heterozygous; ‘rS’), and another with 282 bp and 206 bp fragment (homozygous susceptible; ‘SS’). No resistance allele (TAC) was evident at codon 167 in any worms including the worms that carried a susceptible allele (TTC) at codon 200. The overall genotype frequencies varied significantly (P<0.01) with respect to the β-tubulin gene/TaaI locus in the study area. The frequency of ‘rS’ (64.60%) genotypes was high compared to that of ‘rr’ and ‘SS’ genotypes. The genotype frequency for ‘rr’ worms ranged from 6.25% to 31.82% among different regions. In general, the prevalence of BZ resistance allele was found to be significantly (P<0.01) higher (54.0%). Results revealed β-tubulin isotype 1 polymorphism at codon 200 in H. contortus of sheep indicating the occurrence of resistance allele in the study area.Provedeno je istraživanje s ciljem otkrivanja polimorfizama pojedinačnih nukleotida u kodonu 167 i 200, β-tubulin izotip 1 gena koji je povezan s otpornošću ovčjeg parazita Haemonchus contortus prema benzimidazolu (BZ). Genotipizirano je ukupno je 226 odraslih muških crva iz različitih područja distrikta Krishna, Andhra Pradesh. Umnažanje DNA iz svakoga crva pomoću PCR-a praćeno je poluugniježđenim PCR-om, čime je proizveden očekivani fragment od 488 bp. PCR produkt potom je pomiješan s restrikcijskim endonukleazama SnaBI i TaaI radi otkrivanja mutacije u kodonu 167 i 200. U kodonu 200 opažena su tri različita fragmenta, jedan s 215 bp, 206 bp i 67 bp (homozigotno rezistentan, „rr“), drugi s 282 bp, 215 bp, 206 bp i 67 bp (heterozigot, „rS“) i treći s 282 bp i 206 bp fragmentom (homozigotno sumnjiv, „SS“). Rezistentni alel (TAC) nije ustanovljen u kodonu 167 svih istraženih crva, uključujući crve koji su nosili sumnjivi alel (TTC) u kodonu 200. Ukupna učestalost genotipova znatno je varirala (P<0,01) u odnosu na β-tubulin gen/TaaI lokus istraženog područja. Učestalost genotipa „rS“ (64,60 %) bila je visoka u usporedbi s učestalošću genotipova „rr“ i „SS“. Učestalost genotipa „rr“ kod crva iz različitih područja kretala se u rasponu od 6,25 % do 31,82 %. Općenito, opažena je signifikantno (P<0,01) viša (54,0 %) prevalencija BZ rezistentnog alela. Rezultati potvrđuju da polimorfizam kodona 200 u β-tubulin izotip 1 genu ovčjeg parazita H. contortus upućuje na pojavu rezistentnih alela u istraženim područjima

Welding

Friction welding method is one of the most simple, economical and highly productive methods in joining similar and dissimilar metals. It is widely used in the automotive, aircraft and aerospace industrial applications. For many applications it is often necessary to join aluminium (6061) to make finished part. In this project the main aim is to weld the small thickness of aluminum (6061) plates for that friction welding machine used is of higher cost. Here the aim is reduce the cost of friction welding machine with simple parts like three phase A.C induction motor, bush, frame stand, friction tool, universal vice, vertical moving bed, horizontal moving bed, etc. The result expected would be of same strength as that of old friction welding machine. It is very easy and at same time production time is very much reduced. This machine is best suitable for mass production