A somewhat gentle introduction to differential graded commutative algebra

Differential graded (DG) commutative algebra provides powerful techniques for proving theorems about modules over commutative rings. These notes are a somewhat colloquial introduction to these techniques. In order to provide some motivation for commutative algebraists who are wondering about the benefits of learning and using these techniques, we present them in the context of a recent result of Nasseh and Sather-Wagstaff. These notes were used for the course "Differential Graded Commutative Algebra" that was part of the Workshop on Connections Between Algebra and Geometry held at the University of Regina, May 29--June 1, 2012.Comment: 78 page

Presentations of rings with non-trivial semidualizing modules

Let R be a commutative noetherian local ring. A finitely generated R-module C is semidualizing if it is self-orthogonal and satisfies the condition Hom_R(C,C) \cong R. We prove that a Cohen-Macaulay ring R with dualizing module D admits a semidualizing module C satisfying R\ncong C \ncong D if and only if it is a homomorphic image of a Gorenstein ring in which the defining ideal decomposes in a cohomologically independent way. This expands on a well-known result of Foxby, Reiten and Sharp saying that R admits a dualizing module if and only if R is Cohen--Macaulay and a homomorphic image of a local Gorenstein ring.Comment: 16 pages, uses XY-pic; v.2 reorganized, main theorem revised, examples adde

Nest Morphogenesis and Population Ecology of Two Species of Formica

Two species of thatching ants (Formica obscuripes and F. oreas comptula) are common to the ecotone and woodland habitats of the Forest River Biology Station near Inkster, Grand Forks County, North Dakota. The general ecology for each species was determined with emphasis on mound morphogenesis, colony-founding and population characteristics. For each species the following samples and data were collected: random samples of each population, thatch sample, external and internal mound measurements, and field maps of distribution patterns. The morphogenesis of F. obscurlpes mounds was found to follow a predictable pattern with three well defined but transitional nest forms: (1) Stage I, characterized by a thatched dome without excavation, (2) Stage IT, characterized by a raised, thatched dome, earthen embankment and an excavated pocket containing thatch, and (3) Stage III, characterized by a depressed dome of deteriorating thatch, producing a crater-like effect. Random samples of workers taken from selected mounds in various stages of growth indicated that the ratio of minors to majors increased with growth and aging of colonies. Minors made up a larger percentage of the sample taken from Stage III mounds as compared to Stages I and II. Annual measurements of mounds over a the growth of mounds and population seven-year period showed followed a predictable growth curve. Stage I mounds were typically geometric In their rate of growth whereas Stage II mounds had an arithmetic growth rate. Stage III mounds showed a negative growth rate. The distribution patterns of colonies were found to be isolated and random (prairie and woodland habitats), uniform (prairie habitat), and clumped (woodland habitat). The means by which new colonies were established varied with the habitat. Indirect evidence indicates that isolated prairie and wood land colonies are probably founded by solitary queens following the marriage flight, while mounds within clusters were founded by the process of colony division. A relatively rare process, colony translocation, resulted in the abandonment of one nest in favor of another of recent origin. Individual F. oreas comptula nests were, for the most part, asymmetrical in shape with little change in morphology (except size) between Stage I and Stage III nests. No relationship was noted between major/minor ratios and nest size. The sequence of events leading to colony senescence as observed in F. obscuripes was net found to apply to this species. Clusters of F. oreas comptula nests, usually associated with dense stands of Kentucky blue grass, were not found to be composed of discrete colonies but were parts of a complex of interconnected nests. The movement of tagged workers and the transfer of brood between nests indicated that such clusters were polydomous. Isolated and randomly dispersed colonies were rare. The establishment of new colonies was through the process of colony budding. Spatial separation occasionally resulted in the establishment of secondary polydomous clusters

大義ある叛逆 : 今川了俊の（非）倫理性

This essay examines the dissonance between contemporary accounts ofImagawa Ryōshun’s activities and the later Tokugawa period image of himas exemplar of warrior values. A critical of contemporary sources reveals thathis is an altogether different image: that of rebel. While Ryōshun sacrificedtwenty-five years of his life attempting to subjugate the island of Kyushu forthe Ashikaga, things turned sour when his enemies slandered him to AshikagaYoshimitsu, who summarily dismissed him from the post of Kyushu tandai.Yoshimitsu’s absolutism brought him into conflict with other powerfulwarlords like Ōuchi Yoshihiro and Ashikaga Mitsukane, both of whom in theend plotted rebellion. While Ryōshun disavowed any participation in the plot,it is reasonably clear that he did participate, if only tacitly, and even musteredtroops before surrendering and ending his life in political exile. In order tojustify his betrayal, he seems to have relied on ideas from Mencius to suggestthat Yoshimitsu was an immoral ruler whose profligacy demanded reignchange. Mencius gave him the opportunity to argue that the Ashikaga familywas worthy of rule but that Yoshimitsu was not. In other words, Ryōshunremained loyal to the Ashikaga house, not the individual ruling it, a positionmore in line with Tokugawa ideas on loyalty than his own. His stance on reignchange, however, was dangerous for the Tokugawa, who were concerned withmaintaining control of the warrior class. Accordingly, Ryōshun’s betrayal wasforgotten or ignored, leaving the image of paragon to posterity

事実上の批評 : 今川了俊の『難太平記』(2)

I have divided the translation of and commentary on Nan Taiheiki into two parts. In part one, I outlined the main concerns that influenced Ryōshun to write the text: the loyalty of the Imagawa to the ruling Ashikaga family, his frustration with Taiheiki (Chronicle of Great Peace), and his resentment toward Ashikaga Yoshimitsu. The overarching theme of Nan Taiheiki, then, is the protection of the Imagawa legacy. In part two, I continue my analysis of this theme through an examination of Ryōshun’s description of Hosokawa Kiyouji and his rebellion against the Ashikaga. Ryōshun’s father Norikuni proposed a plan to the shogun that would have sacrificed his son in an attempt to kill Kiyouji and nip his rebellion in the bud. I then examine the significance of the Kamakura outpost, its overlord the Kantō kubō, and his deputy the kanrei for both Kiyouji’s rebellion, which took place as a result of the strife surrounding the position of kanrei, and later, for Ryōshun’s participation in the Ōei Disturbance, which resulted from the discord between Kyoto and Kamakura. What Ryōshun likely perceived as similarities between his participation in the Ōei Disturbance and Kiyouji’s rebellion motivated him to include the Kiyouji episodes in Nan Taiheiki. Accordingly, Nan Taiheiki demonstrates, through Kiyouji, how easy it was to fall from grace, and, through the idealistic origins of the Kamakura outpost, just how far the Ashikaga had fallen under Yoshimitsu’s rule

Body fluid volume and electrolyte derangements in fasting semiannual report no. 1, dec. 1, 1964 - mar. 31, 1965

Electrolyte balance studies on rats maintained in metabolism cages - body fluid volume and electrolyte derangements by fasting in col

AKAP79/150 Anchoring of Calcineurin Controls Neuronal L-Type Ca2+ Channel Activity and Nuclear Signaling

SummaryNeuronal L-type calcium channels contribute to dendritic excitability and activity-dependent changes in gene expression that influence synaptic strength. Phosphorylation-mediated enhancement of L-type channels containing the CaV1.2 pore-forming subunit is promoted by A-kinase anchoring proteins (AKAPs) that target cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) to the channel. Although PKA increases L-type channel activity in dendrites and dendritic spines, the mechanism of enhancement in neurons remains poorly understood. Here, we show that CaV1.2 interacts directly with AKAP79/150, which binds both PKA and the Ca2+/calmodulin-activated phosphatase calcineurin (CaN). Cotargeting of PKA and CaN by AKAP79/150 confers bidirectional regulation of L-type current amplitude in transfected HEK293 cells and hippocampal neurons. However, anchored CaN dominantly suppresses PKA enhancement of the channel. Additionally, activation of the transcription factor NFATc4 via local Ca2+ influx through L-type channels requires AKAP79/150, suggesting that this signaling complex promotes neuronal L channel signaling to the nucleus through NFATc4

名を借りての批評 : 今川了俊『難太平記』の概説と翻訳(1)

This translation and analysis of Imagawa Ryōshun’s Nan Taiheiki examines the events that led him to write the work, namely his dismissal from the office of Kyūshū tandai and his subsequent participation in the Ōei Disturbance. After the rebellion ended in failure, he spent the rest of his life writing and critiquing literature. Nan Taiheiki, written around 1402, was a product of this period and of his rancor toward the Ashikaga chieftain Yoshimitsu. While the original Nan Taiheiki has no chapters or section headings, a close examination reveals three fundamental concerns. First, a focus on the Ashikaga’s status as a collateral family of the Minamoto, which gave them a near divine right to lordship. In order to protect his family from “becoming lowly people without name or rank,” Ryōshun asserts his family’s loyalty to the Ashikaga, in the process laying the groundwork for his criticism of Yoshimitsu later in the work. Second, a repudiation of Taiheiki, not for its overall storyline, but for its omission of the deeds of families that had participated in the Ashikaga’s rise to power, most notably his own. And last, a criticism of Yoshimitsu, whose maladministration led to Ryōshun’s dismissal from the office of tandai. Importantly, his criticism is of Yoshimitsu the individual, not of the Ashikaga family; a large part of Nan Taiheiki is meant to demonstrate Yoshimitsu’s unworthiness as a ruler and to cast Ryōshun’s participation in the Ōei Disturbance as the act of a loyal follower of the Ashikaga. Accordingly, I show that Nan Taiheiki, which Ryōshun did not even title, has been misinterpreted: its criticism of Taiheiki is but one of several aspects of the text, all of which are tied together by Ryōshun’s need to protect his family’s legacy and criticize Yoshimitsu, who he considered the architect of his downfall