Effects of Multirate Systems on the Statistical Properties of Random Signals

In multirate digital signal processing, we often encounter time-varying linear systems such as decimators, interpolators, and modulators. In many applications, these building blocks are interconnected with linear filters to form more complicated systems. It is often necessary to understand the way in which the statistical behavior of a signal changes as it passes through such systems. While some issues in this context have an obvious answer, the analysis becomes more involved with complicated interconnections. For example, consider this question: if we pass a cyclostationary signal with period K through a fractional sampling rate-changing device (implemented with an interpolator, a nonideal low-pass filter and a decimator), what can we say about the statistical properties of the output? How does the behavior change if the filter is replaced by an ideal low-pass filter? In this paper, we answer questions of this nature. As an application, we consider a new adaptive filtering structure, which is well suited for the identification of band-limited channels. This structure exploits the band-limited nature of the channel, and embeds the adaptive filter into a multirate system. The advantages are that the adaptive filter has a smaller length, and the adaptation as well as the filtering are performed at a lower rate. Using the theory developed in this paper, we show that a matrix adaptive filter (dimension determined by the decimator and interpolator) gives better performance in terms of lower error energy at convergence than a traditional adaptive filter. Even though matrix adaptive filters are, in general, computationally more expensive, they offer a performance bound that can be used as a yardstick to judge more practical "scalar multirate adaptation" schemes

Judicial Activism: The Indian Experience

Judicial activism has become a subject of controversy in India. Recent and past attempts to hinder the power of the courts, as well as access to the courts, included indirect methods of disciplining the judiciary, such as supersession of the judges and transfers of inconvenient judges. Critics of judicial activism say that the courts usurp functions allotted to the other organs of government. On the other hand, defenders of judicial activism assert that the courts merely perform their legitimate function. According to Mr. Justice A. H. Ahmadi, the former Chief Justice of India, judicial activism is a necessary adjunct of the judicial function because the protection of public interest, as opposed to private interest, is the main concern

ENTREPRENEUR ECOSYSTEM: THE INDIAN PERSPECTIVE

In this paper researcher has discussed aspects of entrepreneur ecosystem and how they are collaborate with each other to generate employment. Different models regarding entrepreneurship ecosystem are suggested by eminent economist focuses on the entrepreneurial personality, the entrepreneurial process, and the entrepreneurial development of a region. Government policies, finance, culture, support, human capital and market are the key contributors to the entrepreneurship ecosystem. In India, public sector and large private sector organizations failed to generate adequate number of jobs. Hence India has geared up to adopt the culture of startups with 4200 startups till 2014. Indian government also supports this ecosystem by providing funds, technology and necessary infrastructure. With business friendly environment India can replicate the success story of IT and ITES sector which contributes 9 percent to Indian GDP

A study of Cyber Awareness of the College Students

What is cyber security and why should we care? Cyber security has become a new concept in the last decade. We live in a world where technology is integrated into our daily lives. We spend more and more time using the internet for work, education and socializing. Being part of this cyber world is no longer a luxury, but a necessity for many cyber users so it can be said that “We are becoming the cyber generationâ€. While these advances are making our daily lives easier they are also adding extra risks to our personal information. Most people do not think about their identities getting stolen when they make an online transaction, check their email, or use social media. However, each time that you put your personal information on the Internet you are at risk of that information getting stolen Therefore one needs to understand the possible cyber threats associated with using cyber devices and tools such as mobile phones, tablets and desktops, and connectivity to the Internet. There are many simple ways that these risks can be reduced, but it starts with cyber security awareness.  Ideally, all cyber users should understand the technology they use and how to use it properly and safely

Study of biochemical parameters in metabolic bone disease with chronic renal failure

Background: Renal osteodystrophy and metabolic bone disease are terms that encompass a number of skeletal abnormalities, including osteomalasia, osteitis fibrosa cystica and impaired bone growth in children. The proposed work aimed to evaluate the status of bone health by estimating levels of elements like calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, alkaline phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes in serum of patients suffering from metabolic bone disease with chronic renal failure.Methods: The routine biochemical investigations were estimated by known standard methods and alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes were done by polyacrylamide slab gel electrophoresis. The assay values were statistically validated.Results: Serum calcium levels were significantly decreased (p<0.001) in chronic renal failure cases than control whereas, phosphorus and serum alkaline phosphatase levels were significantly increased. Electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gel separated the serum alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes. In control group, two bands of isoenzymes appeared. Whereas, in patients with metabolic bone disease with chronic renal failure, only one diffused band appeared.Conclusions: Decreased calcium levels and increased phosphorus levels in serum indicate metabolic bone disease with chronic renal failure. Elevation of serum alkaline phosphatase is a marker of sick bone. Increased levels of serum alkaline phosphatase are responsible for appearance of diffused band of isoenzyme which is marker for metabolic bone disease with chronic renal failure

Resonant Raman of OH/OD vibrations and photoluminescence studies in LiTaO3 thin film

Resonant Raman spectra (RRS) of O-H and O-D vibration and libration modes, their combinations and higher harmonics have been observed in LiTaO3 polycrystalline thin films. RRS peaks are superimposed on photoluminescence (PL) spectrum. Monochromatic light from a xenon lamp is used as excitation source. PL spectrum shows two broad peaks, first near the band gap in UV (4.4-4.8eV) and another in the sub band gap region (< 4.0 eV). Band gap PL along with RRS peaks are reported for the first time. Photoluminescence excitation spectrum (PLE) shows a peak at 4.8 eV. Peak positions and full width at half maximum (FWHM) of RRS peaks depend upon the excitation energy. Dispersions of the fundamental and the third harmonic of the stretching mode of O-H with excitation energy are about 800 cm-1/eV and 2000 cm-1/eV respectively. This dispersion is much higher than reported in any other material.Comment: 20 page

Furnace Oil as an Alternative Fuel in Heating Furnace for Bending Plates

This topic is based on the operation of Heating Furnace for the purpose of bending of the plates in the Industry which is used for Tower Manufacturing. The material or the metal used for the Tower manufacturing are Mild Steel (M.S.) Plates.LPG is commonly used as a fuel in the heating furnace for bending operation. As the cost of LPG affects the production, Furnace Oil as an alternative fuel if considered for the heating furnace operation can be used for bending of plates used in Tower manufacturing. Here, as a consideration of fuel will be on the basis o availability, cost, flash point , calorific value etc