Tissue-specific regulation of IRS-1 in unilaterally nephrectomized rats

FAPESP - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULOCNPQ – CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICOInsulin stimulates the tyrosine kinase activity of its receptor, resulting in the phosphorylation of its cytosolic substrate, insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1). IRS-1 is also a substrate for different peptides and growth factors, and a transgenic mouse knockout for this protein does not have normal growth. However, the role of IRS-1 in kidney hypertrophy and/or hyperplasia was not investigated. In the present study we investigated IRS-1 protein and tyrosine phosphorylation levels in the remnant kidney after unilateral nephrectomy (UNX) in 6-week-old male Wistar rats. After insulin stimulation the levels of insulin receptor and IRS-1 tyrosine phosphorylation were reduced to 79 ± 5% (P<0.005) and 58 ± 6% (P<0.0001), respectively, of the control (C) levels, in the remnant kidney. It is possible that a circulating factor and/or a local (paracrine) factor playing a role in kidney growth can influence the early steps of insulin action in parallel. To investigate the hypothesis of a circulating factor, we studied the early steps of insulin action in liver and muscle of unilateral nephrectomized rats. There was no change in pp185 tyrosine phosphorylation levels in liver (C 100 ± 12% vs UNX 89 ± 9%, NS) and muscle (C 100 ± 22% vs UNX 91 ± 17%, NS), and also there was no change in IRS-1 phosphorylation levels in both tissues. These data demonstrate that after unilateral nephrectomy there is a decrease in insulin-induced insulin receptor and IRS-1 tyrosine phosphorylation levels in kidney but not in liver and muscle. It will be of interest to investigate which factors, probably paracrine ones, regulate these early steps of insulin action in the contralateral kidney of unilaterally nephrectomized rats.Insulin stimulates the tyrosine kinase activity of its receptor, resulting in the phosphorylation of its cytosolic substrate, insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1). IRS-1 is also a substrate for different peptides and growth factors, and a transgenic mouse knockout for this protein does not have normal growth. However, the role of IRS-1 in kidney hypertrophy and/or hyperplasia was not investigated. In the present study we investigated IRS-1 protein and tyrosine phosphorylation levels in the remnant kidney after unilateral nephrectomy (UNX) in 6-week-old male Wistar rats. After insulin stimulation the levels of insulin receptor and IRS-1 tyrosine phosphorylation were reduced to 79 ± 5% (P<0.005) and 58 ± 6% (P<0.0001), respectively, of the control (C) levels, in the remnant kidney. It is possible that a circulating factor and/or a local (paracrine) factor playing a role in kidney growth can influence the early steps of insulin action in parallel. To investigate the hypothesis of a circulating factor, we studied the early steps of insulin action in liver and muscle of unilateral nephrectomized rats. There was no change in pp185 tyrosine phosphorylation levels in liver (C 100 ± 12% vs UNX 89 ± 9%, NS) and muscle (C 100 ± 22% vs UNX 91 ± 17%, NS), and also there was no change in IRS-1 phosphorylation levels in both tissues. These data demonstrate that after unilateral nephrectomy there is a decrease in insulin-induced insulin receptor and IRS-1 tyrosine phosphorylation levels in kidney but not in liver and muscle. It will be of interest to investigate which factors, probably paracrine ones, regulate these early steps of insulin action in the contralateral kidney of unilaterally nephrectomized rats301011631167FAPESP - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULOCNPQ – CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICOFAPESP - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULOCNPQ – CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICOsem informaçãosem informaçã

Magnetic Resonance Image In The Diagnosis And Evaluation Of Extra-prostatic Extension And Involvement Of Seminal Vesicles Of Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review Of Literature And Meta-analysis.

Systematic review of literature and meta-analysis to evaluate the results of magnetic resonance image 1.5T with endorectal coil in the diagnosis and evaluation of extra-prostatic extension and involvement of seminal vesicles of prostate cancer, compared to the histopathological results of the radical prostatectomy specimen. It was conducted a systematic review of literature and meta-analyses of all studies data published after 2008. In those studies, the patients with prostate cancer with indication to radical prostatectomy were submitted to magnetic resonance image (MRI) at pre-operatory period and the results were compared to those of histopathological studies after the surgery. The selected terms for research included prostate cancer, magnetic resonance, radical prostatectomy, and prostate cancer diagnosis, in the databases EMBASE, LILACS, PUBMED/MEDLINE and Cochrane Library. The data were collected using a specific qualitative instrument and the meta-analysis data were presented in the forest plot graphics, homogeneity test and sROC curves and funnel plot. A total of seven studies were included, with a total of 603 patients. Among these studies, six evaluated the value of MRI for the detection of prostate cancer, and the median sensitivity of meta-analysis was 0.6 and specificity 0.58, but with heterogeneity among the studies. Three studies evaluated extra-prostatic extension with a median sensitivity of 0.49, specificity 0.82 and heterogeneity only for sensitivity. Three studies evaluated invasion of seminal vesicles, with median sensitivity of 0.45 and specificity 0.96, with heterogeneity in both analysis. Magnetic resonance of 1.5T with endocoil showed low values of sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis and staging of prostate cancer. The reviewed studies showed a significant heterogeneity among them. The best observed result was MRI specificity for invasion of seminal vesicles. More studies are necessary to evaluate new techniques and parameters before recommending the routine use of MRI in clinical practice.39215516

Cost-effectiveness Analysis Of Adjuvant Anastrozol In Postmenopausal Women With Breast Cancer [estudo De Custo-efetividade Do Anastrozol Adjuvante No Câncer De Mama Em Mulheres Pós-menopausa]

Objectives. Carry out an economic analysis of the incorporation of anastrozole as adjuvant hormone therapy in postmeno-pausal women with breast cancer in a Brazilian setting. Methods. The cost-effectiveness estimate comparing anastrozole to tamoxifen was made from the perspectives of the patient, private health insurance, and government. A Markov model was designed based on data from ATAC trial after 100 months follow-up in a hypothetical cohort of 1000 postmeno-pausal women in Brazil, using outcomes projections for a 25-year period. Resource utilization and associated costs were obtained from preselected sources and specialists' opinions. Treatment costs varied according to the perspective used. The incremental benefit was inserted in the model to obtain the cost of quality-adjusted life-year gained (QALY). Results. Benefit extrapolations for a 25-year time line showed an estimate of 0.29 QALY gained with anastrozole compared to tamoxifen. The cost-effectiveness ratio per QALY gained depended on which perspective was used. There was an increment of R$32.403,00/QALY in the public health system/ government, R$ 32.230,00/QALY for private health system, and R$ 55.270,00/QALY for patients. Conclusion. The benefit from adjuvant anastrozole in post-menopausal patients with breast cancer is associated to major differences in cost-effectiveness ratio and varies with the different perspectives. According to current WHO parameters, the increment is considered acceptable under public and private health system perspectives, but not from that of the patient.555535540(2006), http:www.inca.gov.br/estimativa, Instituto Nacional do Câncer - INCA, Estimativa 2008: incidência de cancer no Brasil. 2008 [citado 01 set 2008]. Disponível emBanco de dados do Registro Hospitalar de Câncer. 2008, , http://www.fosp.saude.sp.gov.br, Fundação Oncocentro do Estado de São Paulo - FOSP, [citado 15 ago 2008]. Disponível emKapoor, A., Vogel, V.G., Prognostic factors for breast cancer and their use in the clinical setting (2005) Expert Rev Anticancer Ther., 5 (2), pp. 269-81Hochster, H.S., Capecitabine plus oxaliplatin vs infusional 5-fluorouracil plus oxaliplatin in the treatment of colorectal cancer. Con: Pumpin FU (or, avoiding that oral fixation) (2005) Clin Adv Hematol Oncol., 3 (5), pp. 405-6Rochefort, H., Borgna, J.L., Differences between oestrogen receptor activation by oestrogen and antioestrogen (1981) Nature, 292 (5820), pp. 257-9Forbes, J.F., Cuzick, J., Buzdar, A., Howell, A., Tobias, J.S., Baum, M., Effect of anas-trozole and tamoxifen as adjuvant treatment for early-stage breast cancer: 100-month analysis of the ATAC trial (2008) Lancet Oncol., 9 (1), pp. 45-53Howell, A., Cuzick, J., Baum, M., Buzdar, A., Dowsett, M., Forbes, J.F., Results of the ATAC (Arimidex, Tamoxifen, Alone or in Combination) trial after completion of 5 years adjuvant treatment for breast cancer (2005) Lancet, 365 (9453), pp. 60-2Duffy, S.R., Distler, W., Howell, A., Cuzick, J., Baum, M., A lower incidence of gynecologic adverse events and interventions with anastrozole than with tamoxifen in the ATAC trial (2009) Am J Obstet Gynecol., 200 (1). , 80 e1-7Colozza, M., Califano, R., Minenza, E., Dinh, P., Azambuja, E., Aromatase inhibitors: A new reality for the adjuvant endocrine treatment of early-stage breast cancer in postmenopausal women (2008) Mini Rev Med Chem., 8 (6), pp. 564-74Balducci, L., Treating elderly patients with hormone sensitive breast cancer: What do the data show? (2009) Cancer Treat Rev., 35 (1), pp. 47-56Buzdar, A., Howell, A., Cuzick, J., Wale, C., Distler, W., Hoctin-Boes, G., Comprehensive side-effect profile of anastrozole and tamoxifen as adjuvant treatment for early-stage breast cancer: Long-term safety analysis of the ATAC trial (2006) Lancet Oncol., 7 (8), pp. 633-43Mano, M., The burden of scientific progress: Growing inequalities in the delivery of cancer care (2006) Acta Oncol., 45 (1), pp. 84-6Barros, A.J., Bertoldi, A.D., Out-of-pocket health expenditurein a population covered by the Family Health Program in Brazil (2008) Int J Epidemiol., 37 (4), pp. 758-65Mansel, R., Locker, G., Fallowfield, L., Benedict, A., Jones, D., Cost-effectiveness analysis of anastrozole vs tamoxifen in adjuvant therapy for early stage breast cancer in the United Kingdom: The 5-year completed treatment analysis of the ATAC (Arimidex, Tamoxifen alone or in combination) trial (2007) Br J Cancer, 97 (2), pp. 152-61Moeremans, K., Annemans, L., Cost-effectiveness of anastrozole compared to tamoxifen in hormone receptor-positive early breast cancer. Analysis based on the ATAC trial (2006) Int J Gynecol Cancer, 16 (SUPPL. 2), pp. 576-8Locker, G.Y., Mansel, R., Cella, D., Dobrez, D., Sorensen, S., Gandhi, S.K., Cost-effectiveness analysis of anastrozole versus tamoxifen as primary adjuvant therapy for postmenopausal women with early breast cancer: A US healthcare system perspective. The 5-year completed treatment analysis of the ATAC (Arimidex, Tamoxifen Alone or in Combination) trial (2007) Breast Cancer Res Treat, 106 (2), pp. 229-38Rocchi, A., Verma, S., Anastrozole is cost-effective vs tamoxifen as initial adjuvant therapy in early breast cancer: Canadian perspectives on the ATAC completed- treatment analysis (2006) Support Care Cancer, 14 (9), pp. 917-27Sonnenberg, F.A., Beck, J.R., Markov models in medical decision making: A practical guide (1993) Med Decis Making, 13 (4), pp. 322-38Kamby, C., Sengelov, L., Pattern of dissemination and survival following isolated locoregional recurrence of breast cancer. A prospective study with more than 10 years of follow up (1997) Breast Cancer Res Treat, 45 (2), pp. 181-92Anexo da Revista ABCFARMA - Lista de Preços. Fevereiro 2008. Ano 16, Edição 198Associação Médica Brasileira. Classificação Brasileira Hierarquizada de Procedimentos Médicos. Setembro 2008, 5a. edição. ISBN 85-89073-03-3Sorensen, S.V., Benedict, A., Flood, D., Revicki, D., Brown, R., Patient-rated utilities in postmenopausal early breast cancer (EBC): A cross-country comparison (2004) Value Health, 7 (6), pp. 641-2Muennig, P., (2002) Designing and conducting cost-effectiveness analyses in medicine and health careMeropol, N.J., Schulman, K.A., Cost of cancer care: Issues and implications (2007) J Clin Oncol., 25 (2), pp. 180-6Rawlins, M., Paying for modern cancer care--a global perspective (2007) Lancet Oncol., 8 (9), pp. 749-5

Duration Of Chemotherapy For Metastatic Non-small-cell Lung Cancer: More May Be Not Better

[No abstract available]2735Soon, Y.Y., Stockler, M.R., Askie, L.M., Duration of chemotherapy for advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials (2009) J Clin Oncol, 27, pp. 3277-3283Chemotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer: A meta-analysis using updated data on individual patients from 52 randomised clinical trials: Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Collaborative Group (1995) BMJ, 311, pp. 899-909Ciuleanu, T.E., Brodowicz, C., Belani, C.P., Maintenance pemetrexed plus best supportive care (BSC) versus placebo plus BSC: A phase III study (2008) J Clin Oncol, 26. , abstr 8011, 426sLima, J.P., dos Santos, L.V., Sasse, E.C., Optimal duration of first-line chemotherapy for advanced non-small cell lung cancer: A systematic review with meta-analysis (2009) Eur J Cancer, 45, pp. 601-60

Camptothecins Compared With Etoposide In Combination With Platinum Analog In Extensive Stage Small Cell Lung Cancer: Systematic Review With Meta-analysis

Superiority of camptothecin regimens over etoposide-both combined with platinum analogs-in extensive disease small cell lung cancer has been a matter of debate with contradictory findings in randomized trials. A systematic review was sought to elucidate this issue. Methods: Randomized controlled trials comparing first-line camptothecin-platinum doublets versus etoposide-platinum doublets in patients with extensive disease small cell lung cancer were searched in MEDLINE, EMBASE, LILACS, and CENTRAL databases, European Society of Medical Oncology, American Society of Clinical Oncology, and International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer meeting sites. Meta-analyses were performed using fixed-effects model. Subgroup analyses were undertaken comparing each type of camptothecin to etoposide-based regimens. The outcomes of interest were overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), response rate (RR), and toxicities. Results: Eight studies (3086 patients) were included. The meta-analysis of topotecan regimens (TP) was not reliable due to impending heterogeneity. Meta-analysis of trials testing irinotecan combinations (IP) versus etoposide regimens (EP; 1561 patients) stated an OS improvement in favor of IP arm, though with considerable heterogeneity, whose origin seemed to be a Japanese trial. In the analyses without that study (1407 patients left), IP brought a significant improvement in OS (hazard ratio = 0.87; 95% confidence interval 0.78-0.97; p = 0.02; I 2 = 0). IP also increased PFS (hazard ratio = 0.83; 95% confidence interval 0.73-0.95; p = 0.006; I 2 = 0%). There was no impact in RR (absolute RR 56% with IP; 53% with EP; p = 0.17). IP caused more diarrhea (p < 0.0001) but less hematological toxicities (p < 0.001) than EP. Conclusions: The present meta-analysis demonstrates statistically significant OS and PFS benefits of IP over EP regimens in western and eastern patients. Specific characteristics of safety profile should be taken into account when administrating IP chemotherapy. Copyright © 2010 by the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer.51219861993Parkin, D.M., Bray, F., Ferlay, J., Global cancer statistics 2002 (2005) CA Cancer J. Clin., 55, pp. 74-108Lara Jr., P.N., Natale, R., Crowley, J., Phase III trial of irinotecan/ cisplatin compared with etoposide/cisplatin in extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer: Clinical and pharmacogenomic results from SWOG S0124 (2009) J. Clin. 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Pharmacoeconomic Evaluation Of Eligard® And Other Lhrh Analogues As Androgen Deprivation Therapy For Advanced And Metastatic Prostate Cancer [avaliação Farmacoeconômica De Diferentes Apresentações De Eligard® E Outros Análogos Lhrh Para Supressão Androgênica Em Pacientes Com Câncer De Próstata Avançado Ou Metastático]

[No abstract available]715135141Siegel, R., Ma, J., Zou, Z., Jemal, A., Cancer statistics, 2014 (2014) CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians, 64, pp. 9-29Cooperberg, M.R., Lubeck, D.P., Meng, M.V., Mehta, S.S., Carroll, P.R., The changing face of low-risk prostate cancer: Trends in clinical presentation and primary management (2004) Journal of Clinical Oncology, 22 (11), pp. 2141-2149. , DOI 10.1200/JCO.2004.10.062Rodrigues, N.A., Chen, M.-H., Catalona, W.J., Roehl, K.A., Richie, J.P., D'Amico, A.V., Predictors of mortality after androgen-deprivation therapy in patients with rapidly rising prostate-specific antigen levels after local therapy for prostate cancer (2006) Cancer, 107 (3), pp. 514-520. , DOI 10.1002/cncr.22018White, J.W., I. The Results of Double Castration in Hypertrophy of the Prostate (1895) Annals of Surgery, 22, pp. 1-80Huggins, C., Hodges, C.V., Studies on prostatic cancer: I. The effect of castration, of estrogen and of androgen injection on serum phosphatases in metastatic carcinoma of the prostate. 1941 (2002) The Journal of Urology, 168, pp. 9-12Seidenfeld, J., Samson, D.J., Hasselblad, V., Aronson, N., Albertsen, P.C., Bennett, C.L., Wilt, T.J., Single-therapy androgen suppression in men with advanced prostate cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis (2000) Annals of Internal Medicine, 132 (7), pp. 566-577Conn, P.M., Crowley Jr., W.F., Gonadotropin-releasing hormone and its analogues (1991) N Engl J Med, 324, pp. 93-103Lepor, H., Comparison of single-agent androgen suppression for advanced prostate cancer (2005) Reviews in Urology, 7 (SUPPL. 5), pp. S3-S12Fleming, M.T., Morris, M.J., Heller, G., Scher, H.I., Post-therapy changes in PSA as an outcome measure in prostate cancer clinical trials (2006) Nature Clinical Practice Oncology, 3 (12), pp. 658-667. , DOI 10.1038/ncponc0664, PII NCPONC0664Sartor, O., Eligard: Leuprolide acetate in a novel sustained-release delivery system (2003) Urology, 61 (2 SUPPL.), pp. 25-31. , DOI 10.1016/S0090-4295(02)02396-8, PII S0090429502023968Eisenberger, M.A., Blumenstein, B.A., Crawford, E.D., Miller, G., McLeod, D.G., Loehrer, P.J., Wilding, G., Lowe, B.A., Bilateral orchiectomy with or without flutamide for metastatic prostate cancer (1998) New England Journal of Medicine, 339 (15), pp. 1036-1042. , DOI 10.1056/NEJM199810083391504Berthold, D.R., Pond, G.R., Soban, F., De Wit, R., Eisenberger, M., Tannock, I.F., Docetaxel plus prednisone or mitoxantrone plus prednisone for advanced prostate cancer: Updated survival in the TAX 327 study (2008) J Clin Oncol, 26, pp. 242-245Tannock, I.F., De Wit, R., Berry, W.R., Horti, J., Pluzanska, A., Chi, K.N., Oudard, S., Eisenberger, M.A., Docetaxel plus prednisone or mitoxantrone plus prednisone for advanced prostate cancer (2004) New England Journal of Medicine, 351 (15), pp. 1502-1512. , DOI 10.1056/NEJMoa040720De Bono, J.S., Logothetis, C.J., Molina, A., Abiraterone and increased survival in metastatic prostate cancer (2011) N Engl J Med, 364, pp. 1995-2005Ryan, C.J., Smith, M.R., De Bono, J.S., Abiraterone in metastatic prostate cancer without previous chemotherapy (2013) N Engl J Med, 368, pp. 138-148Kelly, W.K., Halabi, S., Carducci, M., Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase III trial comparing docetaxel and prednisone with or without bevacizumab in men with metastatic castrationresistant prostate cancer: CALGB 90401 (2012) J Clin Oncol, 30, pp. 1534-1540De Bono, J.S., Oudard, S., Ozguroglu, M., Prednisone plus cabazitaxel or mitoxantrone for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer progressing after docetaxel treatment: A randomised open-label trial (2010) Lancet, 376, pp. 1147-1154Wex, J., Sidhu, M., Odeyemi, I., Abou-Setta, A.M., Retsa, P., Tombal, B., Leuprolide acetate 1-, 3- and 6-monthly depot formulations in androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer in nine European countries: Evidence review and economic evaluation (2013) Clinico-Economics and Outcomes Research: CEOR, 5, pp. 257-26

Tissue-specific regulation of IRS-1 in unilaterally nephrectomized rats

Insulin stimulates the tyrosine kinase activity of its receptor, resulting in the phosphorylation of its cytosolic substrate, insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1). IRS-1 is also a substrate for different peptides and growth factors, and a transgenic mouse "knockout" for this protein does not have normal growth. However, the role of IRS-1 in kidney hypertrophy and/or hyperplasia was not investigated. In the present study we investigated IRS-1 protein and tyrosine phosphorylation levels in the remnant kidney after unilateral nephrectomy (UNX) in 6-week-old male Wistar rats. After insulin stimulation the levels of insulin receptor and IRS-1 tyrosine phosphorylation were reduced to 79 ± 5% (P<0.005) and 58 ± 6% (P<0.0001), respectively, of the control (C) levels, in the remnant kidney. It is possible that a circulating factor and/or a local (paracrine) factor playing a role in kidney growth can influence the early steps of insulin action in parallel. To investigate the hypothesis of a circulating factor, we studied the early steps of insulin action in liver and muscle of unilateral nephrectomized rats. There was no change in pp185 tyrosine phosphorylation levels in liver (C 100 ± 12% vs UNX 89 ± 9%, NS) and muscle (C 100 ± 22% vs UNX 91 ± 17%, NS), and also there was no change in IRS-1 phosphorylation levels in both tissues. These data demonstrate that after unilateral nephrectomy there is a decrease in insulin-induced insulin receptor and IRS-1 tyrosine phosphorylation levels in kidney but not in liver and muscle. It will be of interest to investigate which factors, probably paracrine ones, regulate these early steps of insulin action in the contralateral kidney of unilaterally nephrectomized rats

Prostate Cancer: Evidence Based Clinical Practice [cáncer De Próstata: Práctica Clínica Basada En La Evidencia]

Objectives: Evidence-based medicine allows the best available external clinical evidence from systematic literature research to be graded In order to determine the strength of Its recommendation. This guideline alms to assist physicians and health professionals In clinical decisions related to prostate cancer treatment, particularly In urology, clinical oncology and radiotherapy. Methods: The publications used as Information sources were obtained from structured data search In electronic databases, such as CENTRAL (Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Clinical Trials) and MEDLINE (online). Each Item of this guideline derived from an original question which was distributed to the participants. Search strategies were prepared to select the studies presenting the best methodological quality, according to predefined levels of evidence. Results: All the recommendations were followed by a level of evidence (LE) and a degree of recommendation (DR). We used a formal ranking system to help the reader to judge the strength of the evidence behind the results published In support of each recommendation. Conclusions: The existing parameters should be viewed as guidelines of conduct. 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Chicago - USACookson, M.S., Aus, G., Burnett, A.L., Canby-Hagino, E.D., D'Amico, A.V., Dmochowski, R.R., Variation in the definition of biochemical recurrence in patients treated for localized prostate cancer: The american urological association prostate guidelines for localized prostate cancer update Panel report and recommendations for a standard in the reporting of suDRical outcomes (2007) J Urol., 177 (2), pp. 540-545. , FebSandler, H.M., EisenbeDRer, M.A., Assessing and treating patients with increasing prostate specific antigen following radical prostatectomy (2007) J Urol., 178 PART 2 (3), pp. S20-24. , SepMaximum androgen blockade in advanced prostate cancer: An overview of the randomised trials (2000) Prostate Cancer Trialists' Collaborative Group, Lancet., 355 (9214), pp. 1491-1498. , Apr 29Seidenfeld, J., Samson, D.J., Hasselblad, V., Aronson, N., Albertsen, P.C., Bennett, C.L., Single-therapy androgen suppression in men with advanced prostate cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis (2000) Annals of Internal Medicine, 132 (7), pp. 566-577. , Apr 4Randomised prospective study of intermittent versus continuous androgen suppression in advanced prostate cancer (2007) 2007 ASCO Annual Meeting, , Miller K, Steiner U, Lingnau A, Keilholz U, Witzsch U, Haider A, et al., editors. Chicago - USARyan, C.J., Small, E.J., Role of secondary hormonal therapy in the management of recurrent prostate cancer Urology. 2003, 62 SUPPL. 1, pp. 87-94. , Dec 29Tannock, I.F., De Wit R, Berry, W.R., Horti, J., Pluzanska, A., Chi, K.N., Docetaxel plus prednisone or mitoxantrone plus prednisone for advanced prostate cancer (2004) N Engl J Med., 351 (15), pp. 1502-1512. , Oct 7Kaasa, S., Brenne, E., Lund, J.A., Fayers, P., Falkmer, U., HolmbeDR, M., Prospective randomised multicenter trial on single fraction radiotherapy (8 Gy × 1) versus multiple fractions (3 Gy × 10) in the treatment of painful bone metastases (2006) Radiother Oncol., 79 (3), pp. 278-284. , JunSaad, F., Gleason, D.M., Murray, R., Tchekmedyian, S., Venner, P., Lacombe, L., Long-term efficacy of zoledronic acid for the prevention of skeletal complications in patients with metastatic hormone-refractory prostate cancer (2004) Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 96 (11), pp. 879-882. , Jun 2Sartor, O., Reid, R.H., Hoskin, P.J., Quick, D.P., Ell, P.J., Coleman, R.E., Samarium-153-Lexidronam complex for treatment of painful bone metastases in hormone-refractory prostate cancer (2004) Urology., 63 (5), pp. 940-945. , MayMoróte, J., Morin, J.P., Orsola, A., Abascal, J.M., Salvador, C., Trilla, E., Prevalence of osteoporosis during long-term androgen deprivation therapy in patients with prostate cancer (2007) Urology., 69 (3), pp. 500-504. , Ma