Silk Degumming with Dried Latex of Carica Papaya Linn

Degumming process is a fundamental finishing process for silk yarn and silk fabric. The main objective is scouring the substrate such as silk gum (sericin), wax and some impurities from silk fiber.Degumming process is a fundamental finishing process for silk yarn and silk fabric. The main objective is scouring the substrate such as silk gum (sericin), wax and some impurities from silk fiber. The principle of degumming process is breaking the peptide linkage of amino acid in sericin structure into a small molecule, which is soluble in water. The hydrolysis reaction performed by acid and alkaline, but they have a big problem on the surface area of silk. Proteolytic enzyme be used to solve this problem but it has some disvantages such as it was using a specific condition and expensive. For this reason, this research chooses papain enzyme form dried latex of Carica payapa Linn. to degum the raw silk. The efficiency of degumming process was evaluated by determination of tensile strength and staining test with direct dyes (C.I. Direct Red 80). The result was revealed; the appropriate conditions for silk degumming with dried Carica payapa Linn.’s latex be recommended as follows: the amount of dried latex solution of 4 % owf at 75 degree Celsius for 30 minutes, in this condition was not harm to strength and fiber surface. The degummed fibers still had lustrous, soft and smooth surface

Impact from Unrest Situations in the Southernmost Provinces on Stress and Coping, Quality of Life and Nursing Administration as Perceived

The purposes of this descriptive research were to study the impact of the unrest situations in the southernmost provinces of Thailand on: 1) the stress of nurse administrators; 2) their methods of coping with the stress; 3) the effect on their quality of life; and 4) the impact on nursing administration. The sample consisted of a group of 72 nurse administrators in the southernmost provinces. The instrument used in this study was a questionnaire consisting of five parts. Part 1 collected demographic data; part 2 surveyed stress; part 3 examined how the participants coped with the stress; part 4 surveyed the quality of life of the participants; and part 5 was a focus-group interview regarding the nursing administration process. The data of parts 1 to part 4 were collected by self-report questionnaires, and were analyzed by frequency, percent, mean, and standard deviation; while the data for part 5 were obtained by eight focus-group interviews with 45 out of 72 nurse administrators, and were analyzed by content analysis. The results showed that a majority of the sample perceived overall stress, coping with the stress, and quality of life to be at moderate levels. The themes that emerged from the focus-group interviews reflected both pros and cons of nursing administration. Nurse administrators can use them as a guide for modifying nursing management skills in order to provide effective care despite the limited resources and pressures in these southernmost provinces

Fabrication of Silk Fibroin Nanofibres by Needleless Electrospinning

Silk fibroin nanofibres were fabricated using a needleless electrospinning technique. The procedure focused on a new method for the preparation of a spinning solution from silk fibroin. The role of the concentration of silk fibroin solution, applied voltage and spinning distance were investigated as a function of the morphology of the obtained fibres and the spinning performance of the electrospinning process. The biocompatibility of the obtained fibre sheets was evaluated using an in vitro testing method with MG‐63 osteoblasts. The solvent system consisted of formic acid and calcium chloride that can dissolve silk fibroin at room temperature, and a rate of 0.25 g of calcium chloride per 1 g of silk fibroin was required to obtain a completely dissolved silk fibroin solution. The diameters of the silk electrospun fibres obtained from the formic acid–calcium chloride solvent system ranged from 100 to 2400 nm, depending on the spinning parameters. Furthermore, increasing the concentration of the silk fibroin solution and the applied voltage improved spinning ability and spinning performance in needleless electrospinning. In addition, in vitro tests with living cells showed that the obtained electrospun fibre sheets were highly biocompatible with MG‐63 osteoblasts

Příprava netkaných textilií s obsahem hedvábných vláken získaných metodou elektrostatického zvlákňování

Tato dizertační práce se zabývá výrobou nanovlákenných vrstev z fibroinu z přírodního hedvábí (silk fibroin, dále jen SF), a směsí SF s polykaprolaktonem (PCL) připravené metodou bezjehlového elektrostatického zvlákňování (technologie NanospiderTM). V procesu zvlákňování byla zkoumána inovativní metoda přípravy zvlákňovacího roztoku SF za použití rozpouštědla ve formě směsi kyseliny mravenčí a chloridu vápenatého. Výzkum byl zaměřen na vliv koncentrace roztoku fibroinu, použitého napětí a vzdálenosti elektrod na morfologii vzniklých vláken i na samotný proces zvlákňování. In vitro testy za použití 3T3 myších fibroblastů, lidských kožních fibroblastů, MG 63 osteoblastů a lidských endotelových buněk z pupečníkové žíly byly zvoleny pro hodnocení biokompatibility vlákenných vrstev. Dále byla sledována pevnost v tahu a hydrofilita spolu s dalšími fyzikální vlastnostmi vytvořených vlákenných vrstev. Rozpouštědlový systém, který sestával z kyseliny mravenčí a chloridu vápenatého, byl schopen rozpustit SF za pokojové teploty při použití poměru 0,25 g chloridu vápenatého na 1 g SF. Tento rozpouštědlový systém je vhodný pro nanovláken metodou elektrostatického zvlákňování na poloprovozní jednotce Superlab.Průměr vláken, získaných za použití zmíněného rozpouštědlového systému, se pohyboval v rozmezí 100 nm až 2400 nm v závislosti na parametrech zvlákňovacího procesu. Pro přípravu nanovláken prostřednictvím bezjehlového zvlákňování byla optimální koncentrace SF od 8% hmot. do 12% hmot. S rostoucí koncentrací a napětím se zlepšovala zvláknitelnost roztoku a produktivita zvlákňovacího procesu. Zatímco vlákna ze samotného SF měla špatné mechanické vlastnosti, ukázalo se, že ve směsi s PCL docházelo k výraznému zlepšení. Průměr směsných nanovláken byl nižší a pružnost těchto vrstev byla vyšší než v případě čistého SF. Se zvyšujícím se podílem PCL však docházelo ke zhoršení zvlákňovacího procesu.Nanovlákenné vrstvy z čistého SF a ze směsi SF a PCL jsou materiály s potenciálem pro využití v biomedicínských aplikacích, jako jsou kryty ran nebo tkáňové inženýrství zaměřené na regeneraci kostních tkání. In vitro testy s živými buňkami, především MG 63 osteoblasty, potvrdily velmi dobrou biokompatibilitu připravených nanovlákenných vrstev. PCL/SF nanovlákna navíc našla své uplatnění jako nosič pro imobilizaci lakázy Trametes versicolor. Nejen že se tato směsná nanovlákna uplatnila jako nosič pro enzym, ale zároveň měla imobilizovaná lakáza velmi dobré výsledky v oblasti degradace endokrinních disruptorů (bisfenol A a 17?-ethinyl estradiol). Imobilizace lakázy na PCL/SF nanovlákna má potenciál pro využití při čištění odpadních vod.This dissertation was concerned and focused a fabrication of a silk fibroin (SF) nonwoven sheet and its blending with polycaprolactone (PCL) via a needleless electrospinning technique (technology Nanospider?). The procedure concentrated on a novel method for the preparation of a spinning solution from silk fibroin, by using a mixture of formic acid and calcium chloride as a solvent. The role of concentration of silk fibroin solution, applied voltage and spinning distance are investigated as a function of the morphology of obtained fibres and the spinning performance of the electrospinning process. Biocompatibility of the obtained fibre sheets that resulted from the experiment was evaluated by in vitro testing method, with 3T3 mouse fibroblasts, normal human dermal fibroblasts, MG 63 osteoblasts and human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Tensile strength and hydrophilicity as well as physical properties evaluation of electrospun fibre sheets were performed. The solvent system consists of formic acid and calcium chloride that can dissolve SF at room temperature, a rate of 0.25 gram of calcium chloride per 1 gram of silk fibroin is required to obtain the completely dissolved silk fibroin solution. This solvent system could be potentially employed and used for a preparation of silk fibroin solution for a large-scale production of silk nanofibres, with a needleless electrospinning method. The diameters of the silk electrospun fibres obtained from the formic acid-calcium chloride solvent system had a diameter ranging from 100 nm to 2400 nm depending upon the spinning parameters. Concentrations of silk fibroin in the range of 8 wt% to 12 wt% seem to be a suitable concentration for the preparation of a nanofibre sheet, with needleless electrospinning. Furthermore, increasing the concentration of the silk fibroin solution and the applied voltage improved the spinning ability and the spinning performance in needleless electrospinning. Pure silk fibroin electrospun fibres have poor mechanical properties, while research indicates blending PCL with silk fibroin can improve mechanical properties significantly. The diameters of the blended SF/PCL electrospun fibres were smaller and the elasticity was greater than the pure SF elctrospun fibres. However, an increase of PCL content in the blended solution affected the spinning performance of the process. The spinning performance of the electrospinning process tends to decrease as the polycaprolactone content in the blended solution increases.Silk electrospun fibre sheets and its blends with PCL are promising materials for the biomedical applications such as wound dressing and bone tissue engineering. In vitro tests with living cells show very good biocompatibility of the electrospun fibre sheets, especially with MG 63 osteoblasts. In addition, the PCL/SF blend fibre sheets have been applied as supports for immobilization of laccase from Trametes versicolor. The blended fibre sheet were suitable for enzyme immobilization and the blended fibre sheets with the laccase immobilized showed very good results in the degradation of endocrine disrupting chemicals (bisphenol A and 17?-ethinyl estradiol). The laccase immobilization onto the PCL/SF blend fibre sheets seems to be a promising system for bioremediation of wastewater treatment

การเตรียมผ้าไม่ทอจากใบอ้อย

รายงานวิจัย -- มหาวิทยาลัยเทคโนโลยีราชมงคลพระนคร, 2552This research was concerned with the fiber separation and non-woven preparation form sugar cane's leaves. The separation process was carried out by chemical pulping method at 100 degree Celsius. In order to study the suitable condition for separation process, the concentration of sodium hydroxide ranging from 0 -20 grams per liter and boiling time 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 105 and 120 minutes were performed. Web formation process was performed by wet laid method and polyvinyl alcohol was selected as binder in web bonding process. in order to study the suitable amount of binder in bonding process, concentration of polyvinyl alcohol ranging from 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 % w/v coated on web surface and cured at 120 degree Celsius. Bursting strength as well as physical properties evaluation of non-woven fabrics was performed. For antimicrobial finishing process was performed by spray method and pad method. The finishing result was evaluated by MTCC test method 147-1998 (Qualitative) and 100 -1999 (Quantitative) The result was found that appropriate condition for fiber separation was recommended as follows: the amount of sodium hydroxide of 10 grams per liter and boiling time 60 minutes. The suitable amount of polyvinyl alcohol for web bonding process was 2 % w/v. Bursting strength of non-woven fabric was 53 kN/m 3 and padding method was a suitable method for antimicrobial finishing (antimicrobial area 0.3 millimeters )Rajamangala University of Technology Phra Nakho

การพัฒนาสารข้นจากแป้งกลอย

รายงานวิจัย -- มหาวิทยาลัยเทคโนโลยีราชมงคลพระนคร, 2553Thickening agent is a substance, when it was using to increase viscosity of an aqueous solution but other properties were not substantially modifying. it had major roles in textile printing process via adjust the print paste viscosity. transfer dye and auxiliaries into fabric. Thickening agent type starch had used in textile printing but it was a troublesome production also high cost. In this research had and feasible study to placement of dry Dioscorea hispida Dennst for textile printing processes such as direct dye and reactive dye printing on cotton woven fabric, acid dye printing on nylon woven fabric, and disperse dye on polyester woven fabric. The results found, dry Dioscorea hispida Dennst successfully applied used as thickening agent, stable time to collected as 3 days. The textile printing quality and viscosity propertied equivalent as the industrial thickener at 10% of weight print paste (owp). The steam fixation applied for direct dye and reactive dye printing at 100c for 10 minutes, and gor flue fixation foracid dye and disperses dye and disperses dye printing at 150c for 5 minutes. The printed quality was good at rubbing fastness, true color appearance. Theresidual paste was removed completely in washing off process.Rajamangala University of Technology Phra Nakho

การบำบัดน้ำเสียจากกระบวนการฟอกย้อมด้วยเทคนิคโฟโตแคตตาไลติคร่วมกับกระบวนการดูดซับ

รายงานวิจัย -- มหาวิทยาลัยเทคโนโลยีราชมงคลพระนคร, 2553Dye effluent treatment with photocatalytic technique and adsorption process had an objective for studying the combination process between Titanium dioxide and activated carbon from dye effluent. The dye effluents were prepared from the direct dye, reactive dye, acid dye, disperse dye, and basic dye. The effluent dyes from the completely dyeing process at 1 % owf initially. All of dye structures were azo. From the study, direct dye and reactive were successfully using combination process between photocatalytic technique and adsorption process whereas disperse dye favored in adsorption process. However, acid dye and basic were ignored in this experiment cause of they were a bit of dye concentration in their effluent. The optimum condition for direct dye was 10g/l Titanium dioxide for 6 hours and 5 g/l activated carbon for 6 hours continuously. Reactive dye was performed in continuous condition as 10g/l Titanium dioxide for 6 hours and 10 g/l activated carbon for 6 hours. Disperse dye was the particular process in adsorption by activated carbon 15 g/l for 4 hours. It was summarized that the treatment of photocatalytic technique and adsorption process were upon on the type of dye.Rajamangala University of Technology Phra Nakho

การผลิตกระดาษผักตบชวาเพื่องานบรรจุภัณฑ์

รายงานวิจัย -- มหาวิทยาลัยเทคโนโลยีราชมงคลพระนคร, 2554งานวิจัยนี้เรื่องการพัฒนากระดาษผักตบชวาเพื่องานบรรจุภัณฑ์ ได้แนวคิดจาการนำผักตบชวามาใช้ประโยชน์ แต่จากการศึกษาที่ผ่านมาพบว่าปริมาณเยื่อผักตบชวามีน้อยจึงมีแนวคิดที่จะเพิ่มปริมาณเยื่อด้วยวัสดุเหลือใช้จากการเกษตรเช่นสับปะรดและกล้วย การทดลองทำโดยการเตรียมเส้นใยด้วยโซเดียมไฮดรอกไซด์ปริมาณ 10 g/1 อุณหภูมิ 100 C เวลา 3 ชั่วโมง ฟอกเยื่อด้วยไฮโดรเจนเปอร์ออกไซดฺปริมาณ 5 g/1 อุณหภูมิ 90 C เวลา 30 นาที และเพิ่มคุณสมบัติด้านการกระจายเยื่อด้วยสารช่วยกระจายเยื่อ (Acramin) 5 g/1 และสารเพิ่มความแข็งแรง (น้ำถ่านกัมมันต์) 5%w/v จากการศึกษาพบว่า กระดาษที่มีคุณสมบัติเหมาะสมต่อการสำไปในงานบรรจุภัณฑ์ได้ องค์ประกอบดังนี้ ปริมาณเส้นใยฝักตบชวา 70 % เส้นใยสับปะรด 10 % เส้นใยกล้วย 20 % เพิ่ม คุณสมบัติด้านการกระจายตัวด้วย Acramin 5 g/1 เพิ่มความแข็งแรงด้วย น้ำถ่านกัมมันต์ 5 %w/v กระดาษที่ได้เที่ยมเท่าคุณสมบัติของกระดาษคราฟท์ K1 คือ ความหนา 0.537 มิลลิเมตร ความต้านทางแรงดันทะลุ 35.4 กิโลนิวตันต่อตารางเมตร ความคงทนต่อการฉีดขาด 356 มิลลินิวตัน น้ำหนัก 185 กรัมต่อตารางเมตร มีความเหมาะสมที่จะนำไปใช้งานเป็นกล่องสินค้าทั่วไป หรือกล่องสำเร็จรูปRajamangala University of Technology Phra Nakho