Fusion of Steganography Digital Watermarking Data Hidden In Patient Medical Image using PPC Approach

Privacy is a critical issue when the patient message storage or processing to the medical services. Digital Image processing is the quick emerging area of medical science. The improvement of image processing was given by the technology improvement like digital visualizing, computer processor and large storage devices. Image processing allowed to compute the image in multidimensional within the system. First, the real problem becomes many severe due to the decrease of visual proofs in telehealth applications. A watermark is a protect message that message hidden into a mask message. Digital image watermarks are used for check the approval of the carrier signal for confirmation of the owners. In order to give information honesty, confidentiality and authentication various approaches are accessible like networking side cryptography, image processing side steganography and digital watermarking. To protect the patient message in telehealth, hidden into a mask message is recently used. Patient details are watermark within the cover medical image. The public and personal key cryptography (PPC) is insufficient for providing the trust a patient may attain during a face-to-face service

Formulation Development and Evaluation of Taste Masked Chewable Tablet of Sildenafil Citrate

AIM AND OBJECTIVE: The main aim and objective of this study is to formulate and evaluate chewable tablet of taste masking sildenafil citrate. REASON FOR SELECTION OF CHEWABLE TABLETS OF TASTE MASKING SILDENAFIL CITRATE Clinically selective inhibitor of phosphodiesterase type 5 enzymes (PDE5) is extensively used for the treatment of erectile dysfunction. Conventional sildenafil citrate tablet available in the marked are not suitable where onset of action is slow. Thus chewable tablet achieve high bioavailability and rapid onset of action. Particularly one that disintegrates and dissolves or disperses in saliva and administered without need of water. It has unacceptable taste and present study to formulate the chewable tablet with taste masked. My attempt was made in the present work to formulate and evaluate chewable tablet of sildenafil citrate. "Generally, in man, oral administration of the phospho diesterase inhibitors is the preferred route, being the most convenient and avoiding the disadvantages associated with intra cutaneous administration. Phospho diesterase inhibitors include drugs such as Sildenafil Citrate and they are available in the market in form of a filmcoated tablet, wherein, film-coating has to dissolve and tablet has to disintegrate into granules and further the drug has to release for dissolution in acidic media of stomach. Normal mouth dispersible tablets release the drug for absorption in oral cavity. Further Sildenafil is very bitter to taste PDE inhibitors. Hence formulation development is very critical. Effectiveness of any phospho diesterase inhibitor formulation will depend upon initial complexation to the extent necessary to bypass complex after pH adjustment in digestive tract. Dispersible tablets are the formulations that elude the process of disintegration that occurs with conventional formulation, dispersible tablets are formulated to make the drug product bio-available at a faster rate for immediate action. In the present study of sildenafil citrate was designed, for the following reasons. Sildenafil citrate pure drugs are bitter taste. Ph-modification method. Higher dosage forms are administered into the chewable tablet form. Prevent from into the first pass metabolism. High solubility and high permeability. Sildenafil citrate is used in the treatment of erectile dysfunction and also used into the pulmonary hypertension. Sildenafil citrate has a vasodilator properties resulting in mild and transient decrease in the blood pressure. Quick on set of action. MORINGA OLEIFERA: Moringa oleifera is a small genus of quick growing tree distributed in India. The stem of the tree exudes a gum which is initially white in colour but changes to reddish brown or brownish black on exposure to sunlight. It is sparingly soluble in water but swells in contact with water giving a highly viscous solution. Moringa oleifera gum Binder and release retardant in tablet. Binders are agents used to cohesive quality to the material during the production of the tablet. They import cohesiveness of the tablet formulation. Which ensures that the tablet remain intact after compression as well as improving the free flowing quality. Binders have been used as the solution in the formulation and the method of preparation. The choice of a particular binding agent depends on the binding force required to form the granules and compatability with the other ingredients particularly the active drug. It is polyuronide consisting of arabinose, galactose and glucoronic acid in the proportion of 10:7:2, rhamnose is present in traces. It was observed that drug release increased with increasing proportions of the excipient and decreased proportion of the gum. Gum was also studied for its disintegrating property. Different batches of tablets were formulated varying them by quantity of the gum. It was observed that wetting time decreased with the increase in concentration of gum in formulation. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION: The chewable tablets of taste masked sildenafil citrate were successfully prepared by direct compression method and wet granulation method. 12 batches using various additives were prepared and evaluated with an aim of presenting sildenafil citrate taste masked by the chewable tablet. Drug excipient compatibility study was performed by FTIR. The unpleasant taste of the sildenafil citrate was masked by intra-granular addition of dried calcium carbonate, calcium carbonate from oyster shell and the extra-granular addition of sweeteners and flavoring agents. Taste masking study was done by using alkalizing agent in different ratio. Sildenafil citrate taste masking was increased when dried calcium carbonate quantity was increased because of reduction of the solubility of sildenafil citrate. Oyster shell calcium carbonate when added to the drug did not masked the taste due to the gritty nature of it. F5 batch showed less bitterness, low disintegration time and fast dissolution time and hence was taken further comparing with the innovator drug. In the present study disintegrating properties of Moringa Oleifera gum powder had been studied in comparison with other commercially available super disintegrants. The isolated natural disintegrant exhibits faster drug dissolution and disintegration. The isolated gum powder can be effectively used as disintegrant for sildenafil citrate with the added advantage of the folkloric aphrodisiac activity of it. The physicochemical evaluation results for the powdered blend of all trials pass the official limits in the angle of repose, compressibility index, Bulk density, Tapped density, Hausner’s ratio. Hence it may be summarized that the tablets prepared by direct compression method might be a perfect and effective formulation to prevent the side effects in treating erectile dysfunction”. taste buds without detection with the ability to subsequently release the drug from th

Bit Error Rate Analysis of Physical Layer Network Coding Spatially Modulated Full-Duplex Nodes Based Bidirectional Wireless Relay Network

In this paper, Physical Layer Network coding (PLNC)-Spatially Modulated Full-Duplex (SMFD) nodes based two-way/bidirectional cooperative wireless relay network is proposed. The PLNC-SMFD-based system is a viable technology in the field of next-generation wireless networks to enhance spectral efficiency. In the proposed system model, both the source nodes and relay nodes are employed with 2 × 2 antenna configurations where 2 bits of information are exchanged between the source nodes through a relay node. Transmit antenna selection at the source nodes is based on the incoming bitstreams. For instance, the transmit antenna is selected at PLNC-SMFD nodes based on the data symbols of the Most Significant Bit (MSB). Whereas the selected transmit antenna sends the Least Significant Bit (LSB) bit of data symbol at any time instance. Further, the self-interference at the transmitting and receiving nodes is modeled as Gaussian with the thermal noise power as a variance. The Bit Error Rate (BER) analytical expressions for both the upper and lower bound are derived in a Rayleigh Fading channel background. It has been graphically shown that the BER performance of the proposed system analyzes the effect of self-interference

Enhancing the Security and Quality Image Steganography using Hiding Algorithm based on Minimizing the Distortion

In this paper, highest state-of-the-art binary image Steganographic approach considers the spinning misinterpretation according to the personal visual structure, which will be not secure when they are attacked by Steganalyzers. In this paper, a binary image Steganographic scheme that aims to reduce the hiding misinterpretation on the balance is presented. We excerpt the complement, turn, and following-invariant local balance arrangement from the binary image first. The weighted sum of Complement, Turn, And Following-Invariant Local Balance changes when spinning one pixel is then employed to allot the spinning misinterpretation corresponding to that pixel. By examining on both simple binary images and the composed image constructed message set, we show that the advanced appraisal can well describe the misinterpretations on both visual aspect and statistics. Based on the proposed measurement, a practical Steganographic scheme is develope

Low Iron Status: A Possible Risk Factor for First Febrile Seizure

INTRODUCTION: SEIZURES IN CHILDHOOD: A seizure or convulsion is a paroxysmal, time-limited change in motor activity and/or behavior that result from abnormal electrical activity in the brain. Seizures are common in the pediatric age group and occur in approximately 10% of children. Most seizures in children are provoked by somatic disorders originating outside the brain, such as high fever, infection, syncope, head-trauma, hypoxia, toxins, or cardiac arrhythmias. Other events, such as breath-holding spells and gastro esophageal reflux, can cause events that simulate seizures. A few children also exhibit psychogenic seizures of psychiatric origin. Less than one third of seizures in children are caused by epilepsy, a condition in which seizures are triggered recurrently from within the brain. For epidemiological classification purposes, epilepsy is considered to be present when two or more unprovoked seizures occur at an interval greater than 24 hr apart. The cumulative lifetime incidence of epilepsy is 3% and more than half of cases begin in childhood. However, the annual prevalence of epilepsy is lower (0.5—0.8%) because many children outgrow epilepsy. Although the outlook for most children with symptomatic seizures or those associated with epilepsy is generally good, the seizures may signal a potentially serious underlying systemic or central nervous system (CNS) disorder that requires thorough investigation and management. For children with epilepsy, the prognosis is generally good, but 10—20% have persistent seizures refractory to drugs and those cases pose a diagnostic and management challenge. Seizures have been recognized since ancient times and although improvement has been made in management over this century compared to the previous 2000 years, there are still far too many children whose lives are crippled by poorly controlled seizures. AIM OF THE STUDY: To study the association between Iron deficiency and the first febrile seizure. DISCUSSION: 1. In our study to detect low iron status as a possible risk factor for first febrile seizures 50 cases and 50 age and sex matched controls are studied and analyzed . 2. In the present study we found that the peak incidence of febrile seizure occur during one to two years of age and the mean age is 23.26 months. This is comparable to previous studies. The peak age of onset being 14-18 months of age as per Nelson textbook of Pediatrics (22). Berg et al. in his study found that the peak incidence is between 18 and 24 months (12). Similarly Naveedur Rehman et al. reported the peak incidence at 22 Months (18). 3. The present study depicts that the incidence of febrile seizures is slightly higher in boys than in girls and the male: female ratio 2:1. This is similar to the study by Berg et al (12), while Naveedur Rehman et al. reported no gender difference in their study . 4. In our study family history of febrile seizures is seen only in 14% of cases. But Forfar textbook of pediatrics mentions that 50% will have a family history of convulsions and 80% of monozygotic twins are concordant for febrile convulsions. 5. The mean serum ferritin level in our study is 27.39ng/ml . It is similar to Daoud AS et al. study from Jordan that the mean ferritin level was 29.5ng/ml (17) whereas Rajwanti K Vaswani et al. in his study group from India found that the mean ferritin level was 31.9 ng/ml(24) Similarly Momen Ali Akbar et al. reported a mean ferritin level of 30.3 ng/ml (25). 6. Daoud AS et al. in his study found that a significant proportion of children with febrile seizures had only low serum ferritin level (17). The proportion of children with febrile seizures having low hemoglobin, Mean Corpuscular Volume and Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin were not statistically significant. Similarly Momen Ali Akbar et al . also in his study found lower ferritin in a significant proportion of children with febrile seizures without any significant difference in complete blood count indices (25). Whereas our study demonstrates a statistically significant difference in the proportion of children with febrile seizures have not only low serum ferritin but also low hemoglobin, low Mean Corpuscular Volume and low Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin. This is similar to the findings reported by Naveedur Rehman et al. in his study at Karachi. SUMMARY: 1. The peak incidence of febrile seizures is between one and two years of age. The mean age being 23.26 months. 2. A male preponderance is observed in all age groups with male: female ratio of 2:1 3. Family history of febrile seizures is observed in 14% of cases. 4. The mean Serum Ferritin, Hemoglobin and Mean Corpuscular Volume are significantly lower in children with febrile seizures as compared to controls. 5. Significantly, a greater proportion of children with febrile seizures have low Serum Ferritin (<12ng/ml); low Hemoglobin (<11gm/dl) and low Mean Corpuscular Volume (<70fl) as compared to controls. CONCLUSION: Plasma ferritin level and blood indices are significantly lower in children with febrile seizures as compared to children without febrile seizures suggesting that iron deficient children are more prone to febrile seizures. A follow-up study of patients found to be iron deficient at the time of a first febrile seizure to determine the incidence of subsequent febrile seizures after treatment for iron deficiency would be of great interest

An Interconnected Wind Driven SEIG System Using SVPWM Controlled TL Z-Source Inverter Strategy for Off-Shore WECS

This paper discuss about  the interconnection of wind driven SEIG for drive applications by using TL Z-source inverter strategy .TL Z-source consists of two coupled inductors having turns ratio γTL and four diodes are used . The wind energy system uses a two Self Excited Induction generator (SEIG) connected parallel in order to increase the reliability. The proposed system components like wind turbine SEIG, rectifier, SVM Controlled TL Z-source inverter, are modeled by matlab Simulink. The maximum power can be extracted and supplied to the load efficiently by using TL Z-source inverter with a proper value of modulation index. The simulation output is analysed experimentally using 500 W experimental setup

Freeze-thaw Resistance of an Alluvial Soil Stabilized with EcoSand and Asbestos-free Fiber Powder

Stabilization of poor soils subjected to large daily temperature variations requires careful selection of suitable stabilizer for improvement of such soils. This study investigated the freeze-thaw resistance of an alluvial soil stabilized with EcoSand and asbestos-free fiber powder (AFP). Physical and mechanical properties of the soil were determined. The soil sample was stabilized with 5 variants of equal mixtures of the EcoSand and AFP in proportions of 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10%, with 1% sodium silicate and 1% fly ash, by weight of the soil. UCS tests were conducted before and after three freeze-thaw cycles, while keeping the sample at 0ºC for 8 hours and later at 30ºC for 8 hours for each cycle. It was found that the 8% EcoSand + AFP with 1% sodium silicate and 1% fly ash content provided an optimized increase of the freeze-thaw resistance of the soil. The use of a mixture of EcoSand and AFP as a soil stabilizer for regions of the world experiencing large temperature variation has the potential to improve the resistance of sand to freezing and thawing