Proverbs in Pillai Thamizh (A genre in Tamil Literature)

Proverbs is an archaic language and it is rich in simplicity, antiquity and sweetness. Proverbs are in use since ancient times itself. Earlier proverbs are used by the people on daily basis to express their culture. Proverbs are the result of people’s experience. Proverbs are used on daily basis because of its clarity, brevity and relevance. Tholkappiyam, is an ancient grammar text here the author defines proverbs as, it is nothing but a two-line sentence which gives the perfect meaning. Proverbs are used by all people in their day to day life. Human life, their feelings and knowledge are the central theme in proverbs. Proverbs can be considered to be the best in oral literature. Proverbs helps people to develop their intellectual and thinking power. Therefore, Tamil proverbs are considered as the encyclopedia of Tamil people. This article explains the importance of proverbs in ‘Pillai Thamizh’

Cultures Shown by the History of Holy Places in Pillaittamil Literature

One of the main civilizations of Tamil is culture. It has been said in ancient times that 'Characterization is singing and behaving'. Considering this culture, the cultural elements that are taking place in literature have been studied in detail. ‘Pillaithamil’ is a genre of Tamil literature in which poets imagine their favourite God, the Goddess, the king, and eminent poets as small children and sing. In this way, there are seven Pillaithamil literatures about God Muruga under study. This study explains in detail the history and culture of the Pillaithamil literature, such as Thiruchendur Murugan Pillaithamil, Kumaramalai Murugan Pillaithamil, Athitthala Murugan Pillaithamil, Seyur Murugan Pillaithamil, Muthukumaraswamy Pillaithamil, Tiruporur Murugan Pillaithamil, and Etikku Murugan Pillaithamil. This review is based on establishing and telling about ancient Tamil culture through the use of architecture, painting, and sculpture from their history

Parental Bonding and Self Esteem of Higher Secondary School Students in Tiruchirappalli District

Parenting is an art. Of the many different relationships formed over the course of the life span, the   relationship between parent and child is among the most important (Steinberg, 2001). Parental bonding is characterized by a positive, stable, emotional bond. It is measured by acceptance, spending time together, the parent's availability to the child and enjoyment of being with the child. It is a very tough and challenging during adolescent period. Adolescent perception of parental bonding positively or negatively affects their sense of psychological well-being.  The present study aims to find the parental bonding and self esteem of higher secondary school students in Trichy District. Sample consists of 320 students, 160 from rural schools and 160 from urban schools,80 boys and 80 girls in each locality and the researcher studied the perceived parental bonding  and self esteem  among them. Keywords: Parents, Adolescent, Student

Effectiveness of IEC Package on Disaster Preparedness among Selected School Children at Medavakkam, Kanchipuram District

NEED FOR THE STUDY: India is highly disaster prone country in Asia Pacific region with average of 8 major natural calamities a year, where floods cyclones, draughts, earthquakes and epidemics are frequent from time to time. IEC package on disaster preparedness among school children is strengthening the students confident in disaster management, promoting awareness and enhancing knowledge and skills of all students associated with migration, preparedness and response measures. A child has a greater capacity to observe, learn, experiment and transfer knowledge to others. It is more prone to a new way of life and changed come to it more naturally. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY: 1. To assess the level of knowledge regarding disaster preparedness in selected school children at Medavakkam, Kanchipuram District. 2. To assess the effectiveness of IEC package on disaster preparedness among selected school children at Medavakkam, Kanchipuram District. 3. To find out the association between the post-test level of knowledge with selected demographic variables of selected school children at Medavakkam, Kanchipuram District. METHODOLOGY: Research approach - Quantitative research approach Research Design: Pre-test and post test only design, Study settings: Government Higher Secondary School at Medavakkam, Kanchipuram District. Study Population: Selected school children. Sampling Technique: Simple random sampling by lottery method. Sample size: 60 selected school children. DATA COLLECTION PROCEDURE: After getting permission from concern authorities, Level of knowledge was assessed by demographic profile and structured knowledge questionnaire by interview method. Concern obtained from study participants confidentiality maintained. Pre test was assessed and administration of IEC package regarding disaster preparedness. On 7th day post test was conducted to assess the effectiveness of IEC package. PLAN FOR DATA ANALYSIS: The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics such as mean, standard deviation, frequency and percentage for demographic variables and inferential statistics like chi square test, McNemar test, student ‘t’ test, paired ‘t’ test and independent ‘t’ test were used to analyze categorical variables. RESULT OF THE STUDY: The study reveals that the mean difference and standard deviation of the pre test and post test knowledge score (M = 4.30: 14.52, SD = 1.74, 1.90) with the ‘t’ value of 36.44, which is statistically significant with P≤0.001. This shows the effectiveness of the IEC package on disaster preparedness among selected school children. CONCLUSION: The investigator thereby concluded that the IEC package on disaster preparedness among selected school children is improve the level of knowledge of to prevent and minimize the disaster impacts in future

Effectiveness of multimedia psychoeducation package on knowledge and attitude regarding drug compliance among caregivers of clients with chronic psychiatric illness at selected setting Trichy, 2015

Aims & objectives: To assess the effectiveness of multimedia psychoeducation package on knowledge and attitude regarding drug compliance among caregivers of clients with chronic psychiatric illness. Methodology: A pre experimental study was conducted at a selected setting, Trichy. 60 caregivers were selected by non-probability purposive sampling technique. Researcher used structured knowledge questionnaire and attitude scale for collecting the data and administered multimedia psychoeducation package (lecture cum discussion, video show, psychodrama and DVD). Results: The findings of the study revealed that the pre test mean knowledge score was 6.96 with SD of 2.38 and the post test mean knowledge score was 11.98 with SD of 1.65, the calculated paired ‘t’ value was t = 17.438. The pre test mean attitude score was 17.30 with SD of 4.21 and the post test mean attitude score was 27.0 with SD of 3.26, the calculated paired ‘t’ value was t = 27.877. The results also revealed that there was a high positive correlation between the knowledge and attitude among the caregivers of clients with chronic psychiatric illness. Conclusion: The study findings of the study revealed that multimedia psychoeducation was effective in improving the knowledge and attitude regarding drug compliance among caregivers of clients with chronic psychiatric illness which clearly depicted that the caregivers understood� the importance of drug compliance which prevents relapse, re-hospitalization and improves quality of life of both clients as well as caregivers

Micropropagation of Dysophylla myosuroides (Roth.) Benth. In. Wall. through leaf culture

A method was developed through leaf as explant of Dysophylla myosuroides (Roth.) Benth. for multiple shoot regeneration. The effect of Auxins (IAA, NAA, IBA) and Cytokinins (BA) were studied on shoot regeneration in clulture. On MS half strength medium light green compact calli were formed with 0.1 mg l-1 NAA. The cultures produced 62.57 + 0.04 shoots on half strength medium with 0.5 mg l-1 BA and 0.01 mg l-1 NAA and also maximum mean length (0.52 + 0.02) of shoots were achieved. In vitro produced shoots rooted on half strength MS medium with 1 mg l-1 IBA. The in vitro regenerated plantlets were successfully acclimatized in paper cups containing vermiculate, then transferred to green house. Hardened plants were transplanted in to sand and soil (1 : 1)

SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERISATION OF COIR FIBER REINFORCED EPOXY COMPOSITES FROM PUNNAL OIL

Vegetable oil is readily available and inexpensive, can be used to synthesise various types of polymers. In our present study, epoxidised punnal oil has been synthesised from punnal oil via peroxy acetic acid generated ‘insitu’ by treating acetic acid with hydrogen peroxide as oxygen donor. The epoxidation is catalysed by using sulphuric acid. The epoxidation is confirmed by iodine value, oxirane oxygen analysis, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and thin layer chromatography (TLC) analysis.Natural fibers such as jute, sisal, banana, rice husk etc are locally available in abundance and have excellent physical and mechanical properties and can be used more effectively in the development of composite materials for various applications. Epoxy composite samples are prepared from the natural fiber with different ratios using triethylamine hardener and pthaleic anhydride. The mechanical properties viz. tensile strength and the physical properties observed are discussed in detai

Anti-Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV-1 and HSV-2) activity of biogenic gold and silver nanoparticles using seaweed Sargassum wightii

1252-1257Biogenic gold (Au) and silver (Ag) nanoparticles were synthesized using seaweed Sargassum wightii (Sw) and their antiviral activity against Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV-1 and HSV-2) was evaluated. Efficacy of Sw-Au and Sw-Ag nanoparticles against HSV was estimated by the reduction of cytopathic effect (CPE) caused by HSV, which was observed in a dose-dependent manner. Sw-Au nanoparticles reduced 70% CPE of HSV-1 and HSV-2 at 10 μL and 25 μL, respectively, whereas 2.5 μL Sw-Ag nanoparticles effectively reduced 70% CPE of HSV-1 and HSV-2. Cytotoxicity was estimated in Vero cells by MTT assay. Sw-Au nanoparticles were significantly non-toxic in all the concentrations tested, whereas Sw-Ag nanoparticles were found to be toxic in higher concentrations. Sw-Au nanoparticles showed cell viability of 93.12-85.18 % in the range of 2.5-25 µL, and Sw-Ag nanoparticles showed cell viability of 97.21-21.91% in the range of 1-10 μL. Sw-Au and Sw-Ag nanoparticles effectively reduce the CPE caused by both HSV-1 and HSV-2 in Vero cells and can be used to treat HSV infections