Morphometric Study In Stomach Of Rabbits [estudio Morfométrico Del Estómago En Conejos]

Thirty three healthy, New Zealand rabbits, underwent a total gastrectomy via laparotomy and subsequent evaluation of gastric dimensions. Were measured the lengths of theu lesser and greater gastric curvature, in addition to the largest diameters of the organ. They presented average overall length of the lesser and greater curvature, respectively 6.7 cm and 27.3 cm. In addition, open surgical specimen presented a total area of 172.6 cm2. The sample was divided into two groups by age to perform comparisons between weight and stomach measures. Group 1 consisted of animals with age equal or less than 138 days and group 2 those with more than 138 days. No significant differences were found between the groups. This may suggest the use of younger animals to perform experiments related to surgical training involving the stomach, without dimensional prejudice of organ or generation of technical difficulties. Finally, it was noted also the predominance of the left gastric artery in the irrigation of the gastric wall and the presence of a transparent film between the liver and stomach in all animals.321227231Abidu-Figueiredo, M., Xavier-Silva, B., Cardinot, T.M., Babinski, M.A., Chagas, M.A., Celiac artery in New Zealand rabbit: Anatomical study of its origin and arrangement for experimental research and surgical practice (2008) Pesq. Vet. Bras, 28 (5), pp. 237-240Alves, J.R., Lopes, L.R., Sasasaki, T., Perioperative care in an animal model for training in abdominal surgery: Is it necessary a preoperative fasting? (2011) Acta Cir. Bras, 26 (6), pp. 541-548Amorim, M.J.A.A.L., Amorim, J.R.A.A., Villarouco, F.M.O., Capacid del estómago de conejos sin raza definida (Oryctolagus cuniculus) (2001) Rev. Chil. Anat, 19 (3), pp. 259-262Bensley, B.A., Craigie, E.H., (1948) Practical Anatomy of the Rabbit, , 8th ed. Canada, University of Toronto PressBrewer, N., Biology of the rabbit (2006) J. Am. Assoc. Lab. Anim. Sci, 45 (1), pp. 8-24Calasans-Maia, M.D., Monteiro, M.L., Áscoli, F.O., Granjeiro, J.M., The rabbit as an animal model for experimental surgery (2009) Acta Cir. Bras, 24 (4), pp. 325-328Conover, W.J., (1971) Practical Nonparametric Statistics, , New York, John Wiley & Sons, IncGalvão, F.H.F., Farias, A.Q., Pompeu, E., Waisberg, D.R., Teixeira, A.R.F., de Mello, E.S., Costa, A.C., D'Albuquerque, L.A.C., Endoscopic features in a model of multivisceral xenotransplantation (2010) Xenotransplantation, 17 (6), pp. 423-428Ghoshal, N.G., Bal, H.S., Comparative morphology of the stomach of some laboratory mammals (1989) Lab Anim, 23 (1), pp. 21-29Hristov, H., Kostov, D., Vladova, D., Topographical anatomy of some abdominal organs in rabbits (2006) Trakia J. Sci, 4 (3), pp. 7-10Hulley, S.B., Cummings, S.R., Browner, W.S., Grady, D., Hearst, N., Newman, T.B., (2003) Delineando a Pesquisa Clínica: Uma Abordagem Epidemiológica. 2a Ed, , Porto Alegre, ArtmedJohnson-Delaney, C.A., (2006) Anatomy and Physiology of the Rabbit and Rodent Gastrointestinal System, , http://www.chincare.com/HealthLifestyle/HLdocs2/gastrointestinal.pdfMeredith, A., Jepson, L., (2011) The Rabbit, , http://www.morfz.com/THERABBIT.pdf, Head of Exotic Animal Services Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies University of EdinburghOliveira, L.R., Molinari, S.L., Natali, M.R.M., Michelan, A.C., Scapinello, C., Morphologic considerations about the wall of the glandular stomach of young rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) (2001) Rev. Chil. Anat, 19 (3), pp. 253-258Piasecki, C., Wyatt, C., Patterns of blood supply to the gastric mucosa. A comparative study revealing an end-artery model (1986) J. Anat, 149, pp. 21-39Rodrígues-Alarcón, C., Pérez, E., Martín, U., Rivera, R., Hernández, A., Vivo, J., Beristain, M., Usón, J., Morfometría del Esófago Abdominal y del Estómago del Conejo (Orycotolagus cuniculus): Aplicaciones a la Cirugía Laparoscópica (2010) Int. J. Morphol, 28 (1), pp. 27-3

Perioperative care in an animal model for training in abdominal surgery. Is it necessary a preoperative fasting?

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)PURPOSE: Demonstrate that the rabbit may be used in the training of surgery, in addition to present its perioperative care. METHODS: Thirty two animals, with age and weight, respectively, from 3 to 5.5 months old and 3000 to 4200 grams, were undergone different periods of pre-operative fasting, exclusive intramuscular anesthesia (ketamine+xylazine), laparotomy with total gastrectomy and total splenectomy. It was dosed the pre-operative (initial) and post-surgical (end) serum blood glucose, in addition to quantify the gastric content after the resection of the part. RESULTS: The anesthetical-surgical procedure presented a mortality rate of 3.125% (1: 32) and a morbidity rate of 6.25% (2: 32). It was evidenced an initial mean blood glucose = 199.4 mg/dl and the end = 326.1 mg/dl. In spite of extended fasting (minimum of 2 hours for the absolute fasting and maximum of 8.5 hours for liquids, and 20.5 hours for solids) all animals presented at the end of the surgical procedure any gastric content and a blood glucose increase. Those with fasting for liquids and solids when compared to the quantity of solid gastric content, presented a moderate negative degree of correlation. CONCLUSION: The rabbit is a good model to be used in training of surgery, with a low morbi-mortality, able to be anesthetized intramuscularly, with no need of pre-operative fasting and does not present hypoglycemia even with the extended fasting period.266541548Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP

Animal Model For Training In Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy Of The Stomach Through Combined Methods [modelo Animal Para Treinamento Em Pesquisa De Linfonodo Sentinela Em Estômago Mediante Métodos Combinados]

PURPOSE: Create and validate a proposed animal model for training in sentinel lymph node biopsy of the stomach. METHODS: In thirty-two rabbits, through a laparotomy, they received a subserosal injection of 0.1 ml of phytate labeled with technetium-99m (0.2 mCi) in the anterior wall of the gastric corpus, followed by 0.2 ml of Blue Patent V® 2.5%, through the same puncture site. Suspicious lymph nodes were searched in vivo at five, ten and 20 minutes, both visually (Blue Patent stained lymph nodes) and with a manual gamma radiation detector (to detect suspected radioactive lymph nodes). After 20 minutes, was performed resection of these for further evaluation of radioactivity (ex vivo) and histological study. RESULTS: Lymph nodes were identified in 30 rabbits (Average of 2.2 lymph nodes per animal). Of the 90 suspected lymph nodes that occurred in the study, 70 cases (77.8%) were histologically confirmed for lymphoid tissue. Of these, the majority were located in the periesophageal region of the gastric fundus. The sample presented a mortality rate of 6.25% and nine complications related to the method, which interfered in the identification of the lymph nodes. CONCLUSION: The animal model for sentinel node biopsy in rabbit stomachs proved to be feasible, with low complexity and reproduced the difficulties encountered for gastric lymph node biopsy in humans, being adequate for surgical training.2712833840Gould, E.A., Winship, T., Philbin, P.H., Herr, H.H., Observations on a sentinel nodel in cancer of the parotid (1960) Cancer, 13, pp. 77-78Cabanas, R.M., An Approach for the treatment of penile carcinoma (1977) Cancer, 39, pp. 456-466Morton, D.L., Wen, D.R., Wong, J.H., Economou, J.S., Cagle, L.A., Storm, F.K., Foshag, L.J., Cochran, A.J., Technical details of intraoperative lymphatic mapping for early stage melanoma (1992) Arch Surg, 127, pp. 392-399Tanis, P.J., Nieweg, O.E., Olmos, R.A.V., Rutgers, E.J.T., Kroon, B.B.R., History of sentinel node and validation of the technique - Review (2001) Breast Cancer Res, 3, pp. 109-112Hayashi, H., Ochiai, T., Mori, M., Karube, T., Suzuki, T., Gunji, Y., Hori, S., Shimada, H., Sentinel lymph node mapping for gastric cancer using a dual procedure with dye and gamma probe-guided techniques (2003) J Am Coll Surg, 196, pp. 68-74Veronesi, U., Paganelli, G., Galimberti, V., Viale, G., Zurrida, S., Bedoni, M., Costa, A., Veronesi, P., Sentinel-node biopsy to avoid axillary dissection in breast cancer with clinically negative lymph-nodes (1997) Lancet, 349, pp. 1864-1867Veronesi, U., Viale, G., Paganelli, G., Zurrida, S., Luini, A., Galimberti, V., Veronesi, P., Vezzoli, D., Sentinel lymph node biopsy in breast cancer: Ten-year results of a randomized controlled study (2010) Ann Surg, 251 (4), pp. 595-600Yanagita, S., Natsugoe, S., Uenoson, Y., Arigami, T., Arima, H., Kozono, T., Funasako, Y., Aikou, T., Detection of micrometastases in sentinel node navigation surgery for gastric cancer (2008) Surg Oncol, 17, pp. 203-210Tangoku, A., Seike, J., Nakano, K., Nagao, T., Honda, J., Yoshida, T., Yamai, H., Morimoto, T., Current status of sentinel lymph node navigation surgery in breast and gastrointestinal tract (2007) J Med Invest, 54, pp. 1-18Ozmen, M.M., Ozmen, F., Aulfikaroglu, B., Lymph nodes in gastric cancer (2008) J Surg Oncol, 98, pp. 476-481Kitagawa, Y., Fujii, H., Kumai, K., Kubota, T., Otani, Y., Saikawa, Y., Yoshida, M., Kitajima, M., Recent advances in sentinel node navigation for gastric cancer: A paradigm shift of surgical management (2005) J Surg Oncol, 90, pp. 147-152Hiratsuka, M., Miyashiro, I., Ishikawa, O., Furukawa, H., Motomura, K., Ohigashi, H., Kameyama, M., Koyama, H., Application of sentinel node biopsy to gastric cancer surgery (2001) Surgery, 129, pp. 335-340Ryu, K.W., Lee, J.H., Kim, H.S., Kim, Y.W., Choi, I.J., Bae, J.M., Prediction of lymph nodes metastasis by sentinel node biopsy in gastric cancer (2003) Eur J Surg Oncol, 29, pp. 895-899Kim, M., Kim, H., Jung, G., Lee, J., Choi, S., Kang, D., Roh, M., Jeong, J., Lymphatic mapping and sentinel node biopsy using 99mTC tin colloid in gastric cancer (2004) Ann Surg, 239 (3), pp. 383-387Miwa, K., Kinami, S., Taniguchi, K., Fushida, S., Fujimura, T., Nonomura, A., Mapping sentinel nodes in patients with early-stage gastric carcinoma (2003) Br J Surg, 90, pp. 178-182Lee, J.H., Ryu, K.W., Kim, C.G., Kim, S.K., Choi, I.J., Kim, Y.W., Chang, H.J., Hong, E.K., Comparative study of the subserosal versus submucosal dye injection method for sentinel node biopsy in gastric cancer (2005) Eur J Surg Oncol, 31, pp. 965-968Isozaki, H., Kimura, T., Tanaka, Satoh, K., Matsumoto, S., An assessment of the feasibility of sentinel lymph node-guided surgery for gastric cancer (2004) Gastric Cancer, 7, pp. 149-153Ichikura, T., Sugasawa, H., Sakamoto, N., Yaguchi, Y., Tsujimoto, H., Ono, S., Limited gastrectomy with dissection of sentinel node stations for early gastric cancer with negative sentinel node biopsy (2009) Ann Surg, 249 (6), pp. 942-947Ohdaira, H., Nimura, H., Mitsumori, N., Takahashi, N., Kashiwagi, H., Yanaga, K., Validity of modified gastrectomy combined with sentinel node navigation surgery for early gastric cancer (2007) Gastric Cancer, 10 (2), pp. 117-122Kitagawa, Y., Kitano, S., Kubota, T., Kumai, K., Otani, Y., Saikawa, Y., Yoshida, M., Kitajima, M., Minimally invasive surgery for gastric cancer - toward a confluence of two major streams: A review (2005) Gastric Cancer, 8, pp. 103-110Lee, J.H., Ryu, K.W., Kim, C.G., Kim, S.K., Lee, J.S., Kook, M.C., Choi, J., Bae, J., Sentinel node biopsy using dye and isotope double tracers in early gastric cancer (2006) Ann Surg Oncol, 13 (9), pp. 1168-1174Orsenigo, E., Tomajer, V., Di Palo, S., Albarello, L., Doglioni, C., Masci, E., Viale, E., Staudacher, C., Sentinel node mapping during laparoscopic distal gastrectomy for gastric cancer. Staudacher (2008) Surg Endosc, 22, pp. 118-121Rabin, I., Chikman, B., Lavy, R., Poluksht, N., Halpern, Z., Wassermann, I., Gold-Deutch, R., Halevy, A., The accuracy of sentinel node mapping according to T stage in patients with gastric cancer (2010) Gastric Cancer, 13, pp. 30-35Cheng, L.Y., Xie, Z.Y., Dai, G.R., Zhao, W.G., Preliminary experiences of application of sentinel lymph node navigation technique in early gastric cancer (2008) Zhonghua Wai Ke Za Zhi, 46 (14), pp. 1076-1079Ichikura, T., Progress in sentinel node navigation surgery for gastric cancer (2009) Nippon Geka Gakkai Zasshi, 110 (2), pp. 68-72Kitagawa, Y., Kubota, T., Kumai, K., Otani, Y., Saikawa, Y., Yoshida, M., Nakahara, T., Kitajima, M., Recent studies of sentinel lymph node. Multicenter prospective clinical trials of SN biopsy for gastric cancer (2005) Gan to Kagaku Ryoho, 32 (5), pp. 695-698Kitagawa, Y., Takeuchi, H., Takagi, Y., Natsugoe, S., Terashima, M., Murakami, N., Fujimura, T., Kitajima, M., Prospective multicenter trial of sentinel node mapping for gastric cancer (2009) J Clin Oncol, 27 (SUPPL.), pp. 15S. , abstr 4518Kitagawa, Y., Saikawa, Y., Takeuchi, H., Mukai, M., Nakahara, T., Kubo, A., Kitajima, M., Sentinel node navigation in early stage gastric cancer - Updated data and current status (2006) Scand J Surg, 95, pp. 256-259Fagundes, D.J., Taha, M.O., Modelo animal de doença: Critérios de escolha e espécies de animais de uso corrente (2004) Acta Cir Bras, 19 (1), pp. 59-65Calasans-Maia, M.D., Monteiro, M.L., Áscoli, F.O., Granjeiro, J.M., The rabbit as an animal model for experimental surgery (2009) Acta Cir Bras, 24 (4), pp. 325-328Schanaider, A., Silva, P.C., Uso de animais em cirurgia experimental (2004) Acta Cir Bras, 19 (4), pp. 441-447Méndez, J., Wallace, A.M., Hoh, C.K., Vera, D.R., Detection of gastric and colonic sentinel nodes through endoscopic administration of 99mTc-DTPA-Mannosyl-Dextran in pigs (2003) J Nucl Med, 44 (10), pp. 1677-1681Torres de Melo, J.R.M., Pinheiro, L.G.P., Sentinel lymph node: Importance in gastric cancer surgery and perspective of the application of an experimental model in canine (2010) Arq Bras Cir, 23 (3), pp. 192-195Kim, J.S., Yoon, T.J., Kim, H.K., Kim, S.S., Chae, H.S., Choi, M.G., Kim, Y.J., Cho, Y.S., Sentinel lymph node mapping of the stomach using fluorescent magnetic nanoparticles in rabbits (2008) Korean J Gastroenterol, 51, pp. 19-24Alves, J.R., Lopes, L.R., Sasasaki, T., Perioperative care in an animal model for training in abdominal surgery: It is necessary preoperative fasting? (2011) Acta Cir Bras, 26 (6), pp. 541-548Zhong, S.Q., Xu, Y.D., Zhang, Y.F., Zhang, Y.F., Hai, L.S., Tang, F.C., Three-dimensional structure of lymphatics in rabbit stomach (1998) World J Gastroenterol, 4 (6), pp. 550-552Rodrígues-Alarcón, C., Pérez, E., Martín, U., Rivera, R., Hernández, A., Vivo, J., Beristain, M., Usón, J., Morfometría del esôfago abdominal y del estómago del conejo (Orycotolagus cuniculus). Aplicaciones a la cirurgía laparoscópica (2010) Int J Morphol, 28 (1), pp. 27-31Ghoshal, N.G., Bal, H.S., Comparative morphology of the stomach of some laboratory mammals (1989) Lab Anim, 23, pp. 21-29Oliveira, L.R., Molinari, S.L., Natali, M.R.M., Michelan, A.C., Scapinello, C., Morphologic considerations about the wall of the glandular stomach of young rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) (2001) Rev Chil Anat, 19 (3), pp. 253-258Landis, J.R., Koch, G.G., The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data (1977) Biometrics, 33, pp. 159-17