GENDER DIFFERENCES OF TRUNK AND LOWER LIMB POSITIONS DURING THE CUTTING MANEUVER

The purpose of this study was to analyze the gender differences in positions of the trunk and lower limb during the cutting maneuver. We captured the trunk and lower limb positions during shuttle-run cutting in 8 male and 7 female soccer players. The distance from the center of the trunk to the foot-plant point in the frontal and sagittal planes, knee flexion angle, knee valgus angle, femoral inclination angle, trunk forward-inclination angle, and trunk lateral-inclination angle were measured. Our results showed that female subjects demonstrated less femoral inclination, greater trunk lateral inclination away from the cutting limb, and smaller distance from the center of the trunk to the foot-plant point in the frontal plane than male subjects. The study results may reveal potential risks for ACL injury

The Development of Parenthood for Child Abuse Prevention: Psychological,Physiological, and Brain Activation Effects of Continuous Learning Experience of Caring forInfants in Adolescent Males and Females

研究種目：基盤研究（Ｃ） 研究期間：2008～2010 課題番号：２０５９２５７

Characteristic multimodal imaging of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw : comparison between oral and parenteral routes of medication administration

Background: To assess multimodal imaging features of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) and to analyze the differences between oral and parenteral routes of medication administration. We retrospectively reviewed panoramic radiographs, CT, MRI, and bone scintigraphy of patients with MRONJ. Material/Methods: A retrospective study was conducted in 16 patients with MRONJ who underwent panoramic radiography, CT, MRI, and bone scintigraphy. Statistical analysis for the comparison between routes of medication administration and multimodal imaging features was performed with the Pearson's c2 test. Results: The percentage of cases with sequestrum separation was 25.0% (4/16 cases) on panoramic radiography and 81.3% (13/16 cases) on CT. The percentage of cases with periosteal bone proliferation on CT was 41.7% (5/12 cases) in the oral route of administration vs. 100% (4/4 cases) in the parenteral route of administration (p=0.042). The percentage of cases with spread of soft tissue inflammation to buccal and other spaces on CT and MRI was 33.3% (4/12 cases) in the oral route of administration vs. 100% (4/4 cases) in the parenteral route of administration (p=0.021). Conclusions: The sequestrum separation on panoramic radiography in patients with MRONJ was unclear in comparison to CT. Furthermore, characteristic CT findings of patients with MRONJ in the parenteral administration group were periosteal bone proliferation and spread of soft tissue inflammation to buccal and other spaces

Diffusion-weighted imaging in the oral and maxillofacial region : usefulness of apparent diffusion coefficient maps and maximum intensity projection for characterization of normal structures and lesions

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in the oral and maxillofacial region, with a special focus on the usefulness of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps and maximum intensity projection (MIP) for characterization of normal structures and lesions. Material/Methods: Thirty-five patients who underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for diagnosis of oral and maxillofacial lesions were included in this prospective study. DWI was performed on a 1.5 T unit, with b factor of 0 and 800 s/mm2; moreover, ADC maps were generated. ADC values were measured for normal structures, odontogenic infections, squamous cell carcinomas (SCC), and hemangiomas. Results: As regards the normal structures, the mean ADC value of the cerebrospinal fluid (3.65±0.60×10-3 mm2/s) in the upper neck area was higher than that of the spinal cord (0.74±0.15×10-3 mm2/s, P=0.000), lymph nodes (0.87±0.17×10-3 mm2/s, P=0.000), and Waldeyer’s ring (0.92±0.29×10-3 mm2/s, P=0.000). The mean ADC value of hemangiomas (1.52±0.31×10-3 mm2/s) was higher than that of odontogenic infections (0.85±0.36×10-3 mm2/s, P=0.034) and SCC (1.38±0.22×10-3 mm2/s, P=0.840). Furthermore, MIP (DWI) showed the normal structures and lesions in the oral and maxillofacial region in an improved way. Conclusions: DWI, ADC maps, and MIP can be used to characterize and differentiate normal structures and lesions in the oral and maxillofacial region

The Paternal Mental Health, Difficulties for Fathers with Children in Early Infancy, and Their Educational Support Needs

Purpose: The purpose is to identify what difficulties fathers have with the roles of fatherhood during pregnancy and early infancy, and to make apparent what their educational support needs are. Methods: This study follows a qualitative descriptive design. The subjects were new first-time fathers of Japanese nationality. Subjects participated in semi-structured interviews administered according to interview guidelines. Results: There were 15 subjects in total. The average age of the subjects’ children was 5.5 months. Fathers’ difficulties with their new roles were abstracted in to five main categories: \u3c Difficulties during early engagement with child \u3e, \u3c Difficulties related to child crying \u3e, \u3c Difficulties arising after getting through the early engagement stage \u3e, \u3c Difficulties related to support of partner \u3e, and \u3c Mental burdens associated with childrearing \u3e. Additionally, the types of support fathers requested to help maintain their mental health after the birth of their infants were abstracted into three main categories: \u3c Support with childcare knowledge/acquiring skills \u3e, \u3c Support in building a positive marital relationship \u3e, and \u3c Support in maintaining own mental health \u3e. Conclusions: 1) The stress experienced by fathers from the birth of their child through early infancy, originating in two elements of fatherhood (engagement with the child and spousal support), placed a great mental burden upon them in a multi-layered structure; 2) The support that needs fathers expressed to maintain their mental health pre- and postpartum is based on the difficulties they experienced with paternal roles; 3) There is a disparity between the needs of fathers expressed through the results of this study and current paternal support practices in Japan. The supplementation and revision of existing paternal support practices is an issue that merits further consideration. Furthermore, the existing group interview method suffers from low attendance, and attending has become increasingly difficult due to the COVID-19 pandemic spreading throughout Japan. It is necessary to consider alternative methods of educational support moving forward

Is There Any Association between TV Viewing and Obesity in Preschool Children in Japan?

Obesity in children is a serious public health problem, and TV viewing is considered a potential risk factor. Since, however, no relevant association studies have been conducted in Japan, we evaluated the association between TV viewing and obesity using a population-based study conducted in a Japanese town. All 616 preschool children in the town were enrolled in February 2008, and a self-administered questionnaire to collect children's and parents' characteristics was sent to the parents. We dichotomized the time spent TV viewing and evaluated associations by logistic regression using a &#34;less than 2h&#34; category as a reference. The questionnaire was collected from 476 participants (77.3%), of whom 449 were available for the final analyses. Among them, 26.9% of preschool children reported 2 or more hours of TV viewing per day and 8.2% were defined as obese. In logistic regression analyses, there was no positive association in unadjusted (odds ratio [OR]1.11, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]:0.50-2.49) or adjusted models for exclusively breastfed status, sleep duration, or maternal factors (OR1.11, 95% CI:0.50-2.51). We also found no positive association between TV viewing and overweight status, possibly owing to the influence of social environment, low statistical power, or misclassification.</p

Impact of Breastfeeding on Body Weight of Preschool Children in a Rural Area of Japan: Population-based Cross-sectional Study

To investigate the effect of exclusive breastfeeding on the likelihood of Japanese preschool children being overweight, population-based cross-sectional survey data from M town in Japan were used. Using the population registry of this town, all 616 preschool children were identified, and a self-administered questionnaire was sent to their parents. The exposure variable of interest was exclusive breastfeeding from birth to 6 months, and the outcome variable of interest was the children being overweight at preschool age. Statistical analyses used included logistic regression and sensitivity analyses. In the final analyses, we included 448 preschool children. Although all point estimates indicated a protective effect, logistic regression analyses showed no significant reduction in being overweight due to exclusive breastfeeding in the unadjusted model (odds ratio (OR)0.70, 95% confidence intervals:0.30-1.64), the model adjusted for birth weight (OR0.70, 95% CI:0.30-1.63), the model adjusted for child lifestyle (OR0.71, 95% CI:0.30-1.67), or the model adjusted for parental factors (OR0.46, 95% CI:0.15-1.37). In sensitivity analyses, point estimates were not significant, but a protective effect was observed. In conclusion, our results suggest that breastfeeding might have a protective effect on Japanese preschool children against being overweight, although statistical significance was not observed due to the limitation of the statistical power of the findings.</p

交通行動と健康診断データ・心的傾向の関連分析 : 神奈川県大和市職員を対象として

本研究では，交通行動と健康状態，ならびにクルマの運転動機，交通手段への態度，五大性格特性，主観的幸福感等の心的傾向を計測する指標との関係性を把握することを目的に，神奈川県大和市職員を対象としたアンケート調査(n=479)を行った．このうち健康診断データの提供に同意した職員は180名であった．分析の結果，クルマ・バイク通勤者はメタボ該当者がそれ以外の通勤者の倍程度であった．心的傾向については，組織との関係が良好で地域のボランティアに参加しているほど，メタボや高BMIの傾向が示された．この理由としては，勤務先やボランティア等で飲食を伴う交流が盛んであった可能性が考えられる．メタボは危険因子が集積した状態であり，自覚症状が希薄であるため，健康指標として心的傾向と組み合わせた分析を行う際には留意が必要である