286 research outputs found
Analyzing power in nucleon-deuteron scattering and three-nucleon forces
Three-nucleon forces have been considered to be one possibility to resolve
the well known discrepancy between experimental values and theoretical
calculations of the nucleon analyzing power in low energy nucleon-deuteron
scattering. In this paper, we investigate possible effects of two-pion exchange
three-nucleon forces on the analyzing power and the differential cross section.
We found that the reason for different effects on the analyzing power by
different three-nucleon forces found in previous calculations is related to the
existence of the contact term. Effects of some variations of two-pion exchange
three-nucleon forces are investigated. Also, an expression for the measure of
the nucleon analyzing power with quartet P-wave phase shifts is presented.Comment: 11 pages including 2 eps figures, use epsfig.sty, to appear in Phys.
Rev.
Central and tensor components of three-nucleon forces in low-energy proton-deuteron scattering
Contributions of three-nucleon forces (3NF) to proton-deuteron scattering
observables at energies below the deuteron breakup threshold are studied by
solving the Faddeev equation that includes the Coulomb interaction. At E_p=3.0
MeV, we find that the central part of a two-pion exchange 3NF removes the
discrepancy between measured cross sections and the calculated ones by
two-nucleon forces, and improves the agreement with T_{22} experimental data.
However, the tensor part of the 3NF fails in reproducing data of the analyzing
power T_{21} by giving worse agreement between the measured and the calculated.
Detailed examinations of scattering amplitudes suggest that a P-wave
contribution in spin quartet tensor amplitudes has unsuitable sign for
reproducing the T_{21} data.Comment: 6 pages, 6 figure
Pressure effects on the phase transitions and energy gap in CeRhAs
We report on the electrical resistivity, thermal expansion, and x-ray diffraction measurements of single-crystalline sample of the so-called Kondo semiconductor CeRhAs under pressures up to 3 GPa. This compound undergoes successive structural phase transitions at T1 = 360, T2 = 235, and T3 = 165 K at ambient pressure. On cooling below T1, the crystal structure changes from the hexagonal LiGaGe-type to the orthorhombic epsilon-TiNiSi-type with a 2bĂ2c superlattice. By applying pressure up to 1.5 GPa, T1 increases with a ratio of 270 K/GPa, whereas both T2 and T3 decrease with â100 K/GPa. The concurrent decrease of both the a parameter and the energy gap along the a axis with increasing pressure contradict the c-f hybridization gap model in which the gap is enlarged by the enhancement of hybridization between the 4f electrons and conduction band. Instead, a sort of charge-density-wave transition at T1 is proposed for the origin of gap formation of this compound. The semiconducting behavior in the resistivity vanishes when the phase with the 2bĂ2c superlattice decomposes into two orthorhombic phases below 100 K and above 1.5 GPa
X-Ray Photoelectron Spectral Analysis for Carbon Allotropes,
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Relativistic Effect on Low-Energy Nucleon-Deuteron Scattering
The relativistic effect on differential cross sections, nucleon-to-nucleon
and nucleon-to-deuteron polarization transfer coefficients, and the spin
correlation function, of nucleon-deuteron elastic scattering is investigated
employing several three-dimensional relativistic three-body equations and
several nucleon-nucleon potentials. The polarization transfer coefficients are
found to be sensitive to the details of the nucleon-nucleon potentials and the
relativistic dynamics employed, and prefer trinucleon models with the correct
triton binding energy. (To appear in Phys. Rev. C)Comment: pages: 21, LaTex text + 7 ps-figures at the en
Reaction mechanism and characteristics of T_{20} in d + ^3He backward elastic scattering at intermediate energies
For backward elastic scattering of deuterons by ^3He, cross sections \sigma
and tensor analyzing power T_{20} are measured at E_d=140-270 MeV. The data are
analyzed by the PWIA and by the general formula which includes virtual
excitations of other channels, with the assumption of the proton transfer from
^3He to the deuteron. Using ^3He wave functions calculated by the Faddeev
equation, the PWIA describes global features of the experimental data, while
the virtual excitation effects are important for quantitative fits to the
T_{20} data. Theoretical predictions on T_{20}, K_y^y (polarization transfer
coefficient) and C_{yy} (spin correlation coefficient) are provided up to GeV
energies.Comment: REVTEX+epsfig, 17 pages including 6 eps figs, to be published in
Phys. Rev.
Benchmark Test Calculation of a Four-Nucleon Bound State
In the past, several efficient methods have been developed to solve the
Schroedinger equation for four-nucleon bound states accurately. These are the
Faddeev-Yakubovsky, the coupled-rearrangement-channel Gaussian-basis
variational, the stochastic variational, the hyperspherical variational, the
Green's function Monte Carlo, the no-core shell model and the effective
interaction hyperspherical harmonic methods. In this article we compare the
energy eigenvalue results and some wave function properties using the realistic
AV8' NN interaction. The results of all schemes agree very well showing the
high accuracy of our present ability to calculate the four-nucleon bound state.Comment: 17 pages, 1 figure
The alpha-particle based on modern nuclear forces
The Faddeev-Yakubovsky equations for the alpha-particle are solved. Accurate
results are obtained for several modern NN interaction models, which include
charge-symmetry breaking effects in the NN force, nucleon mass dependences as
well as the Coulomb interaction. These models are augmented by three-nucleon
forces of different types and adjusted to the 3N binding energy. Our results
are close to the experimental binding energy with a slight overbinding. Thus
there is only little room left for the contribution of possible 4N interactions
to the alpha-particle binding energy. We also discuss model dependences of the
binding energies and the wave functions.Comment: 22 pages REVTeX 4, 12 figures, table with TM parameters added, typos
corrected, version as published in PR
Patterning Bacterial Communities on Epithelial Cells
Micropatterning of bacteria using aqueous two phase system (ATPS) enables the localized culture and formation of physically separated bacterial communities on human epithelial cell sheets. This method was used to compare the effects of Escherichia coli strain MG1655 and an isogenic invasive counterpart that expresses the invasin (inv) gene from Yersinia pseudotuberculosis on the underlying epithelial cell layer. Large portions of the cell layer beneath the invasive strain were killed or detached while the non-invasive E. coli had no apparent effect on the epithelial cell layer over a 24 h observation period. In addition, simultaneous testing of the localized effects of three different bacterial species; E. coli MG1655, Shigella boydii KACC 10792 and Pseudomonas sp DSM 50906 on an epithelial cell layer is also demonstrated. The paper further shows the ability to use a bacterial predator, Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus HD 100, to selectively remove the E. coli, S. boydii and P. sp communities from this bacteria-patterned epithelial cell layer. Importantly, predation and removal of the P. Sp was critical for maintaining viability of the underlying epithelial cells. Although this paper focuses on a few specific cell types, the technique should be broadly applicable to understand a variety of bacteria-epithelial cell interactionsopen3
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