232 research outputs found

    Polarization observables in deuteron photodisintegration below 360 MeV

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    High precision measurements of induced and transferred recoil proton polarization in d((gamma) over right arrow, (p) over right arrow )n have been performed for photon energies of 277-357 MeV and theta(cm) = 20 degrees-120 degrees. The measurements were motivated by a longstanding discrepancy between meson-baryon model calculations and data at higher energies. At the low energies of this experiment, theory continues to fail to reproduce the data, indicating that either something is missing in the calculations and/or there is a problem with the accuracy of the nucleon-nucleon potential being used. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

    Nuclear dependence of the coherent eta photoproduction reaction in a relativistic approach

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    We study the nuclear (or A) dependence of the coherent eta photoproduction reaction in a relativistic impulse approximation approach. We use a standard relativistic parameterization of the elementary amplitude, based on a set of four Lorentz- and gauge-invariant amplitudes, to calculate the coherent production cross section from He-4, C-12, and Ca-40. In contrast to nonrelativistic treatments, our approach maintains the full relativistic structure of the process. The nuclear structure affects the process through the ground-state tensor density. This density is sensitive to relativistic effects and depends on A in a different manner than the vector density used in nonrelativistic approaches. This peculiar dependence results in He-4 having a cross section significantly smaller than that of C-12---in contrast to existent nonrelativistic calculations. Distortion effects are incorporated through an eta-nucleus optical potential that is computed in a simple ``t rho'' approximation.Comment: 4 pages, 3 postscript figures. The replace is due to a misspelling in the Authors' lis

    Electroexcitation of the Δ+ (1232) at Low Momentum Transfer

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    We report on new p(e, e\u27 p)π°. measurements at the Δ+(1232) resonance at the low momentum transfer region, where the mesonic cloud dynamics is predicted to be dominant and rapidly changing, offering a test bed for chiral effective field theory calculations. The new data explore the Q2 dependence of the resonant quadrupole amplitudes and for the first time indicate that the Electric and the Coulomb quadrupole amplitudes converge as Q2 -\u3e 0. The measurements of the Coulomb quadrupole amplitude have been extended to the lowest momentum transfer ever reached, and suggest that more than half of its magnitude is attributed to the mesonic cloud in this region. The new data disagree with predictions of constituent quark models and are in reasonable agreement with dynamical calculations that include pion cloud effects, chiral effective field theory and lattice calculations. The measurements indicate that improvement is required to the theoretical calculations and provide valuable input that will allow their refinements

    Three-Nucleon Photodisintegration of 3He

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    The three-nucleon photodisintegration of 3He has been calculated in the whole phase space using consistent Faddeev equations for the three-nucleon bound and scattering states. Modern nucleon-nucleon and 3N forces have been applied as well as different approaches to nuclear currents. Phase space regions are localized where 3N force effects are especially large. In addition semi-exclusive cross sections for 3He(gamma,N) have been predicted which carry interesting peak structures. Finally some data for the exclusive 3N breakup process of 3He and its total breakup cross section have been compared to theory.Comment: 28 pages, 6 png figures, 11 ps figures, modified version with changed figures, conclusions unchanged, to appear in Phys.Rev.

    Measurement of the Partial Cross Sections s(TT), s(LT) and [s(T)+epsilon*s(L)] of the p(e,e' pi+)n Reaction in the Delta(1232) Resonance

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    We report new precision p(e,e' pi+})n measurements in the Delta(1232) resonance at Q2 = 0.127(GeV/c)2 obtained at the MIT-Bates Out-Of-Plane scattering facility. These are the lowest, but non-zero, Q2 measurements in the pi+ channel. The data offer new tests of the theoretical calculations, particularly of the background amplitude contributions. The chiral effective field theory and Sato-Lee model calculations are not in agreement with this experiment

    Investigation of the conjectured nucleon deformation at low momentum transfer

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    We report new precise H(e,ep)π0(e,e^\prime p)\pi^0 measurements at the Δ(1232)\Delta(1232) resonance at Q2=0.127Q^2= 0.127 (GeV/c)2^2 using the MIT/Bates out-of-plane scattering (OOPS) facility. The data reported here are particularly sensitive to the transverse electric amplitude (E2E2) of the γNΔ\gamma^* N\to\Delta transition. Analyzed together with previous data yield precise quadrupole to dipole amplitude ratios EMR=(2.3±0.3stat+sys±0.6model)EMR = (-2.3 \pm 0.3_{stat+sys} \pm 0.6_{model})% and CMR=(6.1±0.2stat+sys±0.5model)CMR = (-6.1 \pm 0.2_{stat+sys}\pm 0.5_{model})% and for M1+3/2=(41.4±0.3stat+sys±0.4model)(103/mπ+)M^{3/2}_{1+} = (41.4 \pm 0.3_{stat+sys}\pm 0.4_{model})(10^{-3}/m_{\pi^+}). They give credence to the conjecture of deformation in hadronic systems favoring, at low Q2Q^2, the dominance of mesonic effects.Comment: 4 pages, 1figur

    HD 181068: A Red Giant in a Triply-Eclipsing Compact Hierarchical Triple System

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    Hierarchical triple systems comprise a close binary and a more distant component. They are important for testing theories of star formation and of stellar evolution in the presence of nearby companions. We obtained 218 days of Kepler photometry of HD 181068 (magnitude of 7.1), supplemented by groundbased spectroscopy and interferometry, which show it to be a hierarchical triple with two types of mutual eclipses. The primary is a red giant that is in a 45-day orbit with a pair of red dwarfs in a close 0.9-day orbit. The red giant shows evidence for tidally-induced oscillations that are driven by the orbital motion of the close pair. HD 181068 is an ideal target for studies of dynamical evolution and testing tidal friction theories in hierarchical triple systems.Comment: 22 pages, including supporting on-line material. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of the AAAS for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Science Vol. 332 no. 6026 pp. 216-218 (8 April 2011), doi:10.1126/science.1201762. http://www.sciencemag.org/content/332/6026/216.ful

    A Comparison of Polarization Observables in Electron Scattering from the Proton and Deuteron

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    Recoil proton polarization observables were measured for both the p(e\vec {\rm e},ep^\prime\vec{\rm p}\,) and d(e\vec {\rm e},ep)^\prime\vec{\rm p}\,)n reactions at two values of Q2^2 using a newly commissioned proton Focal Plane Polarimeter at the M.I.T.-Bates Linear Accelerator Center. The hydrogen and deuterium spin-dependent observables DD_{\ell\ell} and DtD_{{\ell}t}, the induced polarization PnP_n and the form factor ratio GEp/GMpG^p_E/G^p_M were measured under identical kinematics. The deuterium and hydrogen results are in good agreement with each other and with the plane-wave impulse approximation (PWIA).Comment: 9 pages, 1 figure; accepted by Phys. Rev. Let
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