QUALIDADE FISIOLÓGICA E SANITÁRIA DE SEMENTES DE MILHO TRATADAS COM PRODUTOS ALTERNATIVOS EM CONDIÇÕES DE ARMAZENAMENTO

Fungos fitopatogênicos podem associar-se a sementes de milho em todas as etapas de produção, reduzindo a qualidade fisiológica das sementes e a produtividade da área plantada. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a qualidade fisiológica e sanitária de sementes de milho quando tratadas com extrato foliar aquoso e macerado seco de alho, nim, cinamomo e citronela. Foi utilizado para cada extrato e macerado três doses, estes foram aplicados em dois lotes de sementes de milho, e em seguida foram armazenadas em câmara fria por seis meses, após esse período foram realizadas as avaliações. Na análise sanitária foram detectados em todos os tratamentos os seguintes fungos: Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Rhizopus spp., Trichoderma spp., Fusarium spp. e Penicillium spp. Para o lote MC 78 os extratos apresentaram redução significativa de Fusarium nas duas doses de alho, e do Penicillium em todos os tratamentos. Nos tratamentos com macerado, verificou-se redução significativa de Penicillium nas sementes tratadas com citronella e alho, nos lote MC 76 e MC 78, respectivamente. A qualidade fisiológica das sementes de milho não foi influenciada pelos tratamentos utilizados

QUALIDADE SANITÁRIA DE SEMENTES DE FEIJÃO CRIOULO PRODUZIDAS NO AGRESTE PERNAMBUCANO

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a qualidade sanitária de sementes de 13variedades de feijão crioulo (Phaseolus vulgaris) , produzidas por agricultores do município deSão João, agreste pernambucano, Brasil. A qualidade sanitária das sementes foi avaliada pelométodo do papel de filtro e de germinação conforme metodologia estabelecida pela RAS. Naanálise sanitária, foram identificados sete gêneros de fungos associados às sementes. Dentreesses fungos de armazenamento presentes se destacaram o Penicillium e Aspergillus, detectadosem 12 (%) e 10 (%) das variedades avaliadas, respectivamente e dentre as quais, Roxo e Favitaapresentaram baixa germinação, o que não ocorreu com as demais. Nestas variedades odecréscimo na germinação pode estar relacionada com a alta incidência desses dois fungos. Foiobservada também incidência de 23% do fungo Colletotrichum lindemuthianum na variedadePreta, diferindo estatisticamente das demais. E as espécies de Fusarium apresentaram incidênciasvariando da ordem de 1-2% nas variedades Roxa, Pau, Carioca e Preto

EFEITO DE INDUTORES DE RESISTÊNCIA NO CONTROLE DA ANTRACNOSE DO BASTÃO DO IMPERADOR (ETLINGERA ELATIOR)

O cultivo de flores tropicais no Nordeste ocorre nas regiões de maior precipitação e umidade, favorecendo a ocorrência de doenças causadas por fungos, bactérias, nematoides e vírus. Dentre estas se destaca a antracnose, principalmente, pela redução da qualidade das inflorescências para comercialização. Este trabalho objetivou avaliar o efeito de indutores de resistência no controle da antracnose pós-colheita em bastão do imperador e detectar a atividade da proteína de defesa de plantas ?-1,3- glucanase nas inflorescências. Os indutores foram aplicados por pulverização na inflorescência fechada, e 5 a 7 dias após a abertura. Foram testados: Acibenzolar-S-methyl 10 e 20g PC/100 L de água; jasmonato 15 e 30 mg/L de água; Agro-mos® 100-200 mL/ 100 L de água; Crop-Set® 100-200 mL/ 100 L de água; Ecolife®40 100-200 mL/ 100 L de água; Tiofanato-metilico 50-70 g/ 100 L de água, e controle tratado com água. Foram avaliadas as dimensões das lesões e atividade da ?-1,3-glucanase. O isolado de Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, foi identificado pela obtenção de fragmento de 450 pb na reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR), utilizando os oligonucleotídeos específicos CgInt e ITS4. Houve redução da severidade da antracnose quando jasmonato (2,75 cm) e Crop-set® (2,90 cm) foram utilizados na maior dose, embora sem diferir da testemunha (3,69 cm). Maior atividade de ?-1,3-glucanase resultou da aplicação de Crop-set® (164,71) e Ecolife®40 (145,93) na maior dose, e de jasmonato (147,27) na menor dose, em relação à testemunha (82,69)

AVALIAÇÃO DA QUALIDADE FISIOLÓGICA E SANITÁRIA DE SEMENTES DE FEIJJÃO CAUPI DURANTE O BENEFICIAMENTO

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a qualidade fisiológica e sanitária de sementes de feijão caupi (Vigna unguiculata) durante as etapas de beneficiamento. As amostras foram obtidas durante as fases do beneficiamento de recepção, pré-limpeza, pós-mesa de gravidade, antes do ensaque. As sementes foram avaliadas quanto a germinação, primeira contagem da germinação e condutividade elétrica. Para avaliação da qualidade sanitária utilizou-se o método do papel filtro em gerbox (blotter-test). O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado com 16 repetições com 25 sementes. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e as médias comparadas através do teste de Tukey a 5% de significância. Foi observado um incremento na porcentagem de germinação e vigor após as sementes passarem pela mesa densimétrica, posição superior. Na avaliação da sanidade das sementes de feijão caupi, nos diferentes pontos de amostragem da linha de beneficiamento, foram detectados os seguintes fungos: Aspergillus spp., Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Penicillium spp., Cladosporium spp., Rhizopus spp., Fusarium spp., Nigrospora spp., Colletotrichum lindemuthianum e Phomopsis spp. Os resultados do teste de sanidade também mostram a redução na ocorrência de sementes contaminadas com os fungos Fusarium spp (100%), Cladosporium spp. (97%) e Rhizopus spp. (60%), ao longo de cada etapa do beneficiamento. Com relação ao Aspergillus flavus, pôde-se verificar a ação da mesa de gravidade, as sementes com maiores incidências foram aquelas de menor densidade

TESTE DE CONDUTIVIDADE ELÉTRICA PARA AVALIAÇÃO DA QUALIDADE FISIOLÓGICA DE SEMENTES DE CEBOLA

O trabalho teve por objetivo adequar o teste de condutividade elétrica para avaliar o vigor de sementes de diferentes cultivares de cebola, considerando os efeitos da temperatura, volume e período de imersão de água. As sementes de cebola de cinco cultivares, foram submetidos à determinação de umidade, germinação, primeira contagem , emergência de plântulas em solo, envelhecimento acelerado e condutividade elétrica. O teste de condutividade elétrica foi realizado com 50 sementes foram imersas em 50 e 75 mL de água destilada, nas temperaturas de 20°, 25 ° e 30°C, por 2, 4, 6, 8, 24, 48, 72 e 96 horas de imersão. O uso do teste de condutividade elétrica utilizando 50 sementes imersas em 50 mL de água destilada, a 20ºC, a partir de 48 horas de imersão, constituiu um opção promissora para avaliação da qualidade de sementes de cebola

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

Mucor minutus (Baijal & B.S. Mehrotra) Schipper: a rare mucoralean fungi isolated for the first time in northeastern Brazil

Mucor minutus (Baijal & B.S. Mehrotra) Schipper is described for the first time from northeastern Brazil. The specimen was isolated from the soil of Florestas do Jussará, an upland forest fragment in Pernambuco state. In Brazil, M. minutus has previously been isolated only from the state of São Paulo from the soil of the Atlantic Forest. The occurrence of M. minutus in Florestas do Jussará is presented and discussed, and a detailed description and illustration of the specimen are presented. This article contributes to the knowledge of mucoralean distribution

Two New Species of <i>Backusella</i> (<i>Mucorales, Mucoromycota</i>) from Soil in an Upland Forest in Northeastern Brazil with an Identification Key of <i>Backusella</i> from the Americas

During a survey of Mucorales from a forest located in Pernambuco state, Brazil, two new Backusella species were discovered and described based on morphological and molecular data (internal transcribed spacer and large subunit ribosomal DNA sequences). Both species were characterized as unbranched sporangiophores and sporangia with columellae of varied shapes forming. Multispored sporangiola were frequent, whereas unispored sporangiola were rare. URM 8395 forms sporangiophores that may support hyaline, slightly curved or circinate pedicels with multispored sporangiola at their apical portion, and abundant giant cells and chlamydospores. Columellae of sporangia are hyaline, conical (majority), or ellipsoidal with a truncate base, globose to subglobose or subglobose to conical, and, rarely, with slight medial constriction. URM 8427 does not form sporangiola from pedicels, giant cells are not observed, and columellae of sporangia are globose to subglobose, cylindrical with a truncate base, some with a slight constriction, applanate, obovoid, ellipsoidal, or, rarely, conical. Some columellae may have one side more swollen than the other and some are arranged obliquely on the sporangiophores. Sterile sporangia may or may not be formed on short sporophores. The detailed description and illustration of both novel species as well as an identification key for Backusella from the Americas are provided

Discovery of Backusella paraconstricta sp. nov. (Mucorales, Mucoromycota) in an upland forest in northeastern Brazil with an identification key for Backusella from the Americas

Abstract During a survey of mucoralean fungi in soil from an upland forest area located in Pernambuco, Brazil, a strain of Backusella (URM 8637) was isolated. Based on morphological, physiological, and molecular data [internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and large subunit (LSU) ribosomal DNA regions], it was recognized that this Backusella differed from all other species in the genus. Morphologically, the new species is characterized as forming varied-shaped columellae, including elongated, basally constricted, unisporate (rare) and multisporate sporangiola, and ellipsoidal sporangiospores. The maximum temperature growth of URM 8637 on malt extract agar and potato dextrose agar was 36 °C. In the phylogram, it was closely related to B. constricta. Based on the evidence from the analyzed datasets, a new species of Backusella is proposed. An updated identification key for Backusella from the Americas is provided

Brazilian Flora 2020: Leveraging the power of a collaborative scientific network

International audienceThe shortage of reliable primary taxonomic data limits the description of biological taxa and the understanding of biodiversity patterns and processes, complicating biogeographical, ecological, and evolutionary studies. This deficit creates a significant taxonomic impediment to biodiversity research and conservation planning. The taxonomic impediment and the biodiversity crisis are widely recognized, highlighting the urgent need for reliable taxonomic data. Over the past decade, numerous countries worldwide have devoted considerable effort to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC), which called for the preparation of a working list of all known plant species by 2010 and an online world Flora by 2020. Brazil is a megadiverse country, home to more of the world's known plant species than any other country. Despite that, Flora Brasiliensis, concluded in 1906, was the last comprehensive treatment of the Brazilian flora. The lack of accurate estimates of the number of species of algae, fungi, and plants occurring in Brazil contributes to the prevailing taxonomic impediment and delays progress towards the GSPC targets. Over the past 12 years, a legion of taxonomists motivated to meet Target 1 of the GSPC, worked together to gather and integrate knowledge on the algal, plant, and fungal diversity of Brazil. Overall, a team of about 980 taxonomists joined efforts in a highly collaborative project that used cybertaxonomy to prepare an updated Flora of Brazil, showing the power of scientific collaboration to reach ambitious goals. This paper presents an overview of the Brazilian Flora 2020 and provides taxonomic and spatial updates on the algae, fungi, and plants found in one of the world's most biodiverse countries. We further identify collection gaps and summarize future goals that extend beyond 2020. Our results show that Brazil is home to 46,975 native species of algae, fungi, and plants, of which 19,669 are endemic to the country. The data compiled to date suggests that the Atlantic Rainforest might be the most diverse Brazilian domain for all plant groups except gymnosperms, which are most diverse in the Amazon. However, scientific knowledge of Brazilian diversity is still unequally distributed, with the Atlantic Rainforest and the Cerrado being the most intensively sampled and studied biomes in the country. In times of “scientific reductionism”, with botanical and mycological sciences suffering pervasive depreciation in recent decades, the first online Flora of Brazil 2020 significantly enhanced the quality and quantity of taxonomic data available for algae, fungi, and plants from Brazil. This project also made all the information freely available online, providing a firm foundation for future research and for the management, conservation, and sustainable use of the Brazilian funga and flora