The prevalence of kidney scarring due to urinary tract infection in Iranian children: a systematic review and meta-analysis

INTRODUCTION: Urinary tract infection is one of the most common diseases in childhood, and can lead to severe complications such as renal scarring in case of lack of diagnosis and timely treatment. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of kidney scarring caused by urinary tract infection in Iranian children by meta-analysis. STUDY DESIGN: English -language databases including Science Direct, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Springer, and Persian -language sites including SID, Magiran, Iranmedex, and Medlib, and the Google Scholar search engine were searched by in March 2018 using MeSH keywords. The heterogeneity of studies was studied using the I2 index. Data were analyzed using STATA software, version 15.1. RESULTS: In 18 studies, the prevalence of kidney scarring from urinary tract infections in Iranian children was 31% (95% confidence intervalCI: 22%-39%), (which was 14% in girls and 23% in boys. Also, the prevalence of kidney scar in children with urinary reflux was 47% and in children without urinary reflux was 12%. The most common symptom of the renal scar was fever in 61%, followed by urinary reflux in 45% (unilateral in 42% and bilateral in 30%). Also, the prevalence of mild, moderate, and severe reflux, respectively, was 31%, 27%, and 13%. Meta-regression also showed that the prevalence of kidney scar due to urinary tract infections had no significant relationship with the number of samples and years of research (P > 0.05). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: About one-third of Iranian children suffering from urinary tract infections had kidney scarring, so that the prevalence is lower in girls than in boys. Also, the prevalence of renal scarring in children with urinary reflux is about four times higher than that in children without urinary reflux

The Relationship between Prostate Cancer and Metformin Consumption: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis study.

INTRODUCTION: Prostate cancer is the most common malignant cancer in men worldwide and after lung cancer is the second leading cause of cancer deaths in men. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between prostate cancer and metformin consumption in men. METHOD: The current study is a systematic and meta-analysis review based on the PRISMA statement. To access the studies of domestic and foreign databases, Iran Medex, SID, Magiran, Iran Doc, Medlib, ProQuest, Science Direct, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and the Google Scholar search engine were searched during the 2009-2018 period for related keywords. In order to evaluate the heterogeneity of the studies, Q test and I2 indicator were used. The data were analyzed using the STATA 15.1 software. RESULTS: In 11 studies with a sample size of 877058, the odds ratio of metformin consumption for reducing prostate cancer was estimated 0.89 (95%CI: 0.67-1.17). Meta-regression also showed there was no significant relationship between the odds ratio and the publication year of the study. However, there was a significant relationship between the odds ratio and the number of research samples. CONCLUSION: Using metformin in men reduces the risk of prostate cancer but it is not statistically significant

The evaluation of obsessive-compulsive disorder prevalence in iran: A metaanalysis and systematic review

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is the fourth most common psychiatric disorder after phobia, addiction and depression. There is not yet a comprehensive assessment of OCD prevalence in Iran; thus, in this meta-analysis study, it is tried to obtain a review of OCD frequency. To conduct a systematic literature review, keywords used for searching in databases include “Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder” and “Iran”. The designated international and domestic databases are Scopus, ISI, Google Scholar, PubMed and Medlib, Iran medex, Magiran, Sid, respectively. The data were analyzed by meta-analysis method (random effects model). Heterogeneity between studies was assessed using I2. The data evaluation was handled by STATA software package Ver.11 and different questioners were applied. In 15 examined articles with 1484 sample size, the prevalence of OCD in Iran was estimated 21.57 (CI: 95;14.15-28.99). In addition, the prevalence forrumination, obsessive-compulsive, checking obsession, washing obsession, and obsessives lowness were 70.06, 64.55, 41.81, 11.9 and 2.49,respectively. Theprevalence for severe, moderate and mild obsessive-compulsive disorder in Iran was 13, 25 and 9 respectively. In conclusion, the prevalence of OCD in Iran is higher than other countries. It is suggested that comprehensive prevalence surveys as well as etiological factors in Iran to be evaluated to gain a better resolution of this complex disease in this country. © 2016, International Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. All rights reserved

Quality of life in heart patients in Iran: A systematic review and meta-analysis method

It is predicted that approximately 25 million deaths will occur due to cardiovascular disease per year 2010. Since this disease affects people's quality of life, The purpose of this study is to investigate the quality of life of cardiac patients in Iran using Meta-Analysis method. The search was done using keywords of Quality of Life, Cardiac, Iran in the foreign databases of Pub, Scopus, med, ISI, Google Scholar and native databases such as Sid, Medlib, Iran medex, Magiran. The data was analyzed using Meta-Analysis (Random Effects Model). The heterogeneity of the studies was investigated using the I2 index. Data was analyzed using STATA Ver.11 software. SF-36 questionnaires were used in the investigated studies. Among the 13 attempted studies with the sample size of 1581 people done through 2003 to 2015, the average quality of life of cardiac patients was 42.09 (Confidence interval 95: 19.90 to 64.29). the mean score of quality of life of heart patients is 45/64 from social dimension, 43/46 from physical dimension, 48/24 from mental dimension, and 51/54 from vitality dimension. Also, the prevalence of excellent, fair and bad quality of life among the cardiac patients was 28, 52, and 22. The quality of life of cardiac patients is moderate

A study of prevalence of anxiety in Iran: Systematic review and meta-analysis

Background and objective: Anxiety is defined as an unknown or uncertain factor which causes distress of mind and sense of danger regarding various diseases including heart palpitation. The purpose of this study is to estimate the prevalence of anxiety in Iran through meta-analysis technique. Materials and methods: We searched international online databases such as Scopus, PubMed, ISI and Google Scholar and national online databases such as Magiran, Iranmedex, SID and Medlib for certain standard keywords including prevalence, anxiety, stress and Iran. The data were analyzed using meta-analysis technique (random effects model). Heterogeneity of studies was evaluated by I2 index. The data were analyzed with STATA Ver.11 software. Results: 81 articles were investigated with a sample size of 23455 people from 1993 to 2016. Prevalence of anxiety in Iran was 42 (36 in women and 27 in men). Prevalence of mild, moderate, intense and highly intense anxiety in Iran was 31, 37, 19 and 2, respectively. In addition, the prevalence of depression was 44, prevalence of stress was 40, prevalence of overt anxiety was 21 and prevalence of covert anxiety was 24. Conclusion: Due to the high prevalence of anxiety and as a result stress and depression in the population of Iran, new strategies are necessary to deal with this issue considering different strata and age groups

Prevalence of depression among university students: A systematic review and meta-analysis study

Introduction. Depression is one of the four major diseases in the world and is the most common cause of disability from diseases. The aim of this study is to estimate the prevalence of depression among Iranian university students using meta-analysis method. Materials and Methods. Keyword depression was searched in electronic databases such as PubMed, Scopus, MAGIran, Medlib, and SID. Data was analyzed using meta-analysis (random-effects model). Heterogeneity of studies was assessed using the I 2 index. Data was analyzed using STATA software Ver.10. Results. In 35 studies conducted in Iran from 1995 to 2012 with sample size of 9743, prevalence of depression in the university students was estimated to be 33 (95 CI: 32-34). The prevalence of depression among boys was estimated to be 28 (95 CI: 26-30), among girls 23 (95 CI: 22-24), single students 39 (95 CI: 37-41), and married students 20 (95 CI: 17-24). Metaregression model showed that the trend of depression among Iranian students was flat. Conclusions. On the whole, depression is common in university students with no preponderance between males and females and in single students is higher than married ones. © 2013 Diana Sarokhani et al

Investigating the status of public health in Iran: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Public health is an aspect of the health overall concept and is one of the most important factors in human evolution and improvement which relies on methods and strategies to prevent the development of mental illness and treatment and rehabilitation for them. This study was aimed at estimating the status of public health in Iran using the metaanalysis method. The search was conducted using keywords of health, mental health, general health, GHQ-28 and Iran in international databases including Pubmed, Scopus, ISI, Google Scholar, and national databases of Sid, Med lib, Iranmedex, Magiran. Data were analyzed using meta-analysis (random effects model) by STATA Ver.11 software. Heterogeneity of studies was assessed using I2 index. The GHQ-28 questionnaire was used in all studies. In 79 reviewed studies with a sample of 31765 people during the years 1999 to 2015, good general health in Iran was 50 (95 CI, 42-58), 40 of individuals had poor general health and 30 of individuals had fairly acceptable public health. Also, poor general health was 47 among women and 36 among men. A significant percentage of Iranians suffer from poor general health. Hence, noticing the state of public health and providing the basis for the realization of a dynamic and healthy life for community members seems essential

Prevalence of Obesity in Iranian Children: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background of the Study: Childhood obesity, in addition to the likelihood of its continuation in adulthood, is associated with an increase in mortality and various diseases. Purpose of the Study: This meta-analytic study aimed at determining the prevalence of obesity among Iranian children. Methodology: Two researchers independently searched national and international databases using MeSH, Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct, Web of Science, Springer, Magiran, Iranmedex, SID, Medlib, and the Google Scholar search engine. The heterogeneity between studies was evaluated using the P index. Data were analyzed using STATA software. This study was conducted based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement. Results: Among 93 studies with a sample size of 3,845,768, the prevalence of obesity in Iranian children was 7 (girls 8 and boys 10), and the prevalence of overweight was 12 (girls 17 and boys 15). The incidence rate of obesity in children was 13 based on US centers for disease control and prevention (CDC) 2000 reference, 11 on international obesity task force (IOTF) reference, 9 on World Health Organization reference, 9 on Iranian reference, 5 on CDC reference, and 3 on national center for health statistics (NCI IS) reference. Meta-regression diagram also showed that the prevalence of obesity in children was not dependent on sample size. However, the prevalence of obesity declined during the years 1999-2016, which was statistically significant. Conclusion: The prevalence of obesity in Iranian children was less than of their overweight. On the other hand, the prevalence of childhood obesity in girls was lower than that of boys, and the prevalence of child overweight among girls was higher than that of boys

Prevalence of Hypertension in Renal Diseases in Iran: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background: Hypertension is a risk factor for renal disease. Therefore, this study was aimed at estimating the prevalence of hypertension in renal patients in Iran through meta-analysis. Methods: The search was carried out using authentic Persian and English keywords in national and international databases including IranMedex, SID, Magiran, IranDoc, Medlib, ScienceDirect, Pubmed, Scopus, Cochrane, Embase, Web of Science, Medline, and Google Scholar search engine without any time limitation until 2017. Heterogeneity of studies was assessed using the I (2) index. Data were analyzed using STATA ver 11. Results: In 35 reviewed studies with a sample of 39,621 subjects, the prevalence of hypertension in renal patients was 35 (95 CI: 29-41) (25 in women and 18 in men). The prevalence of systolic hypertension in renal patients was 5, diastolic hypertension 26, and diabetes 23. The prevalence of hypertension in hemodialysis patients was 34, 27 in peritoneal dialysis, 43 in kidney transplantation, and 26 in chronic renal failure. In addition, meta-regression showed that the prevalence of hypertension in renal patients did not significantly decrease during the years 1988-2017. Conclusions: More than a third of kidney patients in Iran suffer from high blood pressure. The diastolic blood pressure of these patients is about five times higher than their systolic blood pressure. Moreover, the age group under 30 is a high-risk group. The prevalence of hypertension in women with kidney disease is higher than in men. In addition, patients who have kidney transplants are more likely to have high blood pressure than other kidney patients

Prevalence of obesity and overweight in Iranian students: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: Obesity and overweight are among the most common and serious health issues in many countries, leading to numerous medical consequences such as heart disease, hypertension, fatty liver etc. This review article addressed the prevalence of obesity and overweight in Iranian students by using meta-analysis. Methods: A number of domestic and international databases were searched, including IranMedex, Magiran, SID, Scopus, PubMed, IranDoc, Web of Science and Google Scholar. Eligible publications were 160 articles that addressed the prevalence of obesity or overweight. Data were combined using random effects model. Heterogeneity of the studies was examined by Q statistics and the I-2 index. Data were analyzed using STATA version 11.1. Results: In the 160 reviewed studies, a total of 481,070 individuals (6-20 years) were included. The prevalence of obesity among Iranian students based on body mass index (BMI) was 11 (95 confidence interval CI: 10%-12%) (in girls 8% 95% CI: 7%-10% and in boys 11% 95% CI: 10%-13%). The prevalence of overweight in students based on BMI was 12% (95% CI: 12%-13%) (in girls 13% 95% CI: 11%-14% and in boys 11% 95% CI: 18%-30%). The rate of obesity was 13% (95% CI: 11%-16%) in elementary school students, 10% (95% CI: 7%-14%) in secondary school students and 7% (95% CI: 6%-9%) in high school students. Conclusions: The prevalence rate of overweight was more than that of obesity with a 1% difference. The prevalence of obesity was higher in boys, while the prevalence of overweight was higher in girls. The prevalence of obesity was higher in primary school students than in secondary school students. This prevalence was higher in secondary school students than in high school students