69 research outputs found
Association of HIV status with sexual function in women aged 45-60 in England: results from two national surveys
Increasing numbers of women living with HIV are reaching their midlife. We explore the association of HIV status with sexual function (SF) in women aged 45-60 using two national cross-sectional surveys: the third British National Survey of Sexual Attitudes and Lifestyles ("Natsal-3") and "PRIME", a survey of women living with HIV attending HIV clinics across England. Both studies asked the same questions about SF that take account not only sexual difficulties but also the relationship context and overall level of satisfaction, which collectively allowed an overall SF score to be derived. We undertook analyses of sexually-active women aged 45-60 from Natsal-3 (N = 1228, presumed HIV-negative given the low estimated prevalence of HIV in Britain) and PRIME (N = 386 women living with HIV). Women living with HIV were compared to Natsal-3 participants using multivariable logistic regression (adjusting for key confounders identified a priori: ethnicity, ongoing relationship status, depression and number of chronic conditions) and propensity scoring. Relative to Natsal-3 participants, women living with HIV were more likely to: have low overall SF (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 3.75 [2.15-6.56]), report ≥1 sexual problem(s) lasting ≥3 months (AOR 2.44 [1.49-4.00]), and report almost all 8 sexual problems asked about (AORs all ≥2.30). The association between HIV status and low SF remained statistically significant when using propensity scoring (AOR 2.43 [1.68-3.51]). Among women living with HIV (only), low SF was more common in those who were postmenopausal vs. Premenopausal (55.6% vs. 40.4%). This study suggests a negative association between HIV status and sexual function in women aged 45-60. We recommend routine assessment of SF in women living with HIV
Pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer in two large pooled case–control studies
The association between duration of pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer has not been well characterized in large population-based studies. We conducted detailed analyses to determine the association between pancreatitis onset and pancreatic cancer risk.
Data from two case–control studies of pancreatic cancer (n = 4515) in the San Francisco Bay Area and the M.D. Anderson Cancer Center were pooled for analysis (1,663 cases, 2,852 frequency-matched controls). Adjusted odds ratios (OR) were estimated using a random-effects model.
In the pooled multivariable model, history of pancreatitis was associated with a 7.2-fold increased risk estimate for pancreatic cancer [95% confidence interval (CI): 4.0, 13]. The risk estimate was nearly 10-fold in participants aged <55 years (OR = 9.9, 95% CI: 3.5, 28). A shorter temporal history of pancreatitis was more closely associated with pancreatic cancer than was a longer temporal history: <3 years (OR = 29, 95% CI: 12, 71), 3–10 years (OR = 2.6, 95% CI: 1.5, 5.6), and >10 years (OR = 1.8, 95% CI: 0.7, 4.5, p
trend < 0.001).
A short temporal history of pancreatitis was highly associated with pancreatic cancer, suggesting that pancreatitis may be an early manifestation of pancreatic cancer in some individuals. Pancreatic cancer should be considered in the differential diagnosis of individuals with an episode of pancreatitis
DOCK4 and CEACAM21 as novel schizophrenia candidate genes in the Jewish population
It is well accepted that schizophrenia has a strong genetic component.
Several genome-wide association studies (GWASs) of schizophrenia have
been published in recent years; most of them population based with a
case-control design. Nevertheless, identifying the specific genetic
variants which contribute to susceptibility to the disorder remains a
challenging task. A family-based GWAS strategy may be helpful in the
identification of schizophrenia susceptibility genes since it is
protected against population stratification, enables better accounting
for genotyping errors and is more sensitive for identification of rare
variants which have a very low frequency in the general population. In
this project we implemented a family-based GWAS of schizophrenia in a
sample of 107 Jewish-Israeli families. We found one genome-wide
significant association in the intron of the DOCK4 gene (rs2074127, p
value=1.134 x 10(-7)) and six additional nominally significant
association signals with p<1 x 10(-5). One of the top single nucleotide
polymorphisms (p<1 x 10(-5)) which is located in the predicted intron of
the CEACAM21 gene was significantly replicated in independent
family-based sample of Arab-Israeli origin (rs4803480: p value=0.002;
combined p value=9.61 x 10(-8)), surviving correction for multiple
testing. Both DOCK4 and CEACAM21 are biologically reasonable candidate
genes for schizophrenia although generalizability of the association of
DOCK4 with schizophrenia should be investigated in further studies. In
addition, gene-wide significant associations were found within three
schizophrenia candidate genes: PGBD1, RELN and PRODH, replicating
previously reported associations. By application of a family-based
strategy to GWAS, our study revealed new schizophrenia susceptibility
loci in the Jewish-Israeli population
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