Dermoid cyst of the mesentery in an infant

7 months old male child presented with abdominal distension since birth. On examination there was a lobulated, tense cystic mass occupying almost 2/3 of the abdominal cavity. Ultrasonography (USG) revealed a predominantly hypoechoic mass measuring 17cm x 14cm x15cm. CT scan of abdomen showed a multiseptate cystic mass with eccentrically located areas of fat and calcification. Exploration of the abdomen revealed a huge thick walled cyst within the leaves of the mid ileal mesentery which could be enucleated out entirely after careful dissection. Histopathology suggested it to be a benign cystic teratoma (Dermoid cyst)

Tetranuclear complexes of [Fe(CO)<SUB>2</SUB>(C<SUB>5</SUB>H<SUB>5</SUB>)]+ with TCNX ligands (TCNX = TCNE, TCNQ, TCNB): intramolecular electron transfer alternatives in compounds (μ<SUB>4</SUB>-TCNX)[ML<SUB>n</SUB>]<SUB>4</SUB>

The complexes {(μ <SUB>4</SUB>-TCNX)[Fe(CO)<SUB>2</SUB>(C<SUB>5</SUB>H<SUB>5</SUB>)]<SUB>4</SUB>}(BF<SUB>4</SUB>)<SUB>4</SUB> were prepared as light-sensitive materials from [Fe(CO)<SUB>2</SUB>(C<SUB>5</SUB>H<SUB>5</SUB>) (THF)](BF<SUB>4</SUB>) and the corresponding TCNX ligands (TCNE = tetracyanoethene, TCNQ = 7,7,8,8-tetracyano-p-quinodimethane, TCNB = 1,2,4,5-tetracyanobenzene). Whereas the TCNE and TCNQ complexes are extremely easily reduced species with reduction potentials &gt;+0.3 V vs ferrocenium/ferrocene, the tetranuclear complex of TCNB exhibits a significantly more negative reduction potential at about -1.0 V. Even for the complexes with strongly p-accepting TCNE and TCNQ, the very positive reduction potentials, the unusually high nitrile stretching frequencies &gt;2235 cm<SUP>-1</SUP>, and the high-energy charge-transfer transitions indicate negligible metal-to-ligand electron transfer in the ground state, corresponding to a largely unperturbed (TCNX°)(Fe<SUP>II</SUP>)<SUB>4</SUB> formulation of oxidation states as caused by orthogonality between the metal-centered HOMO and the π LUMO of TCNX. Mö ssbauer spectroscopy confirms the low-spin iron(II) state, and DFT calculations suggest coplanar TCNE and TCNQ bridging ligands in the complex tetracations. One-electron reduction to the 3+ forms of the TCNE and TCNQ complexes produces EPR spectra which confirm the predominant ligand character of the then singly occupied MO through isotropic g values slightly below 2, in addition to a negligible g anisotropy of frozen solutions at frequencies up to 285 GHz and also through an unusually well-resolved solution X band EPR spectrum of {(μ<SUB>4</SUB>-TCNE)[Fe(CO)<SUB>2</SUB>(C<SUB>5</SUB>H<SUB>5</SUB>)]<SUB>4</SUB>}<SUP>3+</SUP> which shows the presence of four equivalent [Fe(CO)<SUB>2</SUB>(C<SUB>5</SUB>H<SUB>5</SUB>)]<SUP>+</SUP> moieties through <SUP>57</SUP>Fe and <SUP>13</SUP>C(CO) hyperfine coupling in nonenriched material. DFT calculations reproduce the experimental EPR data. A survey of discrete TCNE and TCNQ complexes [(μ<SUB>4</SUB>-TCNX)(ML<SUB>n</SUB>)<SUB>4</SUB>] exhibits a dichotomy between the systems {(μ<SUB>4</SUB>-TCNX)[Fe(CO)<SUB>2</SUB>(C<SUB>5</SUB>H<SUB>5</SUB>)]<SUB>4</SUB>}<SUP>4+</SUP> and {(μ<SUB>4</SUB>-TCNQ)[Re(CO)<SUB>3</SUB>(bpy)]<SUB>4</SUB>}<SUP>4+</SUP> with their negligible metal-to-ligand electron transfer and several other compounds of TCNE or TCNQ with Mn, Ru, Os, or Cu complex fragments which display evidence for a strong such interaction, i.e., an appreciable value d in the formulation {(μ<SUB>4</SUB>-TCNX<SUP>δ -</SUP>)[Mx+&amp;<SUP>#948; /4</SUP>L<SUB>n]4</SUB>}. Irreversibility of the first reduction of {(μ4-TCNB)[Fe(CO)<SUB>2</SUB>(C<SUB>5</SUB>H<SUB>5</SUB>)]<SUB>4</SUB>}(BF<SUB>4</SUB>)<SUB>4</SUB> precluded spectroelectrochemical studies; however, the high-energy CN stretching frequencies and charge transfer absorptions of that TCNB analogue also confirm the exceptional position of the complexes {(μ<SUB>4</SUB>-TCNX)[Fe(CO)<SUB>2</SUB>(C<SUB>5</SUB>H<SUB>5</SUB>)]<SUB>4</SUB>}(BF<SUB>4</SUB>)<SUB>4</SUB>

SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence among the general population and healthcare workers in India, December 2020–January 2021

Background: Earlier serosurveys in India revealed seroprevalence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) of 0.73% in May–June 2020 and 7.1% in August–September 2020. A third serosurvey was conducted between December 2020 and January 2021 to estimate the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection among the general population and healthcare workers (HCWs) in India. Methods: The third serosurvey was conducted in the same 70 districts as the first and second serosurveys. For each district, at least 400 individuals aged ≥10 years from the general population and 100 HCWs from subdistrict-level health facilities were enrolled. Serum samples from the general population were tested for the presence of immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies against the nucleocapsid (N) and spike (S1-RBD) proteins of SARS-CoV-2, whereas serum samples from HCWs were tested for anti-S1-RBD. Weighted seroprevalence adjusted for assay characteristics was estimated. Results: Of the 28,598 serum samples from the general population, 4585 (16%) had IgG antibodies against the N protein, 6647 (23.2%) had IgG antibodies against the S1-RBD protein, and 7436 (26%) had IgG antibodies against either the N protein or the S1-RBD protein. Weighted and assay-characteristic-adjusted seroprevalence against either of the antibodies was 24.1% [95% confidence interval (CI) 23.0–25.3%]. Among 7385 HCWs, the seroprevalence of anti-S1-RBD IgG antibodies was 25.6% (95% CI 23.5–27.8%). Conclusions: Nearly one in four individuals aged ≥10 years from the general population as well as HCWs in India had been exposed to SARS-CoV-2 by December 2020

Estimation of tuberculosis incidence at subnational level using three methods to monitor progress towards ending TB in India, 2015–2020

Objectives We verified subnational (state/union territory (UT)/district) claims of achievements in reducing tuberculosis (TB) incidence in 2020 compared with 2015, in India.Design A community-based survey, analysis of programme data and anti-TB drug sales and utilisation data.Setting National TB Elimination Program and private TB treatment settings in 73 districts that had filed a claim to the Central TB Division of India for progress towards TB-free status.Participants Each district was divided into survey units (SU) and one village/ward was randomly selected from each SU. All household members in the selected village were interviewed. Sputum from participants with a history of anti-TB therapy (ATT), those currently experiencing chest symptoms or on ATT were tested using Xpert/Rif/TrueNat. The survey continued until 30 Mycobacterium tuberculosis cases were identified in a district.Outcome measures We calculated a direct estimate of TB incidence based on incident cases identified in the survey. We calculated an under-reporting factor by matching these cases within the TB notification system. The TB notification adjusted for this factor was the estimate by the indirect method. We also calculated TB incidence from drug sale data in the private sector and drug utilisation data in the public sector. We compared the three estimates of TB incidence in 2020 with TB incidence in 2015.Results The estimated direct incidence ranged from 19 (Purba Medinipur, West Bengal) to 1457 (Jaintia Hills, Meghalaya) per 100 000 population. Indirect estimates of incidence ranged between 19 (Diu, Dadra and Nagar Haveli) and 788 (Dumka, Jharkhand) per 100 000 population. The incidence using drug sale data ranged from 19 per 100 000 population in Diu, Dadra and Nagar Haveli to 651 per 100 000 population in Centenary, Maharashtra.Conclusion TB incidence in 1 state, 2 UTs and 35 districts had declined by at least 20% since 2015. Two districts in India were declared TB free in 2020