Migration and Asylum in the Accession Process of Turkey to the EU - A Case of 'Securitisation' According to the Copenhagen and the Paris Schools of Critical Security Studies?

This study contributes to the current literature on migration and asylum as an empirical study that evaluates the increasing claims about their securitisation, in the context of membership negotiations between the EU and Turkey. Departing from the theoretical frameworks of the Copenhagen and the Paris Schools of critical security studies, the study moves onwards to propose an analytical framework that comprises both discursive and non-discursive practices. Accordingly, the study analyses official EU and Turkish discourse on migration and asylum as well as particular security technologies and bureaucratic policies (namely visa policy, border controls and readmission agreements) which are required to be implemented by Turkey as part of its accession to the Union. The study concludes that, although migration and asylum is not securitised in the accession process of Turkey to the EU in the Copenhagen School’s sense of the term; insecurity is inscribed into migration and asylum related themes through complicated linkages between policy issues, and negotiations in favour of the short-term political interests and fears of the EU and Turkey

A Parallel Ant Colony Optimization Algorithm Based on Crossover Operation

In this work, we introduce a new parallel ant colony optimization algorithm based on an ant metaphor and the crossover operator from genetic algorithms. The performance of the proposed model is evaluated using well-known numerical test problems and then it is applied to train recurrent neural networks to identify linear and nonlinear dynamic plants. The simulation results are compared with results using other algorithms

Parallel Ant Colony Optimization Algorithm Based Neural Method for Determining Resonant Frequencies of Various Microstrip Antennas

Artificial neural networks and heuristic algorithms are popular intelligent techniques in solving complex engineering problems. This article presents new approaches based on feed-forward artificial neural networks trained with Levenberg-Marquardt, touring ant colony optimization, and parallel ant colony optimization algorithms to determine the resonant frequencies of the rectangular, circular, and triangular microstrip antennas. The results achieved from heuristic- and gradient-based algorithms were compared to that of the other methods in the literature. The results obtained from the neural models for the various microstrip antennas are in very good agreement with the experimental results in the literature. The proposed neural model trained with parallel ant colony optimization algorithm provides better accuracy than the other algorithms presented in this article and the literature

Experimental Study of Hydrogen Addition on Waste Cooking Oil Biodiesel-Diesel-Butanol Fuel Blends in a DI Diesel Engine

In this study, the effects of hydrogen addition on diesel-biodiesel-butanol fuel blends were investigated in terms of engine performance, combustion, and emission characteristics under different engine operating conditions. The experiments were performed with eight different fuel blends at a constant engine speed of 2000rpm, which is the maximum torque value of all test fuels. The four operating conditions were at 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% engine loads. Hydrogen was delivered to diesel-biodiesel-butanol fuel blends through the intake manifold with different rates of fuel mass consumption. The experiment results were compared with euro diesel and absence of hydrogen addition for all test fuels. The experimental results have revealed that at 2000rpm engine speed, the brake torque, in-cylinder pressure, and exhaust gas temperature increased with the addition of hydrogen. Nevertheless, the brake-specific fuel consumption, carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), hydrocarbon (HC), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and smoke opacity emissions decreased under various engine conditions. The heat release rate was generally shown to be decreased with higher engine loads and increased with lower engine load conditions, while a rise in thermal efficiency was observed. Therefore, the addition of hydrogen in a diesel engine usually exhibited fewer emissions, improved the combustion process, and increased the brake torques of the engine by comparison to the absence of hydrogen addition