Penataan Ruang Daerah Aliran Sungai Ciliwung Dengan Pendekatan Kelembagaan Dalam Perspektif Pemantapan Pengelolaan Usahatani

Pembangunan yang sangat pesat di Daerah Aliran Sungai Ciliwung mendorong terjadinya konversi lahan pertanian menjadi lahan terbangun. Hal ini menyebabkan berkurangnya daerah resapan air sehingga terjadi banjir. Banjir tersebut merupakan indikasi bahwa tata ruang saat ini tidak sesuai dengan daya dukung wilayah. Selama ini, kebijakan pemerintah untuk penyelesaian pengelolaan kawasan DAS lebih didominasi oleh penyelesaian secara struktural. Selain itu, perencanaan penataan ruang yang telah disusun seringkali menimbulkan adanya konflik sektoral dan kewilayahan. Melalui studi literatur, dapat diketahui bahwa pendekatan yang bersifat nonstruktural harus dilakukan terlebih dahulu sebelum pendekatan struktural. Penataan ruang menggunakan pendekatan kelembagaan merupakan bagian dari pendekatan nonstruktural. Pendekatan kelembagaan dalam pengelolaan kawasan DAS Ciliwung dapat mengacu pada Ostrom\u27s Institutional Analysis and Development (IAD). Mekanisme imbal jasa lingkungan dan pemberian kompensasi dapat dilakukan melalui operasi dan pemeliharaan irigasi serta pengelolaan DAS secara bersamaan. Kualitas DAS yang terjaga dengan baik mampu menanggulangi banjir sekaligus menjaga kontinuitas air irigasi sehingga produktivitas USAhatani meningkat. Alokasi tata ruang kawasan DAS Ciliwung yang optimum dapat diperoleh dengan mengakomodir kebutuhan konservasi dan ekonomi secara bersamaan. Interaksi kelembagaan yang efektif merupakan langkah yang tepat untuk menjamin implementasi pengelolaan DAS secara terpad

Anti-inflammatory Activity of Camellia Sinensis, L. Extract Cream Combined with Vitamin C as Antioxidant on Croton Oil-induced Inflamation in Male Mice Strain BALB/C

Green tea extract cream contains epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) as the active ingredient for anti-inflammatory. Epigallocatechin gallate is easyly oxidized and able to reduce its effectivity as an anti-inflammatory. Therefore, an addition of antioxidants in order to increase its stability is required. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of adding the antioxidant Vitamin C on the effectivity of green tea extract as an anti-inflammatory. This study uses 6 groups of male mice strain BALB/C which were given treatment as follows: normal control, negative control, base cream, green tea extract (0.2%), Vitamin C cream (1%) and green tea extract cream with addition of Vitamin C. The anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated based on the expression of COX-2, inflammatory cells and the thickness of the epidermis in the skin tissue of mice after given crotton oil (0.1%) on the back for the induction of inflammation. After treatment cream for 3 days, mice were sacrificed for histopathological tissue preparations made with hematoxylin eosin staining and immunohistochemistry COX-2. Data were analyzed statistically with one way Anova followed by t-test to determine differences between groups at a significance level of 0.05. The test results indicate that cream of green tea extract is higher in decreasing inflammatory parameters in comparison with cream of Vitamin C, except in the thickness of epidermal parameter. Green tea extract cream with the addition of Vitamin C is higher in reducing inflammatory parameters than cream of green tea extract or cream of Vitamin C. The decline percentage of cells that express COX-2, inflammatory cells and the thickness of the epidermis in the each of groups were cream of green tea extract:57.95%;53.75%;34.83%, cream of Vitamin C:48.76%;34.96%;34.27%, cream of green tea extract and Vitamin C:61,89%;65,54%;46.30%, respectively. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that anti-inflammatory activity of green tea extract cream increased due to the addition of 1% vitamin C as an antioxidant

Payment for Environmental Services Approach to Reduce Flood in Ciliwung Watershed

Spatial planning has already been stipulated in Ciliwung Watershed, but its implementation is often not in line with the rapid development activities. To fulfill space demand, agricultural and forest areas are converted into open or built-up areas because the economic appreciation of forest and agricultural land is lower than that of open or built-up areas. Payment for Environmental Services (PES) is a tool designed to overcome environment mismanagement, which is beneficial for the lives of rural communities. PES should be considered in the formulation of spatial planning. This study was aimed to develop optimum land use pattern in reducing flood in Ciliwung Watershed, using PES approach. This study used a dynamic system approach, consisting of submodels for land use pattern change, runoff, value of farmland, upstream subsidy policy, population dynamics and environmental services. The results showed that the PES policy should be able to maintain the existence of paddy fields and dryland farming areas and to reduce runoff if it is implemented in the form of a guaranteed access to the market, and held in conjunction with efforts to prevent land conversion and to implement reforestation policies. The optimum land use pattern under this condition shall be reached in 2023, which consisted of 0.82% water bodies, 10.74% forest areas, 70.34 % built-up areas, 8.16% dryland farming areas, 4.97% grassland areas, 2.39% paddy fields areas and 2.58% open areas. This land use pattern can reduce runoff in Ciliwung River from 972.04 to 850 cm, and this level is considered to be flood-free. Communities living in the upstream areas are the most effective managers of the watershed

Tingkat Adopsi Petani Dalam Penerapan Pengendalian Hama Terpadu Padi Sawah (Oryza Sativa L.) Di Kecamatan Raman Utara Kabupaten Lampung Timur Provinsi Lampung

Pengendalian Hama Terpadu (PHT) sudah dikenalkan kepada petani oleh penyuluh melalui program Sekolah Lapang Pengendalian Hama Terpadu (SLPHT) dan pembinaan lanjutan untuk melatih petani agar menerapkan PHT. Namun, tercatat dalam programa tingkat Desa Rejo Binangun Kecamatan Raman Utara Tahun 2019 produktivitas padi di Kecamatan Raman Utara masih kurang maksimal dengan rata-rata produktivitas sebesar 4,1 ton/ha lebih rendah dari rata-rata produktivitas kabupaten sebesar 5,2 ton/ha di sebabkan oleh  maraknya serangan hama dan belum menerapkan pengendalian hama dan penyakit secara terpadu dengan baik. Pengkajian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui tingkat adopsi petani, dan menganalisis faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan tingkat adopsi tanaman padi sawah. Berdasarkan hasil pengkajian dari 45 orang sampel responden, 25 orang atau 55,5% responden berada pada tingat adopsi sedang, sedangkan 20 orang atau 44,4% responden berada pada tingkat adopsi tinggi. Faktor-faktor yang berhubungan terhadap tingkat adopsi petani yaitu luas lahan, dukungan kelembagaan petani, proses penyuluhan, karateristik inovasi. Strategi berupa penyuluhan dan pembinaan untuk meningkatan adopsi petani harus dilakukan