Cholangiocarcinoma

Cholangiocarcinoma is a malignant disease of the biliary ductal system which consists of intrahepatic (periphery) 5–10% and extrahepatic, which is further divided into proximal (perihilar) 60–70% and distal 20–30%. The etiology of this grave disease is unknown although many causative factors, including infectious, congenital, and genetic factors, causing chronic inflammation, which results in dysplastic changes of the biliary epithelium and eventual malignancy, have been implicated. The prognosis is poor except when discovered early. The treatment of intrahepatic (CCA) is partial hepatectomy, while radical bile duct resection with or without hepatectomy or pancreaticoduodenectomy is considered for extrahepatic cancer. Liver transplantation is considered in advanced diseases, without extrahepatic lymph node involvement. Palliation including endoscopic drainage or surgical bypass which is an option for unresectable diseases. Adjuvant therapy in the form of chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and photodynamic therapy is a consideration in patients with advanced disease. Many advances have been made in the treatment of cholangiocarcinoma, and hopefully long-term survival may be improved

A propos de l'origine nerveuse centrale de l'hyperadrénalinémie postinsulinique

SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

LES CONSEQUENCES METABOLIQUES DE L'HYPERALIMENTATION PARENTERALE

SCOPUS: NotDefined.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Unexpected discovery of 2 cases of hepatocyte nuclear factor 1α-mutated infracentimetric adenomatosis

We present 2 cases of hepatocyte nuclear factor 1α (HNF1α)-mutated adenomatosis, discovered for reasons unrelated to this disease, and identified using immunohistochemical methods. These new tools may further our understanding of the link between adenomas/adenomatosis subtypes and their complications, and their association with other abnormalities

Hepatocellular carcinoma treated by sorafenib with complete radiological response according to mRECIST criteria: Could we stop the treatment? About four cases

Hepatocellular carcinoma treated by sorafenib with complete radiological response according to mRECIST criteria: Could we stop the treatment? About four case

Pathological Diagnosis of Hepatocellular Cellular Adenoma according to the Clinical Context

In Europe and North America, hepatocellular adenomas (HCA) occur, classically, in middle-aged woman taking oral contraceptives. Twenty percent of women, however, are not exposed to oral contraceptives; HCA can more rarely occur in men, children, and women over 65 years. HCA have been observed in many pathological conditions such as glycogenosis, familial adenomatous polyposis, MODY3, after male hormone administration, and in vascular diseases. Obesity is frequent particularly in inflammatory HCA. The background liver is often normal, but steatosis is a frequent finding particularly in inflammatory HCA. The diagnosis of HCA is more difficult when the background liver is fibrotic, notably in vascular diseases. HCA can be solitary, or multiple or in great number (adenomatosis). When nodules are multiple, they are usually of the same subtype. HNF1 α -inactivated HCA occur almost exclusively in woman. The most important point of the classification is the identification of β -catenin mutated HCA, a strong argument to identify patients at risk of malignant transformation. Some HCA already present criteria indicating malignant transformation. When the whole nodule is a hepatocellular carcinoma, it is extremely difficult to prove that it is the consequence of a former HCA. It is occasionally difficult to identify HCA remodeled by necrosis or hemorrhage