PENGARUH PEMBERIAN PERASAN BIJI LABU MERAH (Cucurbita moschata) TERHADAP MOTILITAS, VIABILITAS DAN KEUTUHAN MEMBRAN SPERMATOZOA SECARA IN VITRO

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuktikan pengaruh pemberian perasan biji labu merah terhadap kualitas spermatozoa dengan parameter motilitas, viabilitas dan keutuhan membran spermatozoa secara in vitro. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Embriologi, Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan Universitas Airlangga. Bahan penelitian ini adalah semen segar domba ekor gemuk berumur ± 2 tahun, perasan biji labu merah, larutan Hank's, larutan HOS (Hipo Osmotic Swelling), NaCl fisiologis dan larutan eosin negrosin. Semen domba diperiksa secara makroskopis dan mikroskopis. Penelitian ini menggunakan lima perlakuan, yaitu larutan Hank's sebagai kontrol (P1), perasan biji labu merah 1% (P2), perasan biji labu merah 3% (P3), perasan biji tabu merah 10% (P4) dan perasan biji labu merah 30% (P5). Kemudian semen diberi perlakuan dan diperiksa motilitas, viabilitas dan keutuhan membran spermatozoa pada menit ke 30, 60, 90 dan 120. Data hasil penelitian dianalisis dengan uji F dengan menggunakan ANOVA interaksi dua faktor dan dilanjutkan dengan uji jarak berganda Duncan apabila terdapat perbedaan nyata antara perlakuan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan motilitas, viabilitas, dan keutuhan membran spermatozoa mulai menurun pada perlakuan dengan menggunakan perasan biji labu merah 1%. Penurunan kualitas spermatozoa paling tinggi tampak pada perasan biji labu merah 30% dan berbeda nyata pada semua perlakuan

SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY OF MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY DSSE10 IN HEAD SQUASH TOXORHYNCHITES SPLENDENS USING IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL PEROXIDASE TECHNIQUE

Dengue virus are transmitted from human to human by the bites of infective female Aedesmosquitoes from subgenus Stegomyia. One of the way to detect Dengue virus antigen is by usingimmunohistochemical technique. This method was reported to detect dengue vims antigen in lowlevels. The aims of this study is to measure sensitivity and specificity of monoclonal antibodyDSSE10 using SBPC to detect antigen Dengue virus in head squash Toxorhynchites splendenswere infected with dengue patient serum and RT-PCR as gold standart. Artificially-infected Tx.splendens mosquitoes with serum positif dengue virus were used as infectious samples and noninfectedTx. splendens mosquitoes were used as control negative. The immunohistochemichalSBPC assay using monoclonal antibody DSSE10 then applied in mosquitoes head squash todetect Dengue vims antigen. RT-PCR as a gold standart was applied in each mosquito thorax.The result were analyzed by descriptive stasistic test and 2x2 diagnostic test table. Monoclonalantibody DSSE10 using immunohistochemical SBPC assay in head squash Tx. splendens wasgave sensitivity 87,09% and specificity 92,5%. Conclussion of this study is DSSE10 Monoclonalantibodies can be used as primary antibodies for the detection of dengue vims antigen inmosquito head squashKeywords: Dengue viruses, SBPC, antibodies DSSE10, head squash, Toxorhynchitessplendens' Virus Dengue ditularkan dari orang ke orang melalui gigitan nyamuk Aedes dari subgenusStegomyia. Salah satu cara untuk mendeteksi antigen vims Dengue adalah dengan menggunakanteknik imunohistokimia. Metode imunohistokimia dilaporkan dapat mendeteksi antigen vimsDengue dalam kadar yang rendah. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah melakukan evaluasi sensitivitasdan spesifitas antibodi monoklonal DSSE10 dengan metode imunohistokimia Streptavidin BiotinPeroxidase Complex (SBPC) untuk mendeteksi antigen Dengue melalui scdiaan head squashnyamuk Toxorhynchites splendens yang diinfeksi dengan scrum penderita positif vims Denguedengan baku emas RT-PCR. Sampel penelitian adalah nyamuk Tx. splendens yang diinfeksisecara intrathorax dengan scrum positif vims Dengue dan serum negative vims Dengue, sedangkontrol positif adalah nyamuk yang diinfeksi virus Dengue serta nyamuk tanpa perlakuansebagai kontrol negatif. Sediaan head squash nyamuk Tx. Splendens yang dibuat, diperiksadengan uji imunohistokimia SBPC untuk mendeteksi antigen vims Dengue menggunakanantibodi monoklonal DSSE10. Pemeriksaan RT-PCR pada thorax nyamuk digunakan sebagai baku emas untuk uji ini. Hasil penelitian dianalisis dengan statistik deskriptif dan tabel ujidiagnostik 2x2. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan antibodi monoklonal DSSE10 dengan metodeimunohistokimia SBPC pada sediaan head squash nyamuk 73c. Splendens untuk mendeteksiantigen vims Dengue mempunyai sensitivitas 87,09% dan spesifisitas 80,44%. Kesimpulannyaadalah ntibodi monoklonal DSSE10 dapat digunakan sebagai antibodi primer untuk mendeteksiantigen virus Dengue pada head squash nyamuk.Kata Kunci: virus Dengue, SBPC, antibodi DSSE10, head squash, Toxorhynchitessplenden

INFEKSI CACING Hymenolepis nana DAN Hymenolepis diminuta PADA TIKUS DAN CECURUT DI AREA PEMUKIMAN KABUPATEN BANYUMAS

The occurrence of zoonotic helminths in rats and shrews constitute serious public health risks as these animals commonly cohabit with humans, and are  natural reservoirs of some helminth infections of public health importance. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of Hymenolepis diminuta and H. nana in rats and shrew and analyze the different presence of zoonotic helminth’s eggs based on species, sex and sexual maturity of rats and shrew in Banyumas District. Using cross-sectional design, this observational study was conducted on 5-14 May 2014. The trapped rats and shrews were screened for the two zoonotic helminths from the caecum of rats and shrews by the simple floatation technique. Collected data were analyzed descriptively. Results showed that out of 55 rats and shrew in Beji village 20.00 % were infected with H. diminuta and 9.09 % with H. nana, whereas out of 49 rats and shrew in Kedung Pring village 18.37 % were infected with H. nana and no H. dimunta infection were found. Infection of H. diminuta and H. nana in rats was considered to be of immense public health significance in human population who easily get infected as these animals commonly cohabit with humans

DETEKSI MUTASI V1016G PADA GEN VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNEL PADA POPULASI Aedes aegypti (DIPTERA: CULICIDAE) DI KABUPATEN KLATEN, JAWA TENGAH DENGAN METODE ALLELE-SPECIFIC PCR

AbstrakMeluasnya kejadian resistensi pada vektor virus Dengue di Jawa Tengah memerlukan strategi pengelolaan resistensi insektisida secara efektif. Oleh karena itu, informasi mengenai mutasi gen pada posisi 1016 di domain II segmen ke­6 gen VGSC pada nyamuk Aedes aegypti yang menyebabkan perubahan asam amino valin (V) menjadi glisin (G) akan dapat memperkuat penelitian operasional mengenai strategi pemilihan insektisida dalam program­pengendalian­vektor­Dengue.­Penelitian­ini­menggunakan­uji­Allele-Specific­Polymerase­Chain­Reaction(AS­PCR) yang dapat mendeteksi mutasi V1016G. Sampel penelitian ini adalah 22 ekor nyamuk Aedes aegypti dari Kabupaten Klaten yang berumur 2­5 hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 22,7% nyamuk belum mengalami mutasi (V/V), 59,1% nyamuk mengalami mutasi heterozigot (V/G) dan 18,2% nyamuk mengalami mutasi homozigot (G/G). Hal ini menunjukkan indikasi terjadinya resistensi populasi nyamuk Ae.aegypti terhadap insektisida sintetik piretroid yang disebabkan oleh mekanisme knockdown resistance.Kata Kunci:­Aedes­aegypti,­mutasi­V1016G,­Allele-Specific­PCR,­VGSCAbstractInsecticides resistance has spread rapidly among dengue vectors from Central Java, and require an effective insecticide resistance management strategies.one of the resistance mechanism in Aedes aegypti may arise through knockdown resistance or kdr which consists of single point mutation within the genes that are targeted by insecticide compounds. Mutation at position 1016 in domain II, segment 6 of the Voltage Gated Sodium Channel gene in Ae. aegypti leads to a valine to glycine substitution (V1016G) is associated with resistance to the type II pyrethroid. The result of this study will help us to strengthen basic and operational research on the­development­of­strategies­for­Dengue­vector­control­in­Indonesia.­This­study­utilized­an­allele-specificPolymerase Chain Reaction (AS­PCR) assay that could be used to detect the V1016G mutation. The assay was conducted on 22 female mosquitoes aged 2–5 days old. The result showed there were 22,7% wild type mosquito (V/V), 59,1% heterozygous for V1016G mutation (V/G) and 18,2% V1016G mutant homozygous (G/G). It indicated synthetic pyrethroid resistance in Ae.aegypti population caused by knockdown resistance mechanism.Keywords: Aedes aegypti,­V1016G­mutation,­Allele-Specific­PCR,­VGS

DETEKSI VIRUS HEPATITIS E (HEV) DAN HANTAVIRUS PADA INANG RESERVOIR (TIKUS) DI KABUPATEN KLATEN DAN KENDAL, PROVINSI JAWA TENGAH

Rats are animal reservoirs and harbours of several zoonotic pathogens diseases in humans. At least, there are 68 viruses of zoonotic agents that can be transmitted by rats. Two common types of viruses attackinghumans are Hepatitis E virus (HEV) and Hantavirus. Early detection of those viruses is fundamentally required in order to prevent disease transmissions to humans. The aim of the study was to detect and count the percentage of rats infected by HEV and Hantavirus in Kendal and Klaten Districts, Central Java Province. The research design used in this study was descriptive design with cross-sectional approach. The target population was rats distributed in Klaten and Kendal Districts. In addition, the research subject was trapped rats. Detection of Hantavirus was carried out using ELISA method and detection of HEV was conducted using nested reverse transcription PCR (nested RT-PCR). A total of 73 rats was successfully captured consisting of 2 genus and 4 species e.g. Rattus novergicus, R. tanezumi, R. tiomanicus and Bandicota indica. The trapped rats infected by HEV were 3.7% and 41.3% for Klaten and Kendal, respectively. However, the seropositive of Hantavirus was only found in Kendal District (20.5%). Rat control is necessary to prevent transmission of HEV and Hantavirus

Rickettsia pada Pinjal Tikus (Xenopsylla Cheopis) di Daerah Pelabuhan Semarang, Kupang dan Maumere

Abstract The genus of Rickettsia is gram negative bacteria causing rickettsioses and involve mammal hosts and arthropod vectors in their life cycle (lices, mites, ticks, and fleas). Rats were one of rickettsial hosts, and fleas were rat ectoparasites that involve in the transmision from bacteria into humans. Unspecific clinical manifestation and difficulties of laboratory diagnoses caused the information about rickettsioses in humans were still limited. The aim of this study was to detect Rickettsia spp on rat fleas. Rat flea specimens were collected from three seaports of Semarang, Kupang and Maumere. Specimens were analyzed using PCR method by gltA amplification (primer 877F and 1258R). Confirmation of rickettsia species was conducted by sequencing. The results showed percentages of rickettsial infections on rat fleas for Semarang, Kupang, and Maumere were 19%, 61%, and 44%, respectively. Seven samples from eighteen samples sequences confirmed as Rickettsia typhi and the other 11 samples were Bartonella sp. This study was provided additional information about the presence of Rickettsia in 3 seaport in Indonesia and could be initiating rickettsioses surveilans in the regions. Keywords: Rickettsia spp., Xenopsylla cheopis, rat, molecular, IndonesiaAbstrakRickettsia merupakan bakteri pathogen penyebab berbagai rickettsiosis yang siklus hidupnya melibatkan reservoir mamalia dan vektor artropoda (kutu, tungau, caplak, dan pinjal). Tikus merupakan salah satu reservoir bakteri Rickettsia dan pinjal merupakan ektoparasit tikus yang berperan menularkan bakteri kepada manusia. Gejala klinis tidak spesifik dan diagnosis laboratorium yang sulit menyebabkan informasi mengenai rickettsiosis pada manusia masih sangat terbatas. Tujuan penelitian adalah mendeteksi Rickettsia spp. pada pinjal. Sampel pinjal tikus diambil dari tiga daerah pelabuhan yaitu Semarang, Kupang, dan Maumere. Sampel dianalisa menggunakan metode PCR dengan amplifikasi gen gltA (primer 877F dan 1258R). Sekuensing dilakukan untuk mengkonfirmasi spesies Rickettsia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa persentase Rickettsia spp. pada pinjal tikus di Semarang 19%, Kupang 61%, dan Maumere 44%. Tujuh sampel dari 18 sampel yang disekuensing terkonfirmasi sebagai R.typhi dan 11 sampel sisanya merupakan Bartonella sp. Penelitian ini memberikan informasi tambahan tentang keberadaan Rickettsia di beberapa kota pelabuhan di Indonesia dan dapat dijadikan sebagai dasar surveilans rickettsiosis di Indonesia.Kata kunci: Rickettsia spp., Xenopsylla cheopis, tikus, molekuler, Indonesi