Broad-band Modeling of GRB Afterglows

Observations of GRB afterglows ranging from radio to X-ray frequencies generate large data sets. Careful analysis of these broad-band data can give us insight into the nature of the GRB progenitor population by yielding such information like the total energy of the burst, the geometry of the fireball and the type of environment into which the GRB explodes. We illustrate, by example, how global, self-consistent fits are a robust approach for characterizing the afterglow emission. This approach allows a relatively simple comparison of different models and a way to determine the strengths and weaknesses of these models, since all are treated self-consistently. Here we quantify the main differences between the broad-band, self-consistent approach and the traditional approach, using GRB000301C and GRB970508 as test cases.Comment: Appears in "Gamma-Ray Bursts in the Afterglow Era" proceedings of the Roma 2000 GRB Workshop; 3 pages; 2 figure

Speech Style Used by Najwa Sihab in Mata Najwa Television Talk Show “Di Balik Diam Budiono” Episode

Keywords: speech style, types of speech style, Mata Najwa, Najwa Sihab. When communicating, each person may apply different styles of speaking. In Sociolinguistics, different style in speaking is known as speech styles. This study investigates speech style produced by Najwa Sihab in Mata Najwa Metro TV talk show. Mata Najwa is one of Metro TV talk show programs hosted by a senior journalist, Najwa Shihab. In conducting the research, the writer tries to find the speech style used by Najwa Sihab in terms of diction and sentence structure. Moreover, the writer also tries to find out the possible reasons underlying the use of certain style. The main theory used in this study is by Keraf (2008), supported by Kridalaksana (1992), Holmes (2001) and Rais (2012). This study uses qualitative approach since the writer tries to analyze the transcript of Najwa Sihab utterances. The data of the study are Najwa Sihab's declarative utterances containing speech style in “Di Balik Diam Budiono” episode.The writer finds that Najwa Sihab uses informal style more dominantly than formal style in terms of diction. It means that Najwa tries to be more casual and makes the guest star more comfortable for being interviewed. While in terms of sentence structure, the writer cannot find the parallelism style and the mostly uses by Najwa is repetition style. Repetition is used to emphasize the certain point and also used to affirm something more clearly. From all the styles that are found, the writer interprets the reasons of each style and finds that the types of speech in terms of diction are mostly influenced by the factors of choosing speech style proposed by Holmes (2001), while the reason of choosing speech style in terms of sentence structure are mostly influenced by the function of the speech style itself.Finally, the writer hopes that this study can add knowledge for the students of English Study Program as the reference in conducting further studies of speech style. Moreover, there will be other studies that discuss about speech style with the different object or even the different theory

Analisis Perbandingan Kinerja Keuangan Bank Swasta Nasional Sebelum dan Sesudah Penerapan Arsitektur Perbankan Indonesia

The purpose of this study was to analyze comparative financial performance on a national private banks before and after implementation of the Indonesian Banking Architecture and to analyze the development of the application of the Indonesian Banking Architecture in private banks. This study uses secondary data from quarterly financial statements national commercial banks obtained from the bank during the period of 2002-2006. Sampling technique using purposive sampling method and data analysis methods used are financial ratios CAR, NPLs, ROA, ROE, NIM, ROA and LDR, statistical analysis normality test and two different test paired sample t test. Data processing for both the analyst using SPSS. The results showed that the comparison of the performance of the national private commercial banks before and after implementation of the Indonesian Banking Architecture 2002-2006 period there were no significant differences

Pengembangan Modul Biologi Berorientasi Quantum Teaching Dilengkapi Peta Pikiran Untuk Siswa Kelas XI SMA

Biologi merupakan salah satu mata pelajaran yang berhubungan denganalam. Dalam mata pelajaran biologi ini, banyak konsep-konsep penting yang harus dikuasai oleh siswa. Namun demikian tidak semua materi dapat dipahami oleh siswa dalam pembelajaran. Untuk membantu siswa dalam memahami materipelajaran dibutuhkan media pembelajaran. Salah satu media pembelajaran tersebut adalah modul yang dapat meningkatkan aktivitas dan hasil belajar siswa. Kenyataan yang ditemui di SMA Negeri 1 Bukit Sundi Kabupaten Solok. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, dilakukan penelitian yang bertujuan untuk mengembangkan modul biologi berorientasi Quantum Teaching dilengkapi peta pikiran. Modul pembelajaran ini dikembangkan dengan menggunakan model 4-D yaitu Define (Pendefinisian), design (Perancangan), Pada tahap development (Pengembangan). Hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa modul pembelajaran yang dikembangkan memperoleh skor rata- rata 88,40 % dengan kategori sangat valid. Uji praktikalitas modul pembelajaran oleh guru memperoleh skor rata- rata90,73% dengan kategori sangat praktis. Uji praktikalitas modul pembelajaran oleh siswa memperoleh skor rata- rata 83,20 % dengan kategori sangat praktis. Efektifitas modul pembelajaran dapat dilihat dari aktivitas dan hasil belajar siswa yang terdiri dari hasil belajar ranah kognitif dan afektif yang menunjukka n ketuntasan minimal KKM. Hasil penelitian inii dapat disimpulkan bahwa telah dihasilkan modul biologi berorientasi Quantum Teaching dilengkapi peta pikiran untuk siswa kelas XI IPA Sekolah Menengah Atas yang valid, praktis, dan efekti

Organizational Ambidexterity: Ketangguhan yang Dibutuhkan untuk Keberlangsungan Kinerja Organisasi Masa Depan

Organizational ambidexterity has emerged as a new research paradigm in organizational theory, but some fundamental issues in this debate remain controversial. Ambidexterity is the ability to exploit existing capabilities and to explore new opportunities. Achieving exploitation and exploration enables organizational success, even organizational resilience to improve and maintain sustained superior performance, but creates tensions and challenging. The ambidextrous organization excels in utilizing existing products to enable additional innovation and to explore new opportunities to drive more radical innovation, but related research is limited. This article aims to advance our understanding of the prerequisites of organizational prerequisites, approaches to achieving them, and to address the impact of each level of individuals and organizations for the sustainability of ambidexterity organizational achievements keywords: organizational ambidexterity, exploration-exploitation

Cosmological versus Intrinsic: The Correlation between Intensity and the Peak of the nu F_nu Spectrum of Gamma Ray Bursts

We present results of correlation studies, examining the association between the peak of the nu F_nu spectrum of gamma ray bursts, E_p, with the burst's energy fluence and photon peak flux. We discuss methods to account for data truncation in E_p and fluence or flux when performing the correlation analyses. However, because bursts near the detector threshold are not usually able to provide reliable spectral parameters, we focus on results for the brightest bursts in which we can better understand the selection effects relevant to E_p and burst strength. We find that there is a strong correlation between total fluence and E_p. We discuss these results in terms of both cosmological and intrinsic effects. In particular, we show that for realistic distributions of the burst parameters, cosmological expansion alone cannot account for the correlation between E_p and total fluence; the observed correlation is likely a result of an intrinsic relation between the burst rest-frame peak energy and the total radiated energy. We investigate this latter scenario in the context of synchrotron radiation from external and internal shock models of GRBs. We find that the internal shock model is consistent with our interpretation of the correlation, while the external shock model cannot easily explain this intrinsic relation between peak energy and burst radiated energy.Comment: 23 pages, including 8 postscript figures. Submitted to Ap

Continued Radio Monitoring of the Gamma Ray Burst 991208

We present radio observations of the afterglow of the bright gamma-ray burst GRB 991208 at frequencies of 1.4, 4.9 and 8.5 GHz, taken between two weeks and 300 days after the burst. The well-sampled radio light curve at 8.5 GHz shows that the peak flux density peaked about 10 days after the burst and decayed thereafter as a power-law t^-1.07. This decay rate is more shallow than the optical afterglow with t^-2.2, which was measured during the first week. These late-time data are combined with extensive optical, millimeter and centimeter measurements and fitted to the standard relativistic blast wave model. In agreement with previous findings, we find that an isotropic explosion in a constant density or wind-blown medium cannot explain these broadband data without modifying the assumption of a single power-law slope for the electron energy distribution. A jet-like expansion provides a reasonable fit to the data. In this case, the flatter radio light curve compared to the optical may be due to emission from an underlying host galaxy, or due to the blastwave making a transition to non-relativistic expansion. The model that best represents the data is a free-form model in which it is assumed that the broadband emission originates from a synchrotron spectrum, while the time-evolution of the break frequencies and peak flux density are solved for explicitly. Although the decay indices for most of the synchrotron parameters are similar to the jet model, the evolution of the cooling break is unusually rapid, and therefore requires some non-standard evolution in the shock. (abridged)Comment: ApJ, in pres