Hubungan Faktor Sosial Demografi Dan Kegemukan Pada Penduduk Dewasa Di Indonesia Tahun 2007 Dan 2010 (Analisis Data Riskesdas 2007 Dan 2010)

Kegemukan tidak lagi hanya menjadi masalah di negara maju tetapi bahkan kegemukan meningkat drastis di negara miskin dan berkembang. Indonesia sebagai negara berkembang dan dengan pertumbuhan penduduk yang pesat, distribusi sosial dan dampaknya harus di monitor dan tidak bisa diabaikan seiring dengan waktu. Hal tersebut bertujuan untuk menghindari intervensi yang salah sasaran dan mengurangi ketidakefektifan suatu program. Analisis ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kesamaan karakteristik demografi apa saja yang membuat kelompok rentan terhadap kegemukan baik pada tahun 2007 dan 2010. Analisis dilakukan dengan pendekatan kuantitatif baik secara deskriptif dan analitik. Data dalam analisis ini adalah data sekunder hasil Riskesdas tahun 2007 dan 2010. Sampel adalah penduduk Indonesia berusia >18-55 tahun. Total sampel data Riskesdas 2007 adalah 455.890 dan 132.934 (2010). Sedangkan total sampel dalam analisis ini adalah sebanyak 408.351 (2007) dan 125.563 (2010) setelah diekslusi. Kriteria gemuk didasarkan pada perhitungan indeks massa tubuh (IMT) lebih dari sama dengan 25. Analisis data dilakukan dengan regresi logistik ganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa baik pada tahun 2007 dan 2010, wanita, menikah, status sosial ekonomi yang lebih tinggi, bekerja sebagai PNS / karyawan / TNI/Polri dan tinggal di daerah perkotaan adalah faktor-faktor penentu obesitas tampaknya menjadikan kelompok tersebut paling rentan terhadap obesitas. Oleh karena itu, program kesehatan masyarakat harus mempertimbangkan faktor-faktor ini ketika merencanakan strategi untuk mencegah atau mengurangi masalah obesitas

Female, Live in Urban, and the Existence of a Caregiver Increased Risk Overnutrition in Elderly: an Indonesian National Study 2010

Background: Over-nutrition could leads health problems in the elderly which requires control efforts. Knowing the risk factors of over-nutrition is necessary to overcome the over-nutrition related health problems.This study aimed to identify the determinant factors of over-nutrition in the elderly.Methods: The study used a cross-sectional study as a part of Basic Health Research (Riskesdas) 2010. The subjects consisted of 16 142 respondents aged 60 years or older with normal nutritional status and overnutritionthat derived from 26 6510 household members. Riskesdas data on sociodemographic was collected by questionnaire. Nutritional status was measured using body mass index (BMI). BMI was categorized intonormal (18.5-24.9) and over-nutrition (25 or over). Nutrition intake was obtained from 24 hour food recall. Over-nutritional risk factors identifi ed by relative risks.Results: This analysis noted 3 184 (19.7%) subjects were over-nutrition and 12 958 (80.3%) were normal. Female than male 56% more risk to be over-nutrition [adjusted relative risk (RRa) = 1.56; 95% confi dence interval (CI) = 1.44;1.69]. Living in urban than rural area 30% more risk to be over-nutrition(RRa = 1.30; 95% CI = 1.24;1.35). While the presence of caregiver 26% increased to be over-nutrition in elderly (RRa = 1.26; 95% CI = 1.16;1.40).Conclusion: The presence of a caregiver, woman, and living in urban area increased risk to be over-nutrition in elderly. Health education is needed for the elderly family and caregiver to enhance their knowledge on providing balanced nutrition to control over-nutrition. (Health Science Indones 2012;1:9-14

Several Dominants Risk Factors Related to Obesity in Urban Childbearing Age Women in Indonesia

Background: The prevalence of women suffered from obesity is elevating, mostly in urban areas. Thiscould lead problems especially for chronic diseases. This study aimed to analyze several dominant riskfactors related to obesity in childbearing age women living in urban areas in Indonesia.Methods: This analysis used a part of Basic Health Research (Riskesdas) 2007 data. The samples werederived from 258366 households. Riskesdas data on socio-demographic and other factors was collectedby questionnaire. Nutritional status was measured using body mass index (BMI). Cox regression withconstant time analysis was used for the analysis.Results: This analysis noted that there are 14357 (18.8%) of women were obese and 62052 (81.2%)normal. Compared with the respective reference groups, women aged 25-49 had a 3.5-fold greater riskof becoming obese [adjusted relative risk (RRa) = 3.49; P = 0.000), and divorced or married had 2.5-foldhigher risk to be obese (RRa = 2.58; P= 0.000 and RRa = 2.62; P = 0.000, respectively). Furthermore,unemployed women had higher risk to be obese (RRa = 1.06; P = 0.000), and consuming excess proteinas well as often consume fatty foods made women had a higher risk of obesity (RRa = 1.09; P = 0.000 andRRa = 1.17; P = 0.000, respectively).Conclusion: Women aged 25-49, divorced or married, unemployed, consumed excess protein, and often consumefatty foods have a higher risk for becoming obese. (Health Science Journal of Indonesia 2015;6:63-8

Kepercayaan Diri (Self Esteem) Yang Rendah Meningkatkan Risiko Kenaikan Indeks Massa Tubuh (Imt) Pada Remaja Di Dua Sekolah Di Jakarta Selatan Tahun 2013

Obesity is beginning in younger age. Studies showed built environment have an effect on increasing risk ofobesity. Knowing the relation between environments where people live is necessary to overcome thenutrition related health problems. This study is aimed to measure relationship between obesogenicenvironment and changing in Body Mass Index. This was a time series study. The study subjects consist ofgrade eleven and twelve of 70 and 47 senior high schools in South Jakarta. The senior high school wasdifferentiated as obesogenic environments and non obesogenic environment based on observation of theschool environment. There were 152 respondents aged 15-18 years with non obese nutritional status(BMI<30). There were twice data collections with 6 months interval. Data on socio-demographic wascollected by questionnaire. Body Mass Index (BMI) was calculated based on weight and height. Changingin BMI was categorized as increasing and decreasing compare to first measurement in the previous sixmonths. Bivariate and multivariate statistical test was conducted using logistic regression analysis. Thisanalysis noted that 90 (58.5%) subjects decreased their BMI and 64 (41.5%) increased their BMI.Obesogenic environment (adj.OR = 0.42; 95% CI= 0.21-0.84), riding car or motorcycle to/from school (adj.OR=0.25; 95% CI = 0.09-0.73) increased risk of decreasing BMI. Low self esteem increased the risk ofincreasing BMI (adj. OR = 2.54; 95% CI = 1.26-5.11). Obesogenic environment around school, type oftransportation were the risk factors of decreasing BMI in adolescent. While low self esteem was the riskfactor in increasing BMI in adolescent. Education is needed for the adolescent to motivate and increasetheir self esteem especially in coping problems so eating is not the way out

Health Services And Its Utilization Related To Exclusive Breastfeeding And Early Breastfeeding Initiation Program In West Java Province

Despite the essential benefit of early initiation of breastfeeding and exclusive breast feeding during the first six months, the practice was still low. Health services and personnel play important role have not optimal yet in breast feeding. The aim of this study was to review the provision of health services and its utilization related to early breastfeeding initiation and exclusive breastfeeding practices in West Java province. This study was an analysis of the Indonesian Health Facility Survey (Rifaskes) 2011 and the Basic Health Survey (Riskesdas) 2010. It analyzed 45 public hospitals and 997 primary health centers in West Java Province from HFS and 285 infants (0-6 months) in West Java province from Riskesdas. It supplemented with qualitative data that obtained from in-depth interviews with the representatives from central government, Provincial Health Office, District Health Office (DHO), public health centers and hospitals in Bandung city and Bogor district, West Java. This study revealed that a number of gaps related to breastfeeding services in PHC and hospitals were still found. One of the influential factors that hindering the breastfeeding services in health services was the absence of local policy regarding early initiation of breastfeeding and exclusive breastfeeding practices in West Java Province. The limitation of human resources, facilities and specific budget were also become the obstacles in the implementation of the breastfeeding program. This study implied that most of community already utilized the maternal and childs heath care. This study indicated the importance of health services and support from health professionals for successful of breastfeeding. Thus the strong commitment of health personnels as well as the policy makers was really needed.Keywords : early initiation of breastfeeding; exclusive breastfeeding; health facilities; utilizationAbstrakMeskipun manfaat esensial dari inisiasi menyusu dini dan ASI eksklusif selama enam bulan pertama sudah banyak diketahui, namun prakteknya masih rendah. Pelayanan kesehatan dan tenaga kesehatan memegang peranan penting dalam peningkatan praktek menyusui namun belum optimal. Studi ini bertujuan untuk meninjau penyediaan layanan kesehatan dan pemanfaatannya terkait dengan inisiasi menyusui dini dan pemberian ASI eksklusif di provinsi Jawa Barat. Penelitian ini merupakan analisis dari Riset Fasilitas Kesehatan (Rifaskes) 2011 dan Survei Kesehatan Dasar (Riskesdas) 2010. Sampel dalam analisa ini adalah 45 rumah sakit umum pemerintah dan 997 Puskesmas dari data Rifaskes dan 285 bayi (0-6 bulan) di Provinsi Jawa Barat dari data Riskesdas. Analisis ini dilengkapi dengan data kualitatif yang diperoleh dari wawancara mendalam dengan pemerintah pusat, Dinas Kesehatan Propinsi dan Kabupaten/Kota (Dinkes), puskesmas dan rumah sakit di kota Bandung dan Kabupaten Bogor, Jawa Barat. Penelitian ini mengungkapkan bahwa sejumlah kesenjangan yang berkaitan dengan pelayanan inisiasi menyusu dini dan asi eksklusif di Puskesmas dan rumah sakit pemerintah masih ditemukan. Salah satu faktor berpengaruh yang menghambat pelayanan dan program ASI eksklusif dan inisiasi menyusu dini adalah tidak adanya kebijakan lokal mengenai inisiasi dini menyusui dan pemberian ASI eksklusif di Provinsi Jawa Barat. Keterbatasan sumber daya manusia, fasilitas dan anggaran khusus juga menjadi hambatan dalam pelaksanaan program ini. Penelitian menyirat kan bahwa sebagian besar masyarakat sudah memanfaatkan perawatan kesehatan ibu dan anak. Dengan pentingnya pelayanan kesehatan dan dukungan dari para profesional kesehatan untuk keberhasilan menyusui, komitmen yang kuat dari tenaga kesehatan serta pembuat kebijakan benar-benar diperlukan.Kata kunci: Inisiasi Menyusu Dini, Asi Eksklusif, Fasilitas Kesehatan, Pemanfaata

Panjang Badan Lahir Pendek Sebagai Salah Satu Faktor Determinan Keterlambatan Tumbuh Kembang Anak Usia 6-23 Bulan Di Kelurahan Jaticempaka, Kecamatan Pondok Gede, Kota Bekasi

Malnutrition early in life will have an impact on the quality of human resources. Malnourished children will experience a failure to achieve optimal growth and development. This study aims to determine factors associated with growth and development of children aged 6-23 months. This study used cross sectional design conducted in the village Jaticempaka, PondokGede, Bekasi. The population is children aged 6-23 months with a total samples of 95. Growth was defined by nutritional status using length for age index. Child development was measured by using Denver Developmental Screening Test II. Dataof gender, age, morbidity, birth weight and length and parents characteristics were collected using questionnaire. The data analysis was performed using univariate, bivariate and multivariate. The results showed that gender, age, birth length, and father's education were significantly associated with child growth and development. Birth length is one of the determinant factors of growth and development of children. Children who shorter in birth length has the opportunity to experience three times more likely to experience stunting and developmental delay (OR adj=3.08 ; CI 95% 1.03-9.15) after being controlled by age, gender and level of father's education. The consumption pattern of balanced nutrition both during pregnancy and early life of the child and father support knowledge about nutrition and health are needed so that children can grow and develop optimally

Gender and Other Factors and Risk of Mental Emotional Problems Among Students in Indonesia

Background: Mental emotional problems often occurred in young age. Most of the young age is student. Research in students' mental health is still not much. The research is to investigate some of the factors related to mental emotional problems in students in Indonesia. Method: This research using Riskesdas 2007 data, the survey was cross sectional. The subjects of the study were 15-24 years old and still in school. The mental health problems assessed using Self Report Questionnaire (SRQ-20). The mental health problems identified if respondents answer yes 6 questions and above. Results: The total sample of young age is 49,520. The total respondents analyzed are 48200 students age 15-24 years. The results revealed that 7.7% students were having mental emotional problems. Female students had 71% higher risk to be experiencing mental emotional problems than male students [adjusted odd ratio (ORa) = 1.71; P = 0.000]. Students live in Java are 68% riskier for having mental emotional problems than students live outside Java (ORa=1.68; P = 0.000). Students from low socio economic status had 8% higher risk to have mental emotional problems compare to students from high socio-economic status (ORa=1,08; P = 0,035). Conclusion: Female students living in Java and low socioeconomic status had higher risk to experience mental emotional problems. (Health Science Indones 2013;2:98-102

Hubungan Faktor Sosio-demografi Terhadap Sunat Perempuan Di Indonesia

Latar belakang: Praktik sunat perempuan di Indonesia masih terjadi dalam berbagai tipe. Sunat perempuan hingga saat ini belum terbukti bermanfaat bagi kesehatan. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor sosio-demografi yang berhubungan dengan praktik sunat perempuan di Indonesia. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan data Riset Kesehatan Dasar (RISKESDAS) tahun 2013 dengan desain potong lintang. Sampel dalam penelitian ini meliputi anak umur0-11 tahun, berjumlah 114.993 anak. Analisis menggunakan metode multivariat regresi logistik metode backward. Hasil: Prevalensi sunat perempuan di Indonesia sebesar 51,2%. Tingkat pendidikan kepala rumah tangga memiliki hubungan negatif terhadap praktik sunat perempuan (AOR = 0,83; 95% CI = 0,81-0,87). Kepala rumah tangga yang berumur lebih dari 40 tahun memiliki risiko 16% lebih rendah untuk melakukan sunat perempuan (AOR = 0,84; 95% CI = 0,81-0,87). Selain itu, status sosial-ekonomi memiliki hubungan positif terhadap sunat perempuan. Kesimpulan:Kepala rumah tangga denganpendidikan rendah dan tinggal di perkotaan cenderung untuk menyunatkan anak perempuannya. Oleh sebab itu, promosi dan edukasi khususnya pada masyarakat berpendidikan rendah diperlukan untuk mengurangi praktik sunat perempuan di Indonesia