Space, this great unknown

The cosmos as sprout of space Matter as condensation of quantum space The photon as a window into space When a photon ceases to be perceived it does not mean it has faded away When a photon is absorbed it only gives up its energy Elementary particles are just the allowed quantum states of a unique structural mould Elementary particles are not physical bodies, they are only quantum states There is only a physical body, the electrical charge Particles represent quantum states of the electric charge: |q ± > = fermions, = bosons

Hydroxyapatite coatings grown by pulsed laser deposition with a beam of 355 nm wavelength

Calcium phosphate coatings, obtained at different deposition rates by pulsed laser deposition with a Nd:YAG laser beam of 355-nm wavelength, were studied. The deposition rate was changed from 0.043 to 1.16 /shot by modification of only the ablated area, maintaining the local fluence constant to perform the ablation process in similar local conditions. Characterization of the coatings was performed by scanning electron microscopy, x-ray diffractometry, and infrared, micro-Raman, and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The coatings showed a compact surface morphology formed by glassy gains with some droplets on them. Only hydroxyapatite (HA) and alpha-tricalcium phosphate (alpha-TCP) peaks were found in the x-ray diffractograms. The relative content of alpha TCP diminished with decreasing deposition rates, and only HA peaks were found for the lowest rate. The origin of alpha TCP is discussed