3 research outputs found
Small-Molecule Arrays for Sorting G‑Protein-Coupled Receptors
Precise
self-assembled monolayer chemistries and microfluidic technology
are combined to create small-molecule biorecognition arrays. Small-molecule
neurotransmitters or precursors are spatially encoded on monolayer-modified
substrates. This platform enables multiplexed screening of G-protein-coupled
receptors (GPCRs) from complex media via protein–ligand interactions.
Preserving access to all epitopes of small molecules
is critical for GPCR recognition. The ability to address multiple
small molecules on solid substrates and to sort protein mixtures based
on specific affinities is a critical step in creating biochips for
proteomic applications
Advancing Biocapture Substrates via Chemical Lift-Off Lithography
Creating
small-molecule-functionalized platforms for high-throughput
screening or biosensing applications requires precise placement of
probes on solid substrates and the ability to capture and to sort
targets from multicomponent samples. Here, chemical lift-off lithography
was used to fabricate large-area, high-fidelity patterns of small-molecule
probes. Lift-off lithography enables biotin–streptavidin patterned
recognition with feature sizes ranging from micrometers to below 30
nm. Subtractive patterning via lift-off facilitated insertion of a
different type of molecule and, thus, multiplexed side-by-side placement
of small-molecule probes such that binding partners were directed
to cognate probes from solution. Small molecules mimicking endogenous
neurotransmitters were patterned using lift-off lithography to capture
native membrane-associated receptors. We characterized patterning
of alkanethiols that self-assemble on Au having different terminal
functional groups to expand the library of molecules amenable to lift-off
lithography enabling a wide range of functionalization chemistries
for use with this simple and versatile patterning method
Controlled DNA Patterning by Chemical Lift-Off Lithography: Matrix Matters
Nucleotide arrays require controlled surface densities and minimal nucleotide–substrate interactions to enable highly specific and efficient recognition by corresponding targets. We investigated chemical lift-off lithography with hydroxyl- and oligo(ethylene glycol)-terminated alkanethiol self-assembled monolayers as a means to produce substrates optimized for tethered DNA insertion into post-lift-off regions. Residual alkanethiols in the patterned regions after lift-off lithography enabled the formation of patterned DNA monolayers that favored hybridization with target DNA. Nucleotide densities were tunable by altering surface chemistries and alkanethiol ratios prior to lift-off. Lithography-induced conformational changes in oligo(ethylene glycol)-terminated monolayers hindered nucleotide insertion but could be used to advantage <i>via</i> mixed monolayers or double-lift-off lithography. Compared to thiolated DNA self-assembly alone or with alkanethiol backfilling, preparation of functional nucleotide arrays by chemical lift-off lithography enables superior hybridization efficiency and tunability