DETECTION AND PURIFICATION OF HARMFUL COMPOUNDS IN BEVERAGES USING HPLC

The presence of harmful compounds like caffeine and carbonated compounds in different beverages like soft drinks, fruit juices deserves great attention because of its toxic and carcinogenic effects on  human beings. We report on the detection and purification of those substances with the help of HPLC(High Performance  Liquid Chromatography).According to the migration rate, stationary phase and mobile phase, retention time we can extract the desire compounds. Depending upon the solvent and sample we can detect the compounds with  the  help  of the detector.The chromatogram will be  displayed and it can be viewed in the PC with the help of  Osiris  software. Compounds like Caffeine, Aspartame, Neotame, Saccharin, Maltodextrin, sucrose, fructose etc can be detected and purified. Detection and purification takes place in the column of HPLC where the process called adsorption takes place. Retention time can be calculated by the total time taken of a component that spends  in both mobile phase and stationary phase. It is always expressed in minute

Software in Loop Simulation based Waypoint Navigation for Fixed Wing UAV

Software in loop simulation (SILS) based waypoint navigation test platform being presented in this paper for fixed wing unmanned aerial vehicle. The proposed platform helps to test waypoint navigation algorithm before implementing into real time environment. Matlab/Simulink and X-plane flight simulator are chosen for the proposed platform. The interface between these two platforms are done by using user datagram protocol (UDP). The waypoint navigation which is to be tested is run in Matlab/Simulink environment where as fixed wing model runs in X-plane simulator. Inverted T tail fixed wing unmanned aerial vehicle configuration is chosen for this research work to verify both its inner loop (attitude control) and outer loop (navigation control). Navigation algorithm executed in Matlab/Simulink compares difference between current and desired latitude longitude position to command flight simulator to reach its desired waypoint. Navigation towards a desired waypoint will be achieved by varying inner loop attitude command of an unmanned aerial vehicle. Finally results are observed and performances are verified in X-plane simulator

In vitro micropropagation of Musa sapientum L. (Cavendish Dwarf)

A complete protocol for micropropagation of Musa sapientum using shoot meristems was developed. Multiple shoots were induced in vitro from shoot meristems. Murashige and Skoog’s medium supplemented with BAP and NAA (3.0 + 0.2 mg/l, respectively) was found to be most suitablecombination. Further multiplication of shoots required habituation of cultures up to 3 passages of 21 days each on the same medium after establishment of culture and initiation of shoot buds. Thereafter 3-fold multiplication rate was achieved during every subculture. For rooting the shoots were excised and transferred to same medium. Rooted plantlets were then transferred to primary and secondary hardening and grown in the green house. These hardened plants have been successfully established insoil

User’s Satisfaction Level of Library Sources and Services in Pushpalata Vidya Mandir CBSE School, Tirunelveli District, Tamil Nadu: A Study

The objective of present study is to examine the user\u27s satisfaction level of library sources and services in Pushpalata Vidya Mandir CBSE School, Tirunelveli. 100 questionnaires were distributed among the students to collect relevant data out of which, 95 questionnaires were received back. The findings of the study shows that 51 (53.68%) of the respondents were male. Majority of the respondents (48.42%) were visit to the library everyday.(47.37%) of the respondents were use the library to borrow books.41.05% of the respondents were mostly prefer books as the needed information sources followed by periodicals (29.47%) and e-resources (12.63%). (38.95%) were felt that inadequate resources as the barriers in using library resources. (37.89%) were use library staff as the source consulted to locate information needed. Respondents are satisfied with the physical facilities of the library such as furniture and ranked as first. Level of satisfaction of library services stated that majority of the respondents are highly satisfied with the reprographic service. The study recommended that the librarian should concrete in creating awareness, reading habits and the utility of library sources and services through user education at regular intervals

Analytical Method Development and Validation of Dexketoprofen Tablets by RP-HPLC

INTRODUCTION:Analytical chemistry, like other areas of chemistry and science, has gone through drastic changes and growth. Analytical chemistry may defined as the “Science and art of determining the composition of materials in terms of the elements or compounds contained”. In analytical chemistry it is of prime importance to gain information about the qualitative and quantitative composition of substances and chemical species, that is to find out what a substance is composed of and exactly how much. Analytical method is a specific application of a technique to solve an analytical problem. The use of instrumentation is an exciting and fascinating part of chemical analysis that interacts with all areas of chemistry and with many other areas of pure and applied science. Analytical instrumentation plays an important role in the production and evaluation of new products and in the protection of consumers and the environment. This instrumentation provides the lower detection limits required to assure safe foods, drugs and water. The manufacture of materials, whose composition must be known precisely such as substances used in integrated circuit chips, is monitored by analytical instruments. Instrumental or physicochemical methods are based on the theory of relations between the content and the corresponding physicochemical and physical properties of the chemical system being analyzed. Changes in the system properties are either detected or recorded through the measurement of current, electrode potential, electrical conductivity, optical density, refractive index etc. with suitable and sensitive instruments. In instrumental analysis physical property of substance is measured to determine its chemical composition. Measurements of physical properties of analyte such as conductivity, electrode potential, light absorption or emission, mass to charge ratio, and fluorescence, began to be used for quantitative analysis of variety of inorganic and biochemical analyses. Highly efficient chromatographic and electrophoretic techniques began to replace distillation, extraction, and precipitation for the separation of components of complex mixtures prior to their qualitative or quantitative determination. AIM: To validate the as say method for est imation of Dexketoprofen in Dexketoprofen Tablets by HPLC method, and to demonstrate that the analytical procedure is suitable for its intended purpose.OBJECTIVES: On literature survey it was found that Dexketoprofen was estimated by HPLC and UV Spectrophotometric methods, in combination with other drugs in tablet and bulk dosage form. And also no method was available for such estimation in the pharmacopoeia. In view of the need for a suitable method for routine analysis of Dexketoprofen in formulations, attempts are being made to develop simple, precise and accurate analytical methods for estimation of Dexketoprofen and extend it for their determination in formulations. The utility of the developed methods to determine the content of drug in commercial tablet is also demonstrated. Validation of the method was done in accordance with USP and ICH guidelines for the assay of active ingredients. The methods were validated for parameters like accuracy, linearity, precision, specificity, ruggedness, robustness, and system suitability. This proposed method was suitable for the pharmaceutical analysis in analytical laboratories. This method validation protocol provides a high degree of assurance that a specific process will consistently produce that the DEXKETOPROFEN TABLETS 25 mg meeting its predetermined specification, quality characteristics, and to validate the HPLC method using the working standard, Placebo and drug product. RESULT AND DISCUSSION: The objective of the proposed work was method development for the in estimation of Dexketoprofen in tablets by RP-HPLC and to validate the developed method according to USP and ICH guidelines and applying the same for use in the quality control samples in pharmaceutical industry. As there is no official method for the estimation of Dexketoprofen, so we tried to develop a method by which we can quantify the amount of drug present in the given sample. In RP-HPLC method, the conditions were optimized, to estimation of dexketoprofen. Initially, various mobile phase compositions were tried, to got better elution of drug. Mobile phase and flow rate selection was based on peak parameters (height, tailing, theoretical plates, capacity or symmetry factor), run time and resolution. The system with buffer and Methanol: Water (2:48:50) at gradient flow rate of 1.5ml min was found to be quite robust. The optimum wavelength for detection was 260 nm at which better detector response for the drug was obtained. The average retention times for Dexketoprofen was found to be 4.5 min, respectively. According to United States Pharmacopeia, system suitability tests are an integral part of chromatographic method. They are used to verify the reproducibility of the chromatographic system. To ascertain its effectiveness, system suitability tests were carried out on freshly prepared stock solutions. The calibration was linear in various concentration range with correlation. The low values of RSD indicate that the method was precise and accurate. The mean recoveries were found in the range of 98 – 102 %. System precision is evaluated by injecting 10 injections of standard solution and low value of % RSD shows that system is precise. Precision for method is evaluated by analyzing a sample of homogenous batch six times and the low % RSD value shows the method is precise Method robustness was evaluated by alteration of flow rate (±10%), Mobile phase organic content (±5°C), Wavelength (±2 nm) and it was found robust as % RSD was below 2.0%. Ruggedness of the proposed method was determined by analysis of aliquots from homogeneous slot in different laboratories, by different analysts, different column, different system using similar environmental conditions, the % R.S.D. reported was found to be less than 2 %. The proposed method was validated in accordance with ICH parameters and the applied for analysis of the same in marketed formulations. Both sample solution and standard solution are stable at 25°C for24 hrs. as the % difference in the area was found to be less than 2.0%. Finally, it can be concluded that the assay values of formulation were the same as mentioned in the label claim with the RSD of < 1.0%. The proposed method was found to be accurate, precise, reproducible and stable, and can be successfully applied for the routine analysis of the drug in tablet dosage forms. CONCLUSION: This assay method by HPLC is validated for statistical parameter and it is found that the analytical procedure for Dexketoprofen tablets 25 mg meets system suitability requirements and acceptance criteria for Specificity, Linearity, Precision, Accuracy, Robustness, Ruggedness parameters and Solution stability. Solution stability study of the standard and sample preparations are found stable for a minimum of 24 hours. There was no deviation obtained during this validation study. Hence, this In-House analytical method is recommended to carry out the assay analysis from now on for this indistinguishable formulation on Dexketoprofen Tablets 25 mg

(R1514) Nano Continuous Mappings via Nano M Open Sets

Nano M open sets are a union of nano θ semi open sets and nano δ pre open sets. The properties of nano M open sets with their interior and closure operators are discussed in a previous paper. In this paper, we discuss about nano M-continuous and nano M-irresolute functions are introduced in a nano topological spaces along with their continuous and irresolute mappings. Also, nano M-open and nano M-closed functions are introduced and compare with their near open and closed mappings in a nano topological spaces. Further, nano M homeomorphism is also discussed in nano topological spaces. Also, we discuss nano e-Cts, nano e-Irr, nano eo and nano ec functions and nano eHom in nano topological spaces. Also some of their properties are well discussed

Application of Lotka\u27s Law to the Research Publications of Alagappa and Bharathidasan Universities: A Comparative Study

This paper deals with the comparative study of author productivity based on Lotak\u27s law to the research publications of Alagappa and Bharathidasan Universities. The data for the study collected from Web of Science (WOS) database during the period of 2009 to 2018. Straight counting method applied to author productivity for both universities. A total of 1726 research publications from Alagappa University similarly 2778 research publications from Bharathidasan University contributed during the span of study period. Majority of the author productivity tested using Lotka\u27s law by applying Kolmolgorov-Smirnov (K-S) goodness-of-fit test. The result shows the author productivity of Lotka\u27s law was convinced the data set with maximum difference (D) value 0.044 for Alagappa University and 0.148 for Bharathidasan University less than that of critical value

Generative Model for Conceptual Design of Defence Equipment

Requirement study and analysis forms a key component in conceptual design of new products and systems. For complex systems like defence equipment, concept design is very important and should primarily satisfy all user requirements. Brings out a new generative model for concept design of defence systems using principles of systems engineering. A structured model and methodology is presented starting from capturing the user requirements, developing multiple solutions, short listing the candidate solutions and finally selecting one or two feasible designs. The model and process is illustrated with the help of a case study on the development of a torpedo defence system for naval ships.

The effect of light, temperature, ph on stability of anthocyanin pigments in Musa acuminata bract

The anthocyanin pigment was extracted from Musa acuminata bract using the acidified methanol. The extracted anthocyanin pigments then were exposed to number of environmental conditions, which could destabilize the anthocyanin molecules. These environmental conditions were included fourteen different pHs, various temperatures and presence or absence of light. The temperature stability of the anthocyanin extract was calculated by reaction velocity constants (k) as well as the half-life time (t1/2). The results of the study showed that increasing in pH, temperature or exposure to light is able to spoil the anthocyanin molecule. Copigmentation of anthocyanin resulting in increase in both hypochromic effects and bathochromic shifts. Musa acuminata bract anthocyanin extract was more stable at pH 5.1 and 6.0, temperature at 20° C and 30° C both in the presence and absence of light. This characteristic differs from other anthocyanins. This property could facilitate its application as a natural food colorant