Vaspin in Developing Obesity (Vande-Ob); the Correlation of Waist Circumference and Visceral Fat Percentage with Vaspin Levels in Patients with Type II Diabetes Mellitus

BACKGROUND: Vaspin concentration was thought to be associated with obesity, impaired insulin sensitivity, and fitness level. The correlation of vaspin and leptin supports the theory of vaspin associated with body fat mass. AIM: To determine the correlation between visceral fat distributions and serum vaspin level in type II DM patients. METHODS: We conduct an observational, analytical cross-sectional study. Sixty subjects with type II diabetes mellitus who came to Diabetes Center of Sanglah General Hospital were included consecutively. Each subject has to sign an informed consent before physical and laboratory examination took place. Spearman correlation test was used to analyse the correlation between waist circumference and visceral fat percentage with serum vaspin level since the data were not distributed normally. RESULTS: Mean laboratory results in all subjects of vaspin levels was 2.389 ± 3.586 ng/ml, mean waist circumference was 94.95 ± 11.78 cm and mean visceral fat percentage was 18.05 ± 23.63%. We found we found no significant correlation between between vaspin with waist circumference (r = -0.044; p = 0.738) and visceral fat percentage (r = -0.103; p = 0.435). CONCLUSIONS: The vaspin level did not significantly correlate with waist circumference and visceral fat percentage in type II diabetes patients

Probiotics for type 2 diabetes mellitus: an anti-diabetic intervention to see beyond the gut

The increasing cases of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have made it a very concerning metabolic disease worldwide. The increasing understanding of the role of gut microbiota in metabolism process has lead to a promising intervention of T2DM that can relieve not only the symptoms but also help improve the disrupted metabolic mechanisms. Probiotics are now widely studied for its potential in the management of T2DM. From 50 journals reviewed, 43 were found suitable as references for this paper. The keywords used are “probiotics,” “gut microbiota,” “obesity” and “type 2 diabetes mellitus” on selected search engines. In general, it has shown that probiotics do have systemic therapeutic effects as it can increase the secretion of gut hormones, maintain gut barrier function and improve inflammatory response, thereby providing a hopeful future for a comprehensive management of metabolic disorders, especially T2DM.</p

Gamma-aminobutyric acid for delaying type 1 diabetes mellitus: an update

The current gold-standard management of hyperglycemia in individuals with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is insulin therapy. However, this therapy is associated with a high incidence of complications, and delaying the onset of this disease produces a substantially positive impact on quality of life for individuals with a predisposition to T1DM, especially children. This review aimed to assess the use of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) to delay the onset of T1DM in children. GABA produces protective and proliferative effects in 2 ways, β cell and immune cell modulation. Various in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that GABA induces proliferation of β cells, increases insulin levels, inhibits β-cell apoptosis, and suppresses T helper 1 cell activity against islet antigens. Oral GABA is safe as no serious adverse effects were reported in any of the studies included in this review. These findings demonstrate promising results for the use of GABA treatment to delay T1DM, specifically in genetically predisposed children, through immunoregulatory effects and the ability to induce β-cell proliferation

TCF7L2 gene polymorphisms rs12255372, rs7903146, rs10885406 and the association with type 2 diabetes in a population of Legian Village, Kuta, Bali.

Background: Polymorphisms in the transcription factor 7 like-2 (TCF7L2) gene have been consistently reported to be associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in various populations, in particular, the rs7903146, rs12255372, and rs10885406 polymorphism. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate whether these polymorphisms in the Balinese population of Legian village. Methods: A cross-sectional study enrolling 286 participants (178 male, 108 female), mean age was 46.0±10.0 (range 20–83) years. PCR-RFLP conducted genotyping for rs7903146, rs12255372, and rs10885406 polymorphism, fasting and two hours after meal blood glucose were measured. Student’s t-test and analysis of variance (ANOVA) and chi-square test were employed.  Results: The frequencies of the CC and CT genotypes of the rs7903146 polymorphism were 93.4% and 6.6%. The GG and GT genotypes of the rs12255372 polymorphism were 94.8% and 5.2%, while in the rs10885406 they were 87.1%, 12.2%, and 0.7% for the AA, AG, and GG genotypes. The TT genotypes of the rs7903146 and rs12255372 not found. The prevalence of type 2 diabetes in this population were 9.0%. The frequency of the CT genotype of the rs7903146 was higher in diabetes compare to the non-diabetes group (7.6% vs. 6.5%, p=0.822), while GT genotype in rs12255372 was lower (3.8% vs. 5.3%, p=0.737). The AG genotype of the rs10885406 also lower in diabetes group (7.6% vs. 12.6%, p=0.679). In the CT genotype of rs7903146, the two hours after meal blood glucose were significantly higher (141.15 ± 125.06 vs. 107.50 ± 46.94, p=0.012). Interestingly, although not statistically significant, individuals with the GG genotype showed the lowest blood glucose. Conclusion: Rs7903146, rs12255372, and rs10885406 polymorphisms in the TCF7L2 genes did not show association with type 2 diabetes in the Balinese population of Legian Village. However, two hours after meal blood glucose level was found to be significantly higher in the CT genotype of the rs7903146.</p

Influence of competence and locus of control on readiness of accounting department students facing the world of work era industrial revolution 4.0

This study discusses ethical competencies, knowledge competencies, capability competencies, relationship competencies, analytical competencies, and locus of control on the readiness of students majoring in accounting in the world of work of the revolution era 4.0. The population of the study was in the 2017 class of faculty of economics and business students of Udayana University. The research sample was determined by the nonprobability sampling method which obtained a total sample of 166 people. The data analysis technique used is multiple linear regression analysis. The results showed that the results showed ethical competence, knowledge competence, capability competence, relationship competence, analytical competence, and locus of control had a positive effect on the readiness of students majoring in accounting in connecting the world of work of the industrial revolution era 4.0

HUBUNGAN ANTARA KENDALI GLIKEMIK DENGAN PROFIL LIPID PADA PENDERITA DIABETES MELITUS TIPE 2

Penyebab terbanyak morbiditas dan mortalitas pada pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2 (DM tipe 2) adalah penyakit kardiovaskuler. Banyak faktor risiko yang terlibat dalam kejadian PJK pada pasien DM tipe 2, salah satunya adalah profil lipid.Berdasarkan penelitian sebelumnya ditemukan bahwa kondisi hiperglikemik memiliki efek langsung dan tidak langsung terhadap kondisi pembuluh darah.Efek tidak langsung kondisi hiperglikemik diperkirakan melalui pengaruhnya terhadap profil lipid.Penelitian ini ingin mengetahui hubungan antara kendali glikemik dengan profil lipid. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan penelitian analisa potong lintang. Sampel diambil dari pasien-pasien rawat jalan dengan diagnosis DM tipe 2 yang memeriksakan dirinya di RSUP Sanglah Denpasar periode Juli 2010 sampai Mei 2012. Sampel diambil dari rekam medis yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Pada penelitian ini dipakai 77 sampel yang terdiri dari  42 pria (54,5%) dan 35 wanita (45,5%). Usia rata-rata sampel adalah 54 tahun dengan tujuh data yang belum diketahui usianya. Rata-rata HbA1c pasien adalah 10,194%. 16 pasien (20,8%) memiliki kontrol glikemik yang baik (HbA1c &lt;7 %), sedangkan 61 (79,2%) pasien memiliki kontrol glikemik yang buruk (HbA1c ?7 %). 26 pasien (33,8%) mengalami peningkatan kadar trigliserida (?150 mg/dl). 60 pasien (77,9%) mengalami penurunan kadar HDL (&lt;40 mg/dl). Berdasarkan hasil uji analitik korelatif satu arah terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara kendali glikemik dengan kadar trigliserida darah dan antara kadar trigliserida dengan kadar HDL. Korelasi antara kendali glikemik dengan kadar trigliserida darah menunjukkan korelasi yang lemah dengan nilai korelasi 0,342 (p &lt; 0,005; 95% CI).  Korelasi antara antara kadar trigliserida dengan kadar HDL menunjukkan korelasi lemah dengan kadar HDL, dengan nilai korelasi - 0,310 (p &lt; 0,005; 95% CI). Korelasi antara antara kadar trigliserida dengan kadar kolesterol menunjukkan korelasi sedang, dengan nilai korelasi  0,415 (p &lt; 0,005; 95% CI). Dapat disimpulkan bahwa kendali glikemik memiliki korelasi dengan kadar trigliserida, serta memiliki hubungan secara tidak langsung dengan kadar HDL dan kadar kolesterol melalui hubungannya dengan kadar trigliserida melalui korelasi yang bermakna antara kadar trigliserida dengan kadar kadar HDL dan kadar kolesterol.  </p

PREVALENCE OF DIABETIC RETINOPATHY IN PATIENT TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS AT INTERNAL MEDICINE POLICLINIC SANGLAH HOSPITAL

Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE One of the complications that can occur in microvaskular diabetes mellitus is diabetic retinopathy. This research was carried out to know the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in patients type 2 diabetes mellitus at internal divison of Sanglah Hospital. The method used is cross sectional by collecting data from the questionnaire and secondary data of medical record patient's type 2 DM. On this research acquired 111 patients (35.1%) with diabetic retinopathy and (64,9%) nonretinopathy. In the group with good level of HbA1c (&lt;6.5%) the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy obtained 53.2%, in the group of patients with moderate level of HbA1c (6.5-8%) as much as 22.5%, and in the group of patients with HbA1c bad level (&gt;8%) as much as 24.3%. The prevalence of the occurrence of DM complications in the diabetic retinopathy is still high, and a good level of HbA1c does not guarantee a person can’t have complication because the complication can also happens are affected by hypertension, dyslipidemia, age, and duration of DM. /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0in; mso-para-margin-right:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0in; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} <![endif]--

HUBUNGAN KADAR KOLESTEROL TOTAL DENGAN HIPERTENSI SISTOLIK PADA PASIEN DIABETES MELITUS TIPE 2 DI POLIKLINIK ENDOKRIN RUMAH SAKIT UMUM SANGLAH PERIODE JANUARI – DESEMBER 2011

Tekanan darah tinggi, dikenal sebagai hipertensi merupakan penyakit kronis yang terjadi pada diabetes melitus tipe 2 DM Tipe 2. Salah satu resiko hipertensi yang dapat diubah adalah kolesterol yang disebabkan oleh konsumsi makanan yang kurang tepat. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan antara kadar kolesterol total dengan hipertensi pada pasien di Poliklinik Endokrin RSUP Sanglah. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif analitik. Total sampel pada penelitian ini berjumlah 69 responden. Berdasarkan pada hasil penelitian sampel, didapatkan 19 responden (28%) dengan kadar kolesterol meningkat dan didapatkan 35 responden (51%) dengan hipertensi sistolik pada pasien DM Tipe 2. Dari hasil uji fisher exact didapatkan H0 yang diterima yang berarti tidak ada hubungan yang signifikan antara kadar kolesterol total dengan hipertensi sistolik pada pasien DM Tipe 2 di Poliklinik Endokrin RSUP Sanglah.  </p

GAMBARAN PENDAPATAN ORANG TUA PERBULAN, JENIS MAKANAN CEPAT SAJI DAN FREKUENSI MAKAN PER HARI DENGAN PREVALENSI OBESITAS PADA MAHASISWA PROGRAM STUDI PENDIDIKAN DOKTER FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN UNIVERSITAS UDAYANA 2014

Obesitas merupakan suatu keadaan dimana terjadi penumpukan lemak tubuh yang berlebihan yang disebabkan oleh berbagai faktor, prevalensi kejadian obesitas diindonesia terjadi peningkatan dari tahun ke tahun, dengan pada tahun 2013 berdasarkan riskesdas terdapat 15,4% penduduk mengalami obesitas dan provinsi bali termasuk dalam 16 provinsi yang memiliki prevalensi diatas rata-rata nasional. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan deskriptif cross-sectional, dengan total sampel 127 yang merupakan mahasiswa program studi pendidikan dokter universitas udayana. Data penelitian didapatkan melalui pengisian kuisioner mandiri oleh responden dan pengukuran langsung berat badan, tinggi badan, lingkar perut dan lingkar panggul. Hasil yang didapatkan yaitu dari karakteristik responden, mayoritas responden wanita (73,2%) dan mayoritas berumur 20 tahun (70,9%). Berdasarkan status gizi didapatkan mayoritas memiliki Indeks Massa Tubuh (IMT) tidak obesitas (68,5%) dan obesitas umum (31,5%), mayoritas responden memiliki kategori Waist Circumference (WC) normal (87,1%) dan yang memiliki kategori beresiko 12,9%. Sedangkan kategori Waist to Hip (WHR) Ratio beresiko perempuan lebih dominan yaitu 3%. Mayoritas responden yang memiliki kategori IMT obesitas umum, kategori WC obesitas sentral dan kategori WHR beresiko, memiliki pendapatan orang tua per bulan &gt;2,5 juta. Seluruh responden baik yang memiliki status gizi normal dan obesitas atau beresiko mengkonsumsi makanan cepat saji minimal 1 kali per minggu serta memiliki frekuensi makan utama perhari yaitu ?3 kali perhari.   </p

PREVALENSI KOMPLIKASI AKUT DAN KRONIS PASIEN DIABETES MELITUS TIPE 2 DI POLIKLINIK PENYAKIT DALAM RSUP SANGLAH PERIODE JANUARI 2011- MEI 2012

Diabetes melitus tipe 2 (DMT2) merupakan suatu penyakit metabolik ditandai dengan keadaan hiperglikemia yang disebabkan oleh kombinasi insufisiensi sekresi insulin, resistensi insulin, atau keduanya. Prevalensi diabetes di dunia diperkirakan meningkat menjadi 4.4% atau 366 juta jiwa pada tahun 2030. Peningkatan prevalensi DMT2 secara langsung akan meningkatkan prevalensi komplikasi DMT2. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode studi potong-lintang. Data diperoleh dari rekam medis pasien dengan periode Januari 2011-Mei 2012 dan kemudian dihitung prevalensi komplikasi akut maupun kronis pada pasien DMT2. Penelitian ini mendapatkan hasil prevalensi KAD sebesar 7 orang (6.6%), tanpa komplikasi KAD sebanyak 70 orang (66%) dan tidak tahu sebanyak 27orang (25.5%). Prevalensi hipoglikemia sebanyak 18 orang (17%), tidak pernah mengalami hipoglikemia sebanyak 69 orang (65.1%) dan 18 orang (17%) tidak tahu. Diantara 18 orang yang pernah mengalami hipoglikemia, 8 orang diantaranya (44,4%) menggunakan terapi insulin. Organ yang paling sering mengalami gangguan adalah sistem kardiovaskuler yaitu sebanyak 35 kasus (25%). Gangguan ginjal ditemukan sebanyak 31 kasus (22%), gangguan paru 25 kasus (19%), Gangren dan Abses 16 kasus (11%), Urinary 6 kasus (4%), Alimentary 5 kasus (3%), Sistem saraf 4 kasus (3%), Mata 3 kasus (3%) dan gangguan lain sebanyak 14 kasus (10%). Komplikasi kronis yang terbanyak ditemukan adalah Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) sebanyak 28 kasus, Pneumonia sebanyak 18 kasus, DF 13 kasus, HF 12 kasus, Hipertensi 11 kasus, TB paru 7 kasus, ISK 6 kasus, HHD 5 kasus, Gastropati 4 kasus, dan SNH  dan NPDR ditemukan sebanyak 3 kasus.    </p