Astronomical Concepts Found in the Purananuru

It is surprising that the references found in the Purananuru are related to today's science and are useful for the times. It can be seen from the Purananuru that the world consists of the five great elements, the moon and the sky, the air, fire, and water and that there must have been planes propelled by the pilots. The astronomical prowess of the Tamils is evident when comparing the Purananooru song messages with today's astronomy. Information on weather, climate, topography, and climate change can be obtained. The ability of the Tamils to live with knowledge and energy is astonishing, as if they had gone to know the path on which the sun is traveling, its movement, the area in which it travels, the directions in which the wind spreads, and the characteristics of the sky

Association between conflict and usage of maternal health services in Egypt: an uncontrolled before and after study

Background: United Nations’ data indicate that conflict-affected low- and middle-income countries contribute considerably to global maternal deaths. Usage patterns during conflict have not been examined in-depth and a cause-effect analysis is relevant for policy insights. This study assessed the association between the acute Egyptian conflict of 2011-2012 and maternal services usage and quality. Methods: An uncontrolled before-and-after study used data from the 2014 Egypt Demographic and Health Survey. The hierarchical nature of data was addressed using multi-level modelling. The pre-conflict sample included 2,569 births occurring from January 2009 to January 2011 and the peri-conflict had 4,641 births from February 2011 to December 2012. Results: After adjusting for potential socioeconomic confounders, conflict was not associated with antenatal service usage. Compared to pre-conflict births, peri-conflict births had lower odds of at least 24 hours post-delivery stay (8%; OR 0.92), delivery in public institutions (1%; OR 0.99), and institutional postnatal care (PNC) (1%; OR 0.99); and relatively higher odds of doctor-assisted deliveries (2%; OR 1.02), institutional deliveries (2%; OR 1.02), private institutional deliveries (3%; OR 1.03), and doctor-assisted PNC (2%; OR 1.02). During conflict, odds of doctor-assisted delivery increased more for oldest (>35 years) women (3%; OR 1.03); odds of receiving PNC decreased more for women aged 25-29 (8%; OR 0.92); and odds of skilled birth attendance increased more for rural women (2%; OR 1.02), primary-educated (4%; OR 1.04), employed (4%; OR 1.04), less poor (3%; OR 1.03) and middle household wealth quintiles (2%; OR 1.02). Odds of physician-assisted delivery increased more for rural women (3%; OR 1.03), primary-educated (5%; OR 1.05), employed (4%; OR 1.04), less poor and middle household wealth quintiles (3%; OR 1.03 each), and richest household wealth quintiles (2%; OR 1.02). Conclusions: Conflict-associated changes in maternal care were minimal, generally reflecting pre-conflict usage patterns. Association between acute conflict and maternal care indicated vertical equity had changed from recent trends. Policy intervention may help improving post-delivery stay. Maternal policy requires ‘specific in-built equity strategies’ to address unpredictable effect of conflict

Using Attribute-Based Access Control, Efficient Data Access in the Cloud with Authorized Search

The security and privacy issues regarding outsourcing data have risen significantly as cloud computing has grown in demand. Consequently, since data management has been delegated to an untrusted cloud server in the data outsourcing phase, data access control has been identified as a major problem in cloud storage systems. To overcome this problem, in this paper, the access control of cloud storage using an Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) approach is utilized. First, the data must be stored in the cloud and security must be strong for the user to access the data. This model takes into consideration some of the attributes of the cloud data stored in the authentication process that the database uses to maintain data around the recorded collections with the user\u27s saved keys. The clusters have registry message permission codes, usernames, and group names, each with its own set of benefits. In advance, the data should be encrypted and transferred to the service provider as it establishes that the data is still secure. But in some cases, the supplier\u27s security measures are disrupting. This result analysis the various parameters such as encryption time, decryption time, key generation time, and also time consumption. In cloud storage, the access control may verify the various existing method such as Ciphertext Policy Attribute-Based Encryption (CP-ABE) and Nth Truncated Ring Units (NTRU). The encryption time is 15% decreased by NTRU and 31% reduced by CP-ABE. The decryption time of the proposed method is 7.64% and 14% reduced by the existing method

Community-based child health nurses: An exploration of current practice

The purpose of this research was to define, the practice domain of community-based child health nursing in light of widespread political, economic and social changes in Western Australia. The project was conducted by a group of nurse researchers with experience in child health nursing from the School of Nursing and Midwifery at Curtin University and the Child and Adolescent Community Health Division at the Department of Health, Western Australia. The overall aim of the project was to map the scope of nursing practice in the community child health setting in Western Australia and to identify the decision making framework that underpins this nursing specialty. Given the widespread social, economic and health service management changes, it was important for nurses involved with, or contemplating a career in, community-based child health to have the role accurately defined. In addition, consumer expectations of the service needed to be explored within the current climate.A descriptive qualitative study was used for this project. A purposive sample of 60 participants was drawn from the pool of child health nurses in the South Metropolitan Community Health Service, North Metropolitan Health Service and Western Australian Country Health Service. Following ethical approval data was collected via participants keeping a 2-week work diary. The data was coded and thematic analysis was applied. Several themes emerged from the analysis which were validated by follow up focus group interviews with participants. This clearly demonstrated common, recurring issues. The results identified that the community-based child health nurses are currently undertaking a more complex and expanded child health service role for an increasingly diverse client population, over their traditional practices which are still maintained. Excessive workloads and lack of human and non human resources also presented challenges. There are increasing requirements for child health nurses to engage in community development and capacity building, often through a multidisciplinary partnership, which requires them to have sound brokerage and facilitation skills to enable community inclusion and inter-agency collaboration at the local level.The study has highlighted the importance and multifaceted nature of the role of the community-based child health nurse. To enable them to function optimally, the following suggestions/recommendations are offered. These being: More physical resources be allocated to community-based child health nursing, More resources allocated to assist community-based child health nurses to support culturally and linguistically diverse families, Mapping of child health nurses' workloads, The development of community health client dependency rating criteria reflecting the social determinants of health in order for health service refinement of staffing allocations based on an acuity scale, Specific staff development opportunities to reflect the increased workload complexity, Managerial support for the implementation of formal clinical (reflective) supervision, Additional clerical assistance with non-nursing duties

Anti-Cancer Activiy of Namachivaya Chendooram in In-Vitro Cell Line Models Against Invasive Cervical Carcinoma.

Nachinarkiniyar states that Arivar means “one who does not possess desire, hatred and illusion and remains unchanged in attitude in all situations (past, present and future). Not only our Tamil poets explained about the uniqueness of the Siddhar but also English philosopher like Sinclair Stevenson has fully praised Siddhar about their capabilities. The term Siddhi refers to a Yogic state, Siddhar are said to be the Yogis,having lived a complete life . Siddhar who sacrificed their entire life for the Siddha medicine has given miraculous remedy for incurable, chronic and non communicable diseases thousands of years back. Gyneacological diseases with treatment are mentioned in Siddha text

Studies on the Corrosion Performance for Steel Embedded in Fly Ash Blended Concrete

The present investigation it to study the corrosion performance of fly ash blended cement concrete in chloride-contaminated environments by various electrochemical and non-electrochemical techniques. The chloride binding ability at the optimum replacement level of fly ash was also studied

Effect of Substitution of Hydrogenated Oil by a Mixture of Groundnut Oil and Hydrogenated Oil

The use of a mixture of 60% groundnut oil and 40% hydrogenated oil in the peace time Army ration, has been found to maintain the serum lipids at a lower level and improve the physical efficiency of albino rats

Evaluation of the Effect of Pollution on the Level of Antioxidant Enzymes in Freshwater Fishes

To assess the impact of polluted water on fishes, biochemical studies were carried out to determine the biochemical alterations in tissues of fishes collected from the control and upstream, midstream and downstream sites of the Varahanadhi river in Tamil Nadu, India. Two fish species such as Catla (Catla catla) and Mrigal (Cirrhinus mrigala) were taken and the tissues such as liver and kidney were excised and tissue homogenate was prepared. Using the tissue homogenate lipid peroxide and lipid hydroperoxide, CAT and SOD activity, GPx activity, GR and GST activities and non-enzymatic antioxidants such as vitamin C and vitamin E was estimated. An increase in lipid peroxide and lipid hydroperoxide level was observed in all the organs of fishes collected from the downstream site when compared with the control, upstream and midstream site of the river. A decrease in CAT and SOD activity and in non-enzymatic antioxidants such as vitamin C and vitamin E, increased Glutathione reductase and GST activities was observed in the fishes collected from the downstream site. These changes might be due to the exposure of fish to pollutants, industrial waste and heavy metals present in water sample causing adverse effects on fishes inhabiting the river