Students’ Musical Preferences For Classical Music, 20th Century Music, and World Music ‒ The Open-Earedness Hypothesis

The paper explores students’ preferences for classical music, 20th century music, and world music, as well as the influence of student age, gender, and previous familiarity with the piece of music on the preferences for 20th century music and world music. As a part of the research, a general data questionnaire and an assessment scale for testing preferences for musical fragments were administered to the sample of 183 students in fourth and eighth grades of primary school and senior students attending grammar school. Students generally show greatest preferences for world music. The influence of age on the preferences for 20th century music and world music has been confirmed. Female students, compared to male students, show greater preferences for 20th century music, while in the case of world music, no statistically significant differences were observed with respect to gender. It has been confirmed that students show greater preferences for familiar music, compared to unfamiliar music. The fact that younger students are more open to different musical styles can have significant implications for designing musical activities for children of preschool and early school age

Učinak botulinum toksina tip A u bolesnika s esencijalnim blefarospazmom

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of botulinum toxin type A and satisfaction in patients with essential blepharospasm. The study included 12 subjects suffering from essential blepharospasm who received therapy with botulinum toxin type A injections. Respondents were given a Blepharospasm Disability Index (BSDI) survey before and three weeks after the procedure with questions related to quality of life. They were also given a Jankovic Rating Scale with questions related to the severity and frequency of symptoms. The overall level of difficulties was reduced, meaning the quality of life increased after the application of botulinum toxin, and the study found that the increase was statistically significant (p = 0.003). The severity of symptoms after the application of botulinum toxin was reduced, which meant that there was a decrease in the severity of the difficulties, and the study found a statistically significant difference (p=0.003). The frequency of symptoms was reduced after botulinum toxin administration, and the study revealed a statistically significant difference (p = 0.012). From the results of this study, we can determine that the use of botulinum toxin type A increases the quality of life and that the severity and frequency of symptoms are statistically significantly reduced.Cilj je bio utvrditi učinak botulinum toksina tip A i zadovoljstvo u bolesnika s esencijalnim blefarospazmom. U istraživanje je uključeno 12 ispitanika u dobi od 49 do 86 godina s esencijalnim blefarospazmom kojima je primijenjena terapija injekcijama botulinum toksina tip A. Ispitanicima je prije te tri tjedna nakon postupka dana anketa Blepharospasm Disability Index (BSDI) u kojoj su bila pitanja vezana za kvalitetu života. Dana im je i ljestvica Jankovic Rating Scale s pitanjima koja se odnose na težinu i učestalost simptoma. Ukupna razina poteškoća je smanjena, što znači da se kvaliteta života povećala nakon primjene botulinum toksina, a studija je pokazala da je povećanje statistički značajno (p = 0,003). Ozbiljnost simptoma nakon primjene botulinum toksina smanjena je, što znači da je došlo do smanjenja težine poteškoća, a istraživanje je utvrdilo statistički značajnu razliku (p=0,003). Učestalost simptoma smanjena je nakon primjene botulinum toksina, a studija je pokazala statistički značajnu razliku (p = 0,012). Iz rezultata ovog istraživanja možemo utvrditi da primjenom botulinum toksina tipa A dolazi do povećanja kvalitete života, te da se ozbiljnost i učestalost simptoma statistički značajno smanjuju

OCT ROLE IN DIAGNOSTICS OF DIABETIC MACULAR EDEMA

CILJ ISTRAŽIVANJA: prikazati promjene makularne regije (središnje zadebljanje makule [CST], prosječan volumen makularnog područja [CV], prosječno zadebljanje makularnog područja [CAT]) u odnosu na referentne vrijednosti kod bolesnika sa dijabetesom tip 2. Definirati klasifikaciju dijabetičnog makularnog edema kod dijabetičnih bolesnika tip 2. MATERIJALI I METODE: izvršeno je retrospektivno istraživanje u Klinici za očne bolesti Kliničkog bolničkog centra Split. Uključeno je 50 pacijenata kojima je OCT pretragom dijagnosticiran dijabetični makularni edem, izmjereno središnje zadebljanje makule, volumen makularnog područja i prosječno zadebljanje makularnog područja. REZULTATI: prosječno izmjereno središnje zadebljanje makule iznosi 491,3 μm, prosječan volumen makularnog područja 12,8 mm3, a prosječno zadebljanje makularnog područja 355,2 μm. Difuzni dijabetični makularni edem je najčešća vrsta edema i bio je zastupljen u 54% pacijenata. Slijede fokalni edem sa 20%, cistoidni sa 12%, trakcijski sa 8% i ablacijski sa 6% zastupljenosti. ZAKLJUČAK: OCT je „zlatni standard” za dijagnostiku i praćenje terapije DME. To je važna dijagnostička metoda visoke rezolucije za pregled anatomskih struktura makularnog područja i vitreoretinalne površine.RESEARCH OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to show changes of macular region (average central subfield thickness, average cube volume, cube average thickness) in patients with diabetes mellitus tipe 2 and compare them with healhy individuals. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective study was carried out in the Eye Clinic University Hospital Split. It included 50 patients who were diagnosed to have diabetic macular edema assessed by OCT, with measurement of central subfield thickness, cube volume i cube average thickness. RESULTS: average central subfield thickness was 491,3 μm, average cube volume was 12,8 mm3 and cube average thickness was 355,2 μm. The most common is diffuse diabetic macular edema, present in 27 patients (54%), followed by the focal 10 patients (20%), cystoid in 6 patients (12%), associated with macular traction 4 patients (8%) and the least common morphological form serous macular ablation in 3 patients (6%). CONCLUSION: OCT is a „gold standard“ for diagnosis and monitoring the effectiveness of therapy of diabetic macular edema. It is important diagnostic method for high resolution imaging of anatomical structures of macula and vitreoretinal surface

OCT ROLE IN DIAGNOSTICS OF DIABETIC MACULAR EDEMA

CILJ ISTRAŽIVANJA: prikazati promjene makularne regije (središnje zadebljanje makule [CST], prosječan volumen makularnog područja [CV], prosječno zadebljanje makularnog područja [CAT]) u odnosu na referentne vrijednosti kod bolesnika sa dijabetesom tip 2. Definirati klasifikaciju dijabetičnog makularnog edema kod dijabetičnih bolesnika tip 2. MATERIJALI I METODE: izvršeno je retrospektivno istraživanje u Klinici za očne bolesti Kliničkog bolničkog centra Split. Uključeno je 50 pacijenata kojima je OCT pretragom dijagnosticiran dijabetični makularni edem, izmjereno središnje zadebljanje makule, volumen makularnog područja i prosječno zadebljanje makularnog područja. REZULTATI: prosječno izmjereno središnje zadebljanje makule iznosi 491,3 μm, prosječan volumen makularnog područja 12,8 mm3, a prosječno zadebljanje makularnog područja 355,2 μm. Difuzni dijabetični makularni edem je najčešća vrsta edema i bio je zastupljen u 54% pacijenata. Slijede fokalni edem sa 20%, cistoidni sa 12%, trakcijski sa 8% i ablacijski sa 6% zastupljenosti. ZAKLJUČAK: OCT je „zlatni standard” za dijagnostiku i praćenje terapije DME. To je važna dijagnostička metoda visoke rezolucije za pregled anatomskih struktura makularnog područja i vitreoretinalne površine.RESEARCH OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to show changes of macular region (average central subfield thickness, average cube volume, cube average thickness) in patients with diabetes mellitus tipe 2 and compare them with healhy individuals. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective study was carried out in the Eye Clinic University Hospital Split. It included 50 patients who were diagnosed to have diabetic macular edema assessed by OCT, with measurement of central subfield thickness, cube volume i cube average thickness. RESULTS: average central subfield thickness was 491,3 μm, average cube volume was 12,8 mm3 and cube average thickness was 355,2 μm. The most common is diffuse diabetic macular edema, present in 27 patients (54%), followed by the focal 10 patients (20%), cystoid in 6 patients (12%), associated with macular traction 4 patients (8%) and the least common morphological form serous macular ablation in 3 patients (6%). CONCLUSION: OCT is a „gold standard“ for diagnosis and monitoring the effectiveness of therapy of diabetic macular edema. It is important diagnostic method for high resolution imaging of anatomical structures of macula and vitreoretinal surface

Glazbene preferencije učenika prema klasičnoj glazbi 20.stoljeća i glazbama svijeta - hipoteza otvorenosti

U radu su istražene preferencije učenika prema klasičnoj glazbi, glazbi 20. stoljeća i glazbama svijeta te utjecaj dobi, spola i poznatosti na preferencije glazbe 20. stoljeća i glazbi svijeta. U okviru istraživanja primijenjen je upitnik općih podataka i skala procjene za ispitivanje preferencija glazbenih ulomaka na uzorku od 183 sudionika i to učenika četvrtih i osmih razreda osnovne škole te učenika završnog razreda gimnazije. Učenici generalno pokazuju najveće preferencije glazbi svijeta. Potvrđen je utjecaj dobi na preferencije glazbe 20. stoljeća i glazbe svijeta. Učenice, u odnosu na učenike, pokazuju veće preferencije glazbe 20. stoljeća, a u slučaju glazba svijeta nisu uočene statistički značajne razlike s obzirom na spol. Potvrđeno je da učenici pokazuju veće preferencije poznate glazbe u odnosu na glazbu koja im nije poznata. Činjenica da su mlađi učenici otvoreniji prema različitim glazbenim stilovima može imati značajne implikacije za koncipiranje glazbenih aktivnosti predškolske i rane školske dobi

An EMTP Extension for Computing Earthing System Transient Step and Touch Voltages

This paper presents a novel technique for computing dangerous voltages due to lightning transients imposed on earthing system, which is based on the use of the well-known ATP-EMTP software package. Earth surface transient potential distributions, as well as step and touch voltages computations, are performed through extending the widely used EMTP software package with a new post-processor (computer program), developed especially for that purpose. The earthing grid is approximated by the circular cross-section conductors. In numerical model, conductors are subdivided into segments (1D finite elements) and Clark\u27s model with distributed constant parameters is then applied. Leakage conductance of conductor segments is modeled in EMTP as an additional lumped parameter. Analytical expressions for distributed and lumped segment parameters are derived using the average potential method. Due to the limitations of the EMTP, EM coupling between segments is neglected. The earth model is limited to the homogenous earth. Soil ionization effect is not accounted for, but could be incorporated, through some modifications of algorithms. Lightning surge model used is based on the Heidler\u27s model of current source

Dangerous Voltages due to Direct Lightning Strike into the Communication Tower

This paper presents a novel technique for computing dangerous voltages due to direct lightning strike into the communication tower and associated earthing system, which is based on the use of the well-known ATP-EMTP software package. The earthing grid and the communication tower structure are approximated by the circular cross section conductors. In numerical model, conductors are subdivided into segments (1D finite elements) and Clark's model with distributed constant parameters is then applied. Because of the limitations of ATP-EMTP software package, the leakage resistance of buried segments is modelled as additional lumped parameter. Analytical expressions for distributed and lumped segment parameters are derived using the average potential method. Mutual electromagnetic coupling between segments is neglected due to the limitations imposed by the ATP-EMTP software package, which is based on transmission line approach. Separate computer program is developed for obtaining the earth surface transient potential distribution, from which step and touch voltages are then computed