The development of an inclusive model to construct teacher’s professional knowledge: pedagogic content knowledge for sound-based music as a new subject area

The file attached to this record is the author's final peer reviewed version.This paper outlines a systematic process for developing the different knowledge domains required for teaching sound-based (electroacoustic) music as a new subject area. As a new area within the discipline of music, teachers are novices to the field. This requires epistemological deconstruction of what knowledge teachers need in this new field. Then the analysis outlines how to develop teachers’ new knowledge; which can be constructed as: subject content knowledge (SCK), pedagogic content knowledge (PCK) and technology pedagogic content knowledge (TPACK). This epistemological analysis informed our creation of teaching materials that develop these different knowledge domains and take account of the complex interplay between them. This process was demonstrated through the ElectroAcoustic Resource Site Projects to: build first subject content knowledge; then create teacher’s packs to build pedagogic content knowledge; and a bespoke CPD programme to embed their inter-relationships and build technology pedagogic content knowledge. Most importantly, creating the teacher’s packs employed a user-centred design approach, putting teachers and pupils in the centre of the development process, thereby giving them voice. Voice is an integral part of empowerment in our model, which is conceptualised as practicing ‘communicative action’ (Habermas 1984) and disrupts the hegemonic grip of the academic curriculum dominated by the tradition music canon. This paper adds to the knowledge-base regarding how to develop the different domains required for teaching a new subject. We argue that sound-based music is accessible to all teachers and learners, thereby increasing inclusivity. This in turn can radically disrupt ways of teaching music in schools and the model created provides the necessary scaffolding for a paradigm shift in music teaching on an international level

Separate cortical stages in amodal completion revealed by functional magnetic resonance adaptation : research article

Background Objects in our environment are often partly occluded, yet we effortlessly perceive them as whole and complete. This phenomenon is called visual amodal completion. Psychophysical investigations suggest that the process of completion starts from a representation of the (visible) physical features of the stimulus and ends with a completed representation of the stimulus. The goal of our study was to investigate both stages of the completion process by localizing both brain regions involved in processing the physical features of the stimulus as well as brain regions representing the completed stimulus. Results Using fMRI adaptation we reveal clearly distinct regions in the visual cortex of humans involved in processing of amodal completion: early visual cortex - presumably V1 - processes the local contour information of the stimulus whereas regions in the inferior temporal cortex represent the completed shape. Furthermore, our data suggest that at the level of inferior temporal cortex information regarding the original local contour information is not preserved but replaced by the representation of the amodally completed percept. Conclusion These findings provide neuroimaging evidence for a multiple step theory of amodal completion and further insights into the neuronal correlates of visual perception

Variety

To most Americans, Jurassic Park was a too-realistic, barebones Michael Crichton novel that Steven Spielberg envisaged into a sensational thriller and the year\u27s highest-grossing film. Even those among us who can\u27t tell a strand of DNA from a spiral staircase left the theater with shaky knees, white knuckles, and a speck of curiosity: could any of that actually happen

this is what happens

University of Michiganhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/136824/1/Wolf_Sarah_thesis.pd

Shame, Blindness, and the Face of the Other: Emotions In and Out of Rabbinic Legal Texts

This article sheds light on the social nature of shame in rabbinic law in its analysis of the Babylonian Talmud’s discussions of legally actionable shame (boshet) and the emphasis therein on visual experience in defining both shame and legal obligation. The article highlights a connection within rabbinic thought between sightedness and what it means to be fully aware of and responsible for others. By exploring these interactions between sight, obligation, and emotion, this article reveals that the rabbinic understanding of vision is at the core of their conception of both the affective and legal dimensions of shame

The Effect of Methylmercury on The Auditory Brainstem Response in Domestic Zebra Finches (Taeniopygia Guttata)

With global urbanization on the rise, human activities continue to threaten the functionality of auditory communication in birds through induced change to vocalizations, the acoustic landscape, and hearing ability. One human-associated pollutant potentially affecting auditory communication is mercury, which is released into the environment through industrial emissions and is correlated with markers of global climate change. Already, mercury has been implicated in mammalian high-frequency hearing impairment; however, the effect of mercury on avian hearing ability is unknown. In this study, we examined whether dietary mercury exposure affected hearing ability in domestic zebra finches using the auditory brainstem response (ABR), which measures the peripheral auditory pathway’s response to sound. Our results revealed that mercury-exposed birds exhibited elevated hearing thresholds, lowered amplitudes, and longer latencies compared to non-exposed birds, all of which argue that methylmercury is degrading hearing ability in domestic zebra finches. When these effects are considered in combination with other anthropogenic stressors that are often correlated with mercury contamination in the field, the hearing impairments we document here could substantially degrade avian auditory communication in nature. This study presents the first evidence of mercury-induced hearing impairment in birds. If used as a model for vertebrate communication pathways, this and related research could elucidate how mercury-induced physiological responses associated with hearing could impact communication abilities and fitness in the field

Traumatization Resulting from Interpersonal Disclosure: Developing a Measure of Disclosure-Induced Neo-Trauma

The purpose of this study was to introduce a new construct into the field of traumatology: disclosure-induced neo-trauma (DINT). DINT is conceptually defined as a negative disclosure experience that entails traumatic stress, disrupts the relationship between the discloser and the person(s) to whom they disclosed, and is appraised by the discloser as a new traumatic event. Participants (N = 167) identified a stressful event in their lives and reported whether they had ever disclosed that event. The majority (59%) of participants who had disclosed the event had experienced a difficult disclosure, and 15% strongly agreed that the disclosure in and of itself was a traumatic event (45% somewhat agreed). These findings support the notion that the DINT experience is relevant and impactful for many people. A six-item disclosure-trauma scale was created to facilitate identification of DINT. A series of analyses supported the construct validity of the disclosure-trauma scale, which had high reliability (Crohbach’s alpha = .91). The PROCESS macro (Hayes, 2022) supported the hypothesized mediation model that negative social responses would predict disclosure trauma via two pathways: a) by creating traumatic stress symptoms related to the disclosure and b) by negatively impacting the discloser’s relationship with the person to whom they disclosed. All of the associations involving the disclosure-trauma scale were independent of any association with post-traumatic stress due to the originating stressful event, suggesting that DINT is a separate and novel trauma with its own distinct set of symptoms. The findings have numerous clinical and conceptual implications, and for contemporary trauma theory’s application of trauma-informed frameworks. For persons recovering from trauma, negative disclosure experiences are a sometimes unacknowledged, yet regular, part of their journey. DINT is not only an added burden, but also a new wound with its own sequelae of symptoms requiring a distinct approach to treatment

The Enigmatic Canal-Associated Neurons Regulate Caenorhabditis elegans Larval Development Through a cAMP Signaling Pathway.

Caenorhabditis elegans larval development requires the function of the two Canal-Associated Neurons (CANs): killing the CANs by laser microsurgery or disrupting their development by mutating the gene ceh-10 results in early larval arrest. How these cells promote larval development, however, remains a mystery. In screens for mutations that bypass CAN function, we identified the gene kin-29, which encodes a member of the Salt-Inducible Kinase (SIK) family and a component of a conserved pathway that regulates various C. elegans phenotypes. Like kin-29 loss, gain-of-function mutations in genes that may act upstream of kin-29 or growth in cyclic-AMP analogs bypassed ceh-10 larval arrest, suggesting that a conserved adenylyl cyclase/PKA pathway inhibits KIN-29 to promote larval development, and that loss of CAN function results in dysregulation of KIN-29 and larval arrest. The adenylyl cyclase ACY-2 mediates CAN-dependent larval development: acy-2 mutant larvae arrested development with a similar phenotype to ceh-10 mutants, and the arrest phenotype was suppressed by mutations in kin-29 ACY-2 is expressed predominantly in the CANs, and we provide evidence that the acy-2 functions in the CANs to promote larval development. By contrast, cell-specific expression experiments suggest that kin-29 acts in both the hypodermis and neurons, but not in the CANs. Based on our findings, we propose two models for how ACY-2 activity in the CANs regulates KIN-29 in target cells