49,959 research outputs found
[Review of] Robert Utley, Battlefield and Classroom: An Autobiography of Richard Henry Pratt
Battlefield and classroom is an important book that looks at a crucial era in American Indian history. Robert Utley\u27s notes have done an excellent job in making Richard Pratt and his motivations and impact on American Indian tribal life accessible to the average reader while retaining the book\u27s value as a scholarly work. It is a must read for those attempting to understand the importance of the boarding school era. With this book, Utley has successfully reopened the debate that has surrounded Richard Pratt and his motives
The Short-Term Effects of Viewing Relationally Aggressive Media on Hostile Cognitions in College Women
Correlational and experimental research indicates that relationally aggressive media exposure is associated with increased aggression (e.g., Coyne, Archer, & Eslea, 2004; Coyne et al., 2008; 2011). The General Aggression Model (GAM) (Anderson & Bushman, 2002) suggests that cognitions about aggression mediate the relationship between aggressive media exposure and subsequent behavior, but little research has examined this possibility in regards to relationally aggressive media. The goals of this study were (1) to examine the short-term effects of viewing relationally aggressive media on hostile response generation in women, and (2) to examine whether pre-existing relational aggression moderates these effects. 158 college women were randomly assigned to view either a relationally aggressive or neutral movie clip. After viewing, participants read 5 vignettes that described interpersonal conflicts, and then were asked to generate a behavioral response to each scenario. There was a significant interaction of type of movie clip viewed and pre-existing relational aggression. Specifically, watching the relationally aggressive movie clip caused participants who were high on relational aggression to generate significantly more hostile responses than those low on relational aggression. These findings provide evidence that relationally aggressive media exposure affects cognitive processes underlying aggressive behavior, but that these short-term effects are moderated by individual differences in aggression. Implications for future research are discussed
Zoonotic diseases: sharing insights from interdisciplinary research
Researchers and others involved with the Zoonoses and Emerging Livestock Systems (ZELS) initiative gathered in Tanzania earlier this year to discuss progress with projects being carried out as part of the five- year programme. Mary Ryan and Sarah Cleaveland report
Aggregating Impact: A Funder's Guide to Mission Investment Intermediaries
This report provides a guide to mission investment intermediaries, organizations that collect capital from multiple sources and reinvest it in people and enterprises, whether nonprofit or for-profit, that deliver both social impact and financial returns. A growing number of foundations and other funders are beginning to use such intermediaries versus making mission investments directly. This is due to a number of advantages that intermediaries can provide, such as ease of investment, reduced risk, lower transaction costs, specialized expertise, performance reporting, and an expanded deal flow. Yet research disclosed that many funders are unaware of the wide range of mission investment intermediaries that are available and of the advantages they can offer. The authors provide an overview of mission investment intermediaries and how foundations use them, the benefits and challenges of investing in intermediaries, and an analysis of available intermediaries that address economic development, housing and the environment
The case for the development of novel human skills capture methodologies
As the capabilities of industrial automation are growing, so is the ability to supplement or replace the more tacit, cognitive skills of manual operators. Whilst models have been published within the human factors literature regarding automation implementation, they neglect to discuss the initial capture of the task and automation experts currently lack a formal tool to assess feasibility. The definition of what is meant by "human skill" is discussed and three crucial theoretical underpinnings are proposed for a novel, automation-specific skill capture methodology: emphasis upon procedural rules, emphasis upon action-facilitating factors and taxonomy of skill
The Kepler-19 System: A Transiting 2.2 R_⊕ Planet and a Second Planet Detected via Transit Timing Variations
We present the discovery of the Kepler-19 planetary system, which we first identified from a 9.3 day periodic transit signal in the Kepler photometry. From high-resolution spectroscopy of the star, we find a stellar effective temperature T_(eff) = 5541 ± 60 K, a metallicity [Fe/H] = –0.13 ± 0.06, and a surface gravity log(g) = 4.59 ± 0.10. We combine the estimate of T_(eff) and [Fe/H] with an estimate of the stellar density derived from the photometric light curve to deduce a stellar mass of M_*= 0.936 ± 0.040 M_☉ and a stellar radius of R_* = 0.850 ± 0.018 R_☉ (these errors do not include uncertainties in the stellar models). We rule out the possibility that the transits result from an astrophysical false positive by first identifying the subset of stellar blends that reproduce the precise shape of the light curve. Using the additional constraints from the measured color of the system, the absence of a secondary source in the high-resolution spectrum, and the absence of a secondary source in the adaptive optics imaging, we conclude that the planetary scenario is more than three orders of magnitude more likely than a blend. The blend scenario is independently disfavored by the achromaticity of the transit: we measure a transit depth with Spitzer at 4.5 μm of 547^(+113)_(–110) ppm, consistent with the depth measured in the Kepler optical bandpass of 567 ± 6 ppm (corrected for stellar limb darkening). We determine a physical radius of the planet Kepler-19b of R_p = 2.209 ± 0.048 R_⊕; the uncertainty is dominated by uncertainty in the stellar parameters. From radial velocity observations of the star, we find an upper limit on the planet mass of 20.3 M_⊕, corresponding to a maximum density of 10.4 g cm^(–3). We report a significant sinusoidal deviation of the transit times from a predicted linear ephemeris, which we conclude is due to an additional perturbing body in the system. We cannot uniquely determine the orbital parameters of the perturber, as various dynamical mechanisms match the amplitude, period, and shape of the transit timing signal and satisfy the host star's radial velocity limits. However, the perturber in these mechanisms has a period ≾ 160 days and mass ≾ 6 M_(Jup), confirming its planetary nature as Kepler-19c. We place limits on the presence of transits of Kepler-19c in the available Kepler data
A study of general practice consultations at Mosta Health Centre, Malta
Primary care is the first contact for patients with health related
problems. In Malta, primary health is provided
by both private and state sectors. The state services are
free-of-charge and provide a 24 hrs walk-in GP service at
health centres as well as community care, immunisation
and local clinics (bereg) for free prescriptions and blood
pressure monitoring. The aim of this study was to obtain basic demographic
data and reasons for encounter (RfEs) of patients attending
Mosta Health Centre from 8am to 5pm between 16th July
and 7th October 2012. The RfE data were collected with
the International Classification of Primary Care Version
2 (ICPC-2) and compared with data from local and
international studies. Patients attending the clinic during the first author’s
allocated time at the GP clinic were anonymously recorded
and data collected was organised according to gender,
age, locality and RfE. The RfEs were classified according
to ICPC-2 criteria. A total of 271 patients were reviewed, where 132 were
male and 139 females. The age of patients ranged between
2 months and 86 years. The majority of patients were from
Mosta and St. Paul’s Bay. The commonest RfE according
to ICPC-2 was musculoskeletal complaints. Data collected showed that in general practice the
reasons for consultations is vast with the most common
RfEs being musculoskeletal problems, administrative
work, health check-ups, respiratory problems and blood
pressure monitoring. Improvement of the primary care
services with an increase in resources would decrease the
burden on secondary care.peer-reviewe
The Power of Strategic Mission Investing
A growing number of foundations are offering low-interest loans, buying into green business ventures, and investing in other asset classes to advance their missions. Yet most mission investing remains haphazard and inconsequential. To bring about real change, foundations need to take a fundamentally different approach, making strategic mission investments that complement their grantmaking. Authors Mark Kramer and Sarah Cooch talk about strategic mission investing in the Fall 2007 issue of Stanford Social Innovation Review
Packing identical simple polygons is NP-hard
Given a small polygon S, a big simple polygon B and a positive integer k, it
is shown to be NP-hard to determine whether k copies of the small polygon
(allowing translation and rotation) can be placed in the big polygon without
overlap. Previous NP-hardness results were only known in the case where the big
polygon is allowed to be non-simple. A novel reduction from Planar-Circuit-SAT
is presented where a small polygon is constructed to encode the entire circuit
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