A Comparison of the Use of Exercise as a Leisure Activity for Anorexic and Bulimic Teenage Girls to a Control Group

The purpose of this study was to determine if the leisure activities of anorexic and bulimic teenage girls differ from those of a control group, and to determine the difference between the two groups in their commitment to exercise. Two surveys, the State Technical Institute’s Leisure Assessment Process (STILAP) and the Commitment to Exercise Scale, were distributed to anorexic and bulimic teenage girls in an Omaha, Nebraska, treatment facility. The surveys were also given to a control group made up of teenage girls in two Omaha area high schools. Six girls participated in the anorexic and bulimic group and 18 participated in the control group. It is evident from this study that anorexic and bulimic teenage girls participate more in physical activities such as jogging, running, physical fitness, and biking than the control group. They, however, do not participate in social activities such as dancing and party going as much as the control group. The control group participated in more activities in the areas involving mental skills, emotional/mental stimulation, social situations, and leadership opportunities. Anorexic and bulimic teenage girls are more committed to exercise, miss less exercise sessions, will exercise more if they are injured or ill, and will even miss social opportunities in order to exercise. These findings suggest that a difference does occur in the leisure lifestyles of anorexic and bulimic teenage girls when compared to the lives of the control group. It also suggest that greater commitment to exercise is present in anorexic and bulimic girls lives

Changing Needs of Millennial Customers: Role of social responsibility perception and Instagram engagement in determining purchase intention

The purpose of this study is to understand how social responsibility perceptions of a brand influence Millennial consumer\u27s brand interaction on Social media. We specifically look at Instagram as it is the most used form of social media by Millennials today. We further investigate the effect of Instagram engagement on perceived brand accessibility and purchase intention towards the brand. This paper analyzes primary data collected from Millennials through online surveys in the United States. Structural equation modelling is used to analyze data and empirical evidence supports the proposed model. Results indicate that Millennials perceive higher value for brands who are socially responsible. They actively pursue such brand online and interact with those. Increased involvement in brand and its efforts through Instagram engagement further enhances intentions to purchase the brand

Transcriptional regulators of arteriovenous identity in the developing mammalian embryo

The complex and hierarchical vascular network of arteries, veins, and capillaries features considerable endothelial heterogeneity, yet the regulatory pathways directing arteriovenous specification, differentiation, and identity are still not fully understood. Recent advances in analysis of endothelial-specific gene-regulatory elements, single-cell RNA sequencing, and cell lineage tracing have both emphasized the importance of transcriptional regulation in this process and shed considerable light on the mechanism and regulation of specification within the endothelium. In this review, we discuss recent advances in our understanding of how endothelial cells acquire arterial and venous identity and the role different transcription factors play in this process

Introduction : Animal Studiesand Guillaume de Palerne

This Introduction places the romance of Guillaume de Palerne in the context of animal studies.Cette Introduction vise à situer le roman de Guillaume de Palerne dans le contexte des « études animales »

“Going somewhere makes sense, but somehow it seems more shameful:” Italian women’s attitudes and perceptions of reproductive tourism

Background: Law 40/2004 transformed Italy from a place with a largely unregulated commercial medically assisted reproduction (MAR) market to a country with the most conservative approach to MAR. As a result, the number of Italians seeking MAR outside of Italy skyrocketed, doubling in one year as citizens sought to escape the strict legislation. Even though restrictions were lifted on procedures like gamete donation, surrogacy is still banned, and single women and homosexual couples still cannot access MAR in Italy. Objective: The purpose of this study is to understand Italian women’s perceptions of, and experiences with, reproductive tourism, including benefits and barriers, and emotional, mental and physical costs. Methods: Using qualitative methodology techniques, in-depth interviews with 30 (May-June 2018) women aged 18-50 living in or around Florence, Italy and using the Italian healthcare system. Interviews were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. HyperRESEARCH data assisted in data management, and open and axial coding were conducted to break down data using a grounded theory approach. Results: Limitations in Italian reproductive care are a result of restrictive legislature and religious presence, causing Italians to travel abroad for treatments. The current perceptions and attitudes Italian women have towards reproductive tourism show that women do not commonly discuss this among others and are not completely knowledgeable of the circumstances. The financial cost of traveling for reproductive care complicates women’s access, and traveling abroad for such care can increase the emotional impact of being infertile. Conclusions: Reproductive tourism in Italy is misunderstood and difficult for Italians to pursue. Policy change is necessary to further adapt laws and provide options for individuals, especially same-sex couples and single women, seeking reproductive treatments. Italian women often experience emotional and financial burdens when experiencing infertility and while reproductive tourism is not a perfect solution, it is sometimes the only option. Thus, ways to facilitate access (i.e., referrals, financial assistance, etc.) to MAR could mitigate the effects of the strict legislation

Does the Affirmative Consent Standard Increase the Accuracy of Sexual Assault Perceptions? It Depends on How You Learn About the Standard

Objective: Colleges and universities are increasingly adopting affirmative consent standards of sexual assault, in which consent is defined as conscious and voluntary “yeses” given throughout a sexual interaction. We examined the impact of affirmative consent standards on perceptions of assault and consent. Hypotheses: We hypothesized that in sexual assault scenarios involving physical force or verbal coercion, exposure to the consent standard would increase perceptions of assault and decrease perceptions of consent relative to not being exposed to the standard. We then explored whether dehumanization of the perpetrator or the victim mediates the association between assault type and sexual assault perceptions and how this relation changes on the basis of exposure to the affirmative consent standard. Method: We exposed 909 participants (predominantly women: n = 574; predominantly White: n = 677; age: M = 28.61 years, SD = 11.10; students: n = 363, Mechanical Turk workers: n = 546) to an affirmative consent standard in a written policy, a video using a “cup-of-tea” metaphor to describe the consent standard, or no information on the standard. Participants rated perceptions of assault, consent, and dehumanization of a man and woman involved in a sexual interaction involving physical force, verbal coercion, or a consensual agreement. Results:Participants who saw the affirmative consent video were more likely to perceive physical assault as assault compared with participants in the no-exposure control condition. Participants who read the affirmative consent definition were no more or less likely to perceive physical assault as sexual assault compared with participants in the control condition. Participants exposed to the text definition perceived the consensual interaction as more assaultive than did participants in the video and control conditions. Perpetrator dehumanization also emerged as a mediator of the relation between assault type and assault perceptions. Conclusions: These results suggest that exposure to consent standards sometimes aids sexual assault decision-making but also leads to confusion, even in scenarios in which consent is normally discernable. Public Significance: Many institutions of higher education use affirmative consent standards, or a “yes means yes” approach, in attempts to stop sexual assault. Empirical evidence on how these standards shape perceptions of assault is mixed. University offices of violence prevention and Title IX officers may benefit from considering the manner in which students are educated about consent standards to understand the impact of training on sexual assault decision-making. Includes Supplemental materials

Exploring the benefits and barriers to Nordic walking in people with Parkinson's disease: a feasibility study

Background - Nordic Walking (NW) has shown promising outcomes for people with Parkinson’s Disease (PwPD). Aim - To explore implementation of NW in the National Health Service. Method - Literature review and feasibility study. PwPD joined an eight week NW programme. Attendance and measures of mobility (Timed Up and Go (TUG), ten metre walk test) and quality of life (QoL) (PD non-motor questionnaire) were recorded pre and post intervention. Barriers and facilitators and cost were recorded.Findings - Eight studies indicated that NW is superior to walking and flexibility/ relaxation exercise, with improvements in postural stability and gait. Nine of ten participants completed the intervention with improvements in mobility (0.16 seconds faster (TUG), 1.27 seconds faster (ten metre walk test), and QoL (better sleep, pain management, constipation, mood, exercising outside) after the intervention. Cost £6.50 per participant per session with no adverse events. Conclusion - NW programmes can be safely delivered in the NHS, in partnership with British Nordic walking