Iconic dishes, culture and identity: the Christmas pudding and its hundred years’ journey in the USA, Australia, New Zealand and India

Asserting that recipes are textual evidences reflecting the society that produced them, this article explores the evolution of the recipes of the iconic Christmas pudding in the United States, Australia, New Zealand and India between the mid-nineteenth and the mid-twentieth centuries. Combining a micro-analysis of the recipes and the cookbook that provided them with contemporary testimonies, the article observes the dynamics revealed by the preparation and consumption of the pudding in these different societies. The findings demonstrate the relevance of national iconic dishes to the study of notions of home, migration and colonization, as well as the development of a new society and identity. They reveal how the preservation, transformation and even rejection of a traditional dish can be representative of the complex and sometimes conflicting relationships between colonists, migrants or new citizens and the places they live in

Sequential treatment of ADHD in mother and child (AIMAC study): importance of the treatment phases for intervention success in a randomized trial

Background: The efficacy of parent-child training (PCT) regarding child symptoms may be reduced if the mother has attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The AIMAC study (ADHD in Mothers and Children) aimed to compensate for the deteriorating effect of parental psychopathology by treating the mother (Step 1) before the beginning of PCT (Step 2). This secondary analysis was particularly concerned with the additional effect of the Step 2 PCT on child symptoms after the Step 1 treatment. Methods: The analysis included 143 mothers and children (aged 6–12 years) both diagnosed with ADHD. The study design was a two-stage, two-arm parallel group trial (Step 1 treatment group [TG]: intensive treatment of the mother including psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy; Step 1 control group [CG]: supportive counseling only for mother; Step 2 TG and CG: PCT). Single- and multi-group analyses with piecewise linear latent growth curve models were applied to test for the effects of group and phase. Child symptoms (e.g., ADHD symptoms, disruptive behavior) were rated by three informants (blinded clinician, mother, teacher). Results: Children in the TG showed a stronger improvement of their disruptive behavior as rated by mothers than those in the CG during Step 1 (Step 1: TG vs. CG). In the CG, according to reports of the blinded clinician and the mother, the reduction of children’s disruptive behavior was stronger during Step 2 than during Step 1 (CG: Step 1 vs. Step 2). In the TG, improvement of child outcome did not differ across treatment steps (TG: Step 1 vs. Step 2). Conclusions: Intensive treatment of the mother including pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy may have small positive effects on the child’s disruptive behavior. PCT may be a valid treatment option for children with ADHD regarding disruptive behavior, even if mothers are not intensively treated beforehand. Trial registration: ISRCTN registry ISRCTN73911400. Registered: 29 March 2007

Photoluminescent metalloles for chemical sensing of nitroaromatic explosives and chromium(VI)

Photoluminescent metallacyclopentadienes, or metalloles, are shown to be highly sensitive and selective sensors for oxidant molecules. The method of detection is through electron-transfer quenching of the luminescence of the metallole by the electron-deficient analytes. The capability of metalloles to act as redox sensors results from their low energy LUMO and-small HOMO-LUMO band gap energy. An improved catalytic dehydrogenative coupling synthesis of the explosives sensing polysilole and polygermole is detailed. This new method requires less hazardous reagents and offers significantly improved product yields over traditional Wurtz coupling syntheses. Addition of a hydrogen-accepting alkene co-reagent further improves polymer yield and molecular weight. Dehydrogenative coupling proceeds through either a catalytically homogeneous or heterogeneous mechanism, depending on the catalyst used. Homogeneous catalysts, RhCl(PPh3) 3 and Pd(PPh3)4, produce a significant amount (40%) of the silole dimer, thus limiting chain length and overall yield. The heterogeneous catalyst, H2PtCl6, produces higher molecular weight polymer product. Reaction mechanisms are proposed to account for this difference. Polymetalloles and novel copolymers of diethynylbenzene and dihydrometalloles are investigated as detectors of solid-state nitroaromatic explosives, namely trinitrotoluene, dinitrotoluene, and picric acid. Thin films of the polymers are highly photoluminescent and show visual luminescence quenching in the presence of the explosives. Thin films are prepared via spray coating an organic solution of the polymers and the presence of explosives is confirmed by visual inspection of the film when illuminated with near UV radiation. Detection limits as low as 5 ng are possible. Aqueous TNT detection is possible at 20 parts per billion (ppb) using colloidal polysilole nanoparticles. Fluorescence quenching efficiencies improve by 400% for the nanoparticles relative to the dissolved polymer. Nanoparticles, formed by the precipitation of an organic solution of the polymer with water, are approximately 80 nm in diameter, and have fluorescence lifetimes near 3.8 ns. Functionalization of metalloles can produce redox sensors specific to other analytes. Thus, catalytic hydrosilation of allylamine by methylhydrosilole yields a chemoselective chromate sensor. A colloid of siloleamine nanoparticles is able to detect 100 ppb CrO42-. The sensor is selective to chromate and relatively insensitive to other oxoanion interferents commonly found in water supplie

Photoluminescent metalloles for chemical sensing of nitroaromatic explosives and chromium(VI)

Photoluminescent metallacyclopentadienes, or metalloles, are shown to be highly sensitive and selective sensors for oxidant molecules. The method of detection is through electron-transfer quenching of the luminescence of the metallole by the electron-deficient analytes. The capability of metalloles to act as redox sensors results from their low energy LUMO and-small HOMO-LUMO band gap energy. An improved catalytic dehydrogenative coupling synthesis of the explosives sensing polysilole and polygermole is detailed. This new method requires less hazardous reagents and offers significantly improved product yields over traditional Wurtz coupling syntheses. Addition of a hydrogen-accepting alkene co-reagent further improves polymer yield and molecular weight. Dehydrogenative coupling proceeds through either a catalytically homogeneous or heterogeneous mechanism, depending on the catalyst used. Homogeneous catalysts, RhCl(PPh3) 3 and Pd(PPh3)4, produce a significant amount (40%) of the silole dimer, thus limiting chain length and overall yield. The heterogeneous catalyst, H2PtCl6, produces higher molecular weight polymer product. Reaction mechanisms are proposed to account for this difference. Polymetalloles and novel copolymers of diethynylbenzene and dihydrometalloles are investigated as detectors of solid-state nitroaromatic explosives, namely trinitrotoluene, dinitrotoluene, and picric acid. Thin films of the polymers are highly photoluminescent and show visual luminescence quenching in the presence of the explosives. Thin films are prepared via spray coating an organic solution of the polymers and the presence of explosives is confirmed by visual inspection of the film when illuminated with near UV radiation. Detection limits as low as 5 ng are possible. Aqueous TNT detection is possible at 20 parts per billion (ppb) using colloidal polysilole nanoparticles. Fluorescence quenching efficiencies improve by 400% for the nanoparticles relative to the dissolved polymer. Nanoparticles, formed by the precipitation of an organic solution of the polymer with water, are approximately 80 nm in diameter, and have fluorescence lifetimes near 3.8 ns. Functionalization of metalloles can produce redox sensors specific to other analytes. Thus, catalytic hydrosilation of allylamine by methylhydrosilole yields a chemoselective chromate sensor. A colloid of siloleamine nanoparticles is able to detect 100 ppb CrO42-. The sensor is selective to chromate and relatively insensitive to other oxoanion interferents commonly found in water supplie

The New Household Receipt Book

Contains maxims, directions, and specifics for promoting health, comfort, and improvement in the homes of the people: compiled from the best authorities, with many receipts never before collected. Digitized by Google from Harvard Library and available at Hathitrust.https://knowledge.e.southern.edu/foodiesguide-1850/1002/thumbnail.jp

Northwood; or, Life north and south : showing the true character of both /

Mode of access: Internet

LITERARY CULTURE

Thesi