Numerical Study of Low Salinity Water Flooding in Naturally Fractured Oil Reservoirs

Due to the increase of the activities in the oil industries, higher interest has been given to enhance the recover the trapped oil and produce more oil from the matured reservoirs. Worldwide, enhanced oil recovery (EOR) is implemented in most reservoirs to recover additional amounts of oil that are not recovered during secondary recovery by water flood or gas injection. Recently, a numerous techniques such as thermal, miscible, immiscible and chemical has proposed to enhanced oil recovery and to increase the producible oil from oil reservoirs. The suitability and the success of a specific EOR process are highly sensitive to reservoir and fluid characteristics, recovery efficiency, availability of injected fluids, and costs. One of the common techniques which have been proposed recently is low salinity water flooding where the sea water with a controlled salinity and salt content is used to alter the rock wettability or enhance the fine migration and resulted in higher oil production. This study aims to investigate the possibility of using low salinity water flooding in naturally fractured reservoirs. The wettability changes are taking into account in terms of oil/water relative, saturation and capillary pressure as these parameters play a key role during the simulation of brine injection. The results show that the oil recovery significantly increases specially for water wet reservoirs as the reason behind is the decreasing water production after the breakthrough of the low saline brines

Developing UWB Pulse Generator with Output Split Inverters for Breast Imaging System

A digital glitch monocycle pulse generator in a standard 0.13-?m CMOS technology is designed for breas

Effectiveness of exercise therapy on pain relief and jaw mobility in patients with pain-related temporomandibular disorders: a systematic review

BackgroundOrofacial pain conditions are complex disorders that involve biological, social, and psychological factors. Temporomandibular Disorders (TMDs) are one of the most common orofacial pain conditions, and our previous literature review indicated that exercise therapy has shown promise in reducing TMD-related pain. However, more evidence is needed to firmly establish its effectiveness.ObjectivesThis systematic review aims to investigate the effectiveness of exercise therapy on pain relief and jaw mobility in patients with pain-related TMDs.MethodsTo include randomized controlled trials (RCTs) written in English, a literature search was performed using PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Ovid, EBM reviews, and Academic Search Complete initially from 4th November 2020 until March 2022. A PICOS for this review was as follows; P: Patients with TMD myalgia or arthralgia, I: Excursion exercise, Stretch exercises, Resistance exercise, or Coordination exercise, C: No treatment or education only. O: Pain intensity and Range of Motion (ROM), S: RCTs. After title screening, a full-text assessment was done to extract data. According to Risk of Bias (RoB) 2.0, risk of bias was assessed in each included paper by 2 reviewers independently.ResultsA total of 3,388 titles were identified from the electronic database search. After the screening and full-text evaluation, only 5 studies (145 participants) were eligible to be included. Among the exercise modalities, coordination exercise showed a significant effect on pain relief and improvement of joint mobility.DiscussionDue to the heterogeneity and small sample size of the included studies, a meta-analysis was not feasible. However, this systematic review suggested that exercise therapy, especially coordinate exercise, can be effective in managing painful TMD conditions. Further research is needed to establish optimal parameters for this patient population, as well as standardization and consistency in terminology and treatment structure

Extending the IFC Standard to Enable Road Operation and Maintenance Management through OpenBIM

Open Building Information Modelling (OpenBIM) is a collaborative project management process. Its application to road infrastructures is currently limited. OpenBIM standards for infrastructure are still under development. One of these standards is the Industry Foundation Classes (IFC), which is a data architecture for modelling infrastructure projects. The current and upcoming releases of IFCRoad focus on structuring data for the design and construction phases of an infrastructure’s lifecycle. Semantics of the O&M process phase are not fully integrated within these standards. This paper proposes an extension of the IFC schema to enrich this standard with semantics inherent in the O&M phase of road infrastructures. This extension, based on IFCInfra4OM ontology, allows the OpenBIM process to be fully applied to road infrastructures. Its implementation on a case study relative to the A7 Agadir–Marrakech Highway in Morocco enables, on the one hand, analysis and compliance with O&M management requirements on the basis of a single container: the IFC-BIM-based model. On the other hand, it allows comparison of the OpenBIM process with that of ClosedBIM for the integration of O&M data into BIM for a road infrastructure

Vers une extension du Building Information Modeling aux projets d’infrastructure routière: Cas d’étude d’un échangeur autoroutier au Maroc

Building Information Modeling (BIM) is a technology revolution in the building industry where it has proven itself throughout the life cycle of a building. This reality has led in recent years to an extension of this concept to the Civil Engineering sector for infrastructure projects by deploying scientific research within universities or organized in international groups. The common goal is to facilitate the exchange of data and collaboration around these projects. In this context, our research focuses specifically on road projects and aims to propose a conceptual model for structuring a 3D BIM for this type of infrastructure. This conceptual model is based on the standards applicable in Morocco in addition to recommendations of BuildingSmart in terms of IFC standard. This article provides an exhaustive literature review on the recent advances on integrating BIM in the infrastructure sector. Then, a case study in Morocco is discussed to highlight the requirements and technical constraints that should be taken into consideration for the implementation of 3D BIM in roads infrastructure projects. Key Words: Building Information Modeling, Road projects, InfrastructuresLe Building Information Modeling (BIM) est une révolution de la technologie dans le secteur du bâtiment où il a fait ses preuves tout au long du cycle de vie d’un bâtiment. Cette réalité a mené depuis quelques années, à une extension de ce concept au secteur du Génie Civil pour les projets d’infrastructures en déployant des recherches scientifiques au sein d’universités ou organisées en groupes internationaux. L’objectif commun étant de faciliter l’échange des données et la collaboration autour de ces projets. Dans ce contexte, notre recherche porte spécifiquement sur les projets routiers et vise à proposer un modèle conceptuel de structuration d’un BIM 3D  pour ce type d’infrastructure. Ce modèle conceptuel est basé sur les normes en vigueur au Maroc  d’une part et des recommandations de BuildingSmart en termes de norme IFC d’autre part. Cet article, présente une revue de littérature exhaustive des avancées récentes en termes d’intégration du BIM dans le secteur de l’infrastructure. Ensuite un cas pratique au Maroc est discuté pour mettre en évidence les exigences et les contraintes techniques qui devront être considérées pour l’implémentation du BIM 3D dans les projets d’infrastructure routière. Mots clefs: Building Information Modeling, Projet Routier, Infrastructure

IFCInfra4OM: An Ontology to Integrate Operation and Maintenance Information in Highway Information Modelling

Building information modelling (BIM) is increasingly appropriate for infrastructure projects, and in particular for transport infrastructure. It is a digital solution that integrates the practices of the construction industry in facility management during the whole life cycle. This integration is possible through a single tool, which is the 3D digital model. Nevertheless, BIM standards, such as industry foundation classes, are still in the pipeline for infrastructure management. These standards do not fully meet the requirements of operation and maintenance of transport infrastructure. This paper shows how BIM could be implemented to address issues related to the operation and maintenance phase for transport infrastructure management. For this purpose, a new ontological approach, called Industry Foundation Classes for Operation and Maintenance of Infrastructures (IFCInfra4OM), is detailed. This ontology aims to standardise the use of building information modelling for operation and maintenance in road infrastructures. To highlight the interest of the proposed ontological approach, a building information model of a section on the A7 Agadir–Marrakech Highway in Morocco is produced according to IFCInfra4OM. The methodology is presented. The results obtained, including the IFCInfra4OM data model, are submitted. In the last section, an overview of the IFC extension approach is submitted