The study of non-Newtonian nanofluid with hall and ion slip effects on peristaltically induced motion in a non-uniform channel

In this study, we considered the unsteady peristaltic motion of a non-Newtonian nanofluid under the influence of a magnetic field and Hall currents. The simultaneous effects of ion slip and chemical reaction were also taken into consideration. The flow problem was suggested on the basis of the continuity, thermal energy, linear momentum, and nanoparticle concentration, which were further reduced with the help of Ohm's law. Mathematical modelling was executed using the lubrication approach. The resulting highly nonlinear partial differential equations were solved semi-analytically using the homotopy perturbation technique. The impacts of all the pertinent parameters were investigated mathematically and graphically. Numerical calculations have been used to calculate the expressions for the pressure increase and friction forces along the whole length of the channel. The results depict that for a relatively large value of the Brownian parameter, the chemical reaction has a dual behaviour on the concentration profile. Moreover, there is a critical point of the magnetic parameter at which the behaviours of the pressure increase and friction forces are reversed for progressive values of the power law index. The present investigation provides a theoretical model that estimates the impact of a wide range of parameters on the characteristics of blood-like fluid flows

The study of non-Newtonian nanofluid with hall and ion slip effects on peristaltically induced motion in a non-uniform channel

In this study, we considered the unsteady peristaltic motion of a non-Newtonian nanofluid under the influence of a magnetic field and Hall currents. The simultaneous effects of ion slip and chemical reaction were also taken into consideration. The flow problem was suggested on the basis of the continuity, thermal energy, linear momentum, and nanoparticle concentration, which were further reduced with the help of Ohm's law. Mathematical modelling was executed using the lubrication approach. The resulting highly nonlinear partial differential equations were solved semi-analytically using the homotopy perturbation technique. The impacts of all the pertinent parameters were investigated mathematically and graphically. Numerical calculations have been used to calculate the expressions for the pressure increase and friction forces along the whole length of the channel. The results depict that for a relatively large value of the Brownian parameter, the chemical reaction has a dual behaviour on the concentration profile. Moreover, there is a critical point of the magnetic parameter at which the behaviours of the pressure increase and friction forces are reversed for progressive values of the power law index. The present investigation provides a theoretical model that estimates the impact of a wide range of parameters on the characteristics of blood-like fluid flows

A Study of Nonlinear Variable Viscosity in Finite-Length Tube with Peristalsis

Peristaltic motion of an incompressible Newtonian fluid with variable viscosity induced by periodic sinusoidal traveling wave propagating along the walls of a finite-length tube has been investigated. A perturbation method of solution is sought. The viscosity parameter α (α << 1) is chosen as a perturbation parameter and the governing equations are developed up to the first-order in the viscosity parameter (α). The analytical solution has been derived for the radial velocity at the tube wall, the axial pressure gradient across the length of the tube, and the wall shear stress under the assumption of low Reynolds number and long wavelength approximation. The impacts of physical parameters such as the viscosity and the parameter determining the shape of the constriction on the pressure distribution and on the wall shear stress for integral and non-integral number of waves are illustrated. The main conclusion that can be drawn out of this study is that the peaks of pressure fluctuate with time and attain different values with non-integral numbers of peristaltic waves. The considered problem is very applicable in study of biological flow and industrial flow

Metachronal propulsion of a magnetized particle-fluid suspension in a ciliated channel with heat and mass transfer

Biologically inspired pumping systems are of great interest in modern engineering since they achieve enhanced efficiency and circumvent the need for moving parts and maintenance. Industrial applications also often feature two-phase flows. In this article, motivated by these applications, the pumping of an electrically conducting particle-fluid suspension due to metachronal wave propulsion of beating cilia in a two-dimensional channel with heat and mass transfer under a transverse magnetic field is investigated theoretically. The governing equations for mass and momentum conservation for fluid- and particle-phases are formulated by ignoring the inertial forces and invoking the long wavelength approximation. The Jeffrey viscoelastic model is employed to simulate non-Newtonian characteristics. The normalized resulting differential equations are solved analytically. Symbolic software is employed to evaluate the results and simulate the influence of different parameters on flow characteristics. Results are visualized graphically with carefully selected and viable data

Effects of hospital facilities on patient outcomes after cancer surgery: an international, prospective, observational study

Background Early death after cancer surgery is higher in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) compared with in high-income countries, yet the impact of facility characteristics on early postoperative outcomes is unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the association between hospital infrastructure, resource availability, and processes on early outcomes after cancer surgery worldwide.Methods A multimethods analysis was performed as part of the GlobalSurg 3 study-a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study of patients who had surgery for breast, colorectal, or gastric cancer. The primary outcomes were 30-day mortality and 30-day major complication rates. Potentially beneficial hospital facilities were identified by variable selection to select those associated with 30-day mortality. Adjusted outcomes were determined using generalised estimating equations to account for patient characteristics and country-income group, with population stratification by hospital.Findings Between April 1, 2018, and April 23, 2019, facility-level data were collected for 9685 patients across 238 hospitals in 66 countries (91 hospitals in 20 high-income countries; 57 hospitals in 19 upper-middle-income countries; and 90 hospitals in 27 low-income to lower-middle-income countries). The availability of five hospital facilities was inversely associated with mortality: ultrasound, CT scanner, critical care unit, opioid analgesia, and oncologist. After adjustment for case-mix and country income group, hospitals with three or fewer of these facilities (62 hospitals, 1294 patients) had higher mortality compared with those with four or five (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 3.85 [95% CI 2.58-5.75]; p&lt;0.0001), with excess mortality predominantly explained by a limited capacity to rescue following the development of major complications (63.0% vs 82.7%; OR 0.35 [0.23-0.53]; p&lt;0.0001). Across LMICs, improvements in hospital facilities would prevent one to three deaths for every 100 patients undergoing surgery for cancer.Interpretation Hospitals with higher levels of infrastructure and resources have better outcomes after cancer surgery, independent of country income. Without urgent strengthening of hospital infrastructure and resources, the reductions in cancer-associated mortality associated with improved access will not be realised

On behavioral response of ciliated cervical canal on the development of electroosmotic forces in spermatic fluid

The goal of this research is to conduct a theoretical investigation about the effect of the electroosmotic forces on the swimming of sperms throughout the cervical canal. To imitate male semen with self-propulsive spermatozoa, a hyperbolic tangent fluid is used as the base liquid. Swimming sperms move inside a ciliated cervical canal and peristalsis occurs due to the ciliated walls. The perturbation method is used to solve the controlling partial differential set of equations analytically. Due to selfpropulsion of swimmers and long wavelength assumption, a creeping flow protocol is used throughout the stream. The stream pattern, velocity distribution, and pressure gradient (above and below the swimming sheet) solutions are produced and displayed with the relevant parameters. The outcomes of this manuscript show that the rheological parameters of hyperbolic tangent fluid are more appropriate to simulate and discuss the motility of cervical fluid. Moreover, the motility of mucus velocity is more applicable for small values of power law index n at the upper swimming sheet of propulsive spermatozoa. In addition, the mucus velocity increases in both region (upper and lower region of swimming sheet) with an increase of the electroosmotic parameter me and Helmholtz-Smoluchowski velocity UHS. The present analysis provides a mathematical assessment to the swimmers’ interaction through the ciliated genital tract where the embryo is affected by the interaction of ciliary activity

Leveraging Elasticity to Uncover the Role of Rabinowitsch Suspension through a Wavelike Conduit: Consolidated Blood Suspension Application

The present work presents a mathematical investigation of a Rabinowitsch suspension fluid through elastic walls with heat transfer under the effect of electroosmotic forces (EOFs). The governing equations contain empirical stress-strain equations of the Rabinowitsch fluid model and equations of fluid motion along with heat transfer. It is of interest in this work to study the effects of EOFs, which are rigid spherical particles that are suspended in the Rabinowitsch fluid, the Grashof parameter, heat source, and elasticity on the shear stress of the Rabinowitsch fluid model and flow quantities. The solutions are achieved by taking long wavelength approximation with the creeping flow system. A comparison is set between the effect of pseudoplasticity and dilatation on the behaviour of shear stress, axial velocity, and pressure rise. Physical behaviours have been graphically discussed. It was found that the Rabinowitsch and electroosmotic parameters enhance the shear stress while they reduce the pressure gradient. A biomedical application to the problem is presented. The present analysis is particularly important in biomedicine and physiology

Scientific breakdown of a ferromagnetic nanofluid in hemodynamics: Enhanced therapeutic approach

In this article, we examine the mechanism of cobalt and tantalum nanoparticles through a hybrid fluid model. The nanofluid is propagating through an anisotropically tapered artery with three different configurations: converging, diverging and non-tapered. To examine the rheology of the blood we have incorporated a Williamson fluid model which reveals both Newtonian and non-Newtonian effects. Mathematical and physical formulations are derived using the lubrication approach for continuity, momentum and energy equations. The impact of magnetic field, porosity and viscous dissipation are also taken into the proposed formulation. A perturbation approach is used to determine the solutions of the formulated nonlinear coupled equations. The physical behavior of all the leading parameters is discussed for velocity, temperature, impedance and streamlines profile. The current analysis has the intention to be used in therapeutic treatments of anemia because cobalt promotes the production of red blood cells since it is a component of vitamin B12, this is in addition to having tantalum that is used in the bone implants and in the iodinated agents for blood imaging due to its long circulation time

Electromagnetic flow for two-layer immiscible fluids

This article aims to analyze the electromagnetic flow for two-layer of immiscible fluids in an inclined channel. Thermal conductivity and viscosity are considered as functions of temperature. The channel contains two regions one of them full of permeable matrix soaked in a Newtonian fluid and the second region has pure fluid. Due to the nonlinearity of the mathematical model, we will apply the homotopy analysis method (HAM) to get the solutions for the current problem and the obtained results are compared with the numerical solution. The results show that the electric field boosts the velocity profile in both regions. While the velocity decelerates with increasing the magnetic field due to the Lorentz force. Keywords: Electromagnetic, Immiscible fluids, Porous medium, Variable viscosity, Heat transfe