Survey on the Antibacterial Effect of Silver Nanoparticles Deposited on Textile Fabrics

Background: According to the recent studies, the antibacterial activities of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) were studied on Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative Escherichia coli. In this study antibacterial effect of silver nanoparticles that used for coating textiles, on E.coli and S.aureus was investigated.Methods: Silver nanoparticles were coated on textile fabric by corona treatment and the antibacterial properties of fabrics were quantitatively evaluated by using a Gram-positive bacterium S. aureus and Gram-negative bacterium E. coli.Results: The textiles coated with silver nanoparticles had favorable antimicrobial effect against both E. coli and S. aureus. The value of antibacterial activity was appropriated with corona power and deposition that was used for absorption of Silver nanoparticle on samples.Conclusions: These results suggest that silver nanoparticles could be used as an effective antibacterial material.

Survey on the Antibacterial Effect of Silver Nanoparticles Deposited on Textile Fabrics

Background: According to the recent studies, the antibacterial activities of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) were studied on Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative Escherichia coli. In this study antibacterial effect of silver nanoparticles that used for coating textiles, on E.coli and S.aureus was investigated.Methods: Silver nanoparticles were coated on textile fabric by corona treatment and the antibacterial properties of fabrics were quantitatively evaluated by using a Gram-positive bacterium S. aureus and Gram-negative bacterium E. coli.Results: The textiles coated with silver nanoparticles had favorable antimicrobial effect against both E. coli and S. aureus. The value of antibacterial activity was appropriated with corona power and deposition that was used for absorption of Silver nanoparticle on samples.Conclusions: These results suggest that silver nanoparticles could be used as an effective antibacterial material.

Identification of Campylobacter Jejuni and Campylobacter Coli from Diarrheic Samples Using PCR

Background: Campylobacter jejune and C. coli are recognized as the most common bacteriological causes of gastroenteritis in humans. In this study Identification of Campylobacter Jejuni and Campylobacter Coli from samples using PCR was explored.Methods: Detection was performed using diarrheal samples collected 8 from 117 children. The genomic DNA of samples was extracted by phenol-chloroform method. All DNA extracts were examined for the presence of C.jejuni and C.coli species based on PCR method. Results: Of 117 diarrheal samples, 35 (29.9%) were found positive for 10 Campylobacter spp using PCR. Conclusions: The results of this study showed that PCR is effective for rapidly screening stool samples for Campylobacter spp, due to its high sensitivity and specificity

Identification of Campylobacter Jejuni and Campylobacter Coli from Diarrheic Samples Using PCR

Background: Campylobacter jejune and C. coli are recognized as the most common bacteriological causes of gastroenteritis in humans. In this study Identification of Campylobacter Jejuni and Campylobacter Coli from samples using PCR was explored.Methods: Detection was performed using diarrheal samples collected 8 from 117 children. The genomic DNA of samples was extracted by phenol-chloroform method. All DNA extracts were examined for the presence of C.jejuni and C.coli species based on PCR method. Results: Of 117 diarrheal samples, 35 (29.9%) were found positive for 10 Campylobacter spp using PCR. Conclusions: The results of this study showed that PCR is effective for rapidly screening stool samples for Campylobacter spp, due to its high sensitivity and specificity

Pulmonary Manifestations of SARS Co V 2 Infection in Mild/Severe Patients

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused viral pneumonia in Wuhan City in China in December of 2019. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) primarily targets the lungs with severe hypoxia, which usually results in death. COVID-19 is highly heterogeneous regarding severity, clinical phenotype, and more importantly, global dispersal. The respiratory system in all aspects such as respiratory airways, endothelium of pulmonary vessels, conducting airways, the alveoli, neuromuscular breathing structure, and pulmonary circulation are affected by this virus. A comprehensive concept of the source and dynamic action of the SARS-CoV-2 and the possible causes of heterogeneity in COVID-19 is required for predicting and managing the illness in acute and chronic stages of the pulmonary sign

Aerobic Bacterial Community of American Cockroach Periplaneta americana,a Step toward Finding Suitable Paratransgenesis Candidates

Background: Cockroaches mechanically spread pathogenic agents, however, little is known about their gut microbiota. Identification of midgut microbial community helps targeting novel biological control strategies such as paratransgenesis. Here the bacterial microbiota of Periplaneta americana midgut, were identified and evaluated for finding proper paratransgenesis candidate. Methods: Midgut of specimens were dissected and cultivated in different media. The bacterial isolates were then identified using the phenotypic and 16S-rRNA sequencing methods. Results: The analytical profile index (API) kit showed presence of 11 bacterial species including: Escherichia coli, Shigella flexineri, Citrobacter freundii, E. vulneris, Enterobacter cloacae, Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, Y. intermedia, Leclericia adecarboxylata, Klebsiella oxytoca, K. planticola, and Rahnella aquatilis in the cockroach midguts. The first three species are potentially symbiotic whereas others are transient. The conventional plating method revealed presence of only four isolates of Salmonella, E. coli, and Proteus which in three cases mismatched with API and 16S-rRNA genotyping. The API correctly identified the four isolates as Shigella flexneri, Citrobacter freundii, and E. coli (n= 2). 16S-rRNA sequence analysis confirmed the API results; however the C. freundii sequence was identical with C. murliniae indicating lack of genetic variation in the gene between these two closely related species. Conclusion: A low number of potentially symbiotic bacteria were found in the American cockroach midguts. Among them Enterobacter cloacae is a potential candidate for paratransgenesis approach whereas other bacteria are pathogens and are not useful for the approach. Data analysis showed that identification levels increase from the conventional to API and to genotyping respectively

Emerging Challenges in Staphylococcus aureus Bloodstream Infections: Insights from Coagulase Typing, Toxin Genes, and Antibiotic Resistance Patterns

Background. The incidence of complications and mortality associated with Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) bloodstream infections has been increasing significantly, particularly in developing countries where control strategies against this virulent pathogen and its resistance to antibacterial agents are insufficient. The aim of this study was to investigate coagulase typing, the prevalence of toxin genes, and the antibiotic resistance profile of S. aureus isolated from bloodstream infections. Methods. Antibiotic susceptibility of the isolates was determined by the disk diffusion method. The prevalence of toxin genes was determined using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. Genetic variability of isolates was determined using multiplex PCR based on coagulase gene polymorphism. Results. Out of 120 strains, 55 (46%) were methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and 65 (54%) were methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA). All isolates were susceptible to linezolid and teicoplanin but showed varying levels of resistance to other antibiotics. The highest resistance was observed for ampicillin (92.5%), gentamicin (69.2%), and amikacin (68.3%). Multidrug resistance was observed in all isolates. PCR analysis revealed a higher prevalence of toxin genes in MRSA (tst: 38%, pvl: 29.1%, eta: 10%, and etb: 4.1%) than that in MSSA. According to the coa typing, the most prevalent types were coa III (29.2%), coa II (26.7%), and coa VI (10%). Conclusion. The presence of genetic variability and widespread multidrug resistance in our hospitals emphasizes the circulation of various coa types. Therefore, it is crucial to implement antimicrobial stewardship and infection control measures to prevent and control the spread of these strains

COVID-19 and cause of pregnancy loss during the pandemic: A systematic review

Introduction The association between Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and abortion has been debated since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. We aimed to conduct this systematic review to understand better the potential effects of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on fetal loss in infected mothers presented with abortion following this infection. Methods We included articles published in PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, clinicaltrials.gov, and Embase databases in 2019 and 2020 through a comprehensive search via appropriate keywords, including COVID-19 and abortion synonyms. All studies with the abortion data in COVID-19 confirmed pregnant females were collected. Results Out of 208 potentially relevant articles, 11 articles were eligible to include in the systematic review. The included reports were published because of the following reasons: (1) First-trimester miscarriage; (2) Late miscarriage; (3) complication of COVID-19 infection in pregnancy; (4) COVID-19 disease in artificial pregnancy. First-trimester abortion was found in 5 studies, and second-trimester abortion in 7 studies. Two patients acquired infection during the hospital stay while they were referred for abortion. Reports related to abortion in pregnant females with COVID-19 show that most miscarriages due to COVID-19 in the first trimester were due to placental insufficiency. Conclusions There is an increased risk of abortion in mothers with a positive test result of SARS-CoV-2, which several case reports and case series have identified during the pandemic. Placental inflammation during the viral infection may result in fetal growth retardation and induce abortion. There has not been any consistent evidence of vertical transmission of the virus from mother to fetus, which requires further investigation

Aerobic Microbial Community of Insectary Population of Phlebotomus papatasi.

Background: Microbes particularly bacteria presenting in the gut of haematophagous insects may have an important role in the epidemiology of human infectious disease. Methods: The microbial flora of gut and surrounding environmental of a laboratory strain of Phlebotomus papatasi, the main vector of Zoonotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (ZCL) in the old world, was investigated. Biochemical reac- tions and 16s rDNA sequencing of the isolated bacteria against 24 sugars and amino acids were used for bacteria species identification. Common mycological media used for fungi identification as well. Results: Most isolates belonged to the Enterobacteriaceae, a large, heterogeneous group of gram-negative rods whose natural habitat is the intestinal tract of humans and animals. Enterobacteriaceae groups included Edwardsiella, Enterobacter, Escherichia, Klebsiella, Kluyvera, Leminorella, Pantoea, Proteus, Providencia, Rahnella, Serratia, Shigella, Tatumella, and Yersinia and non Enterobacteriaceae groups included Bacillus, Staphylococcus and Pseu- domonas. The most prevalent isolates were Proteus mirabilis and P. vulgaris. These saprophytic and swarming mo- tile bacteria were isolated from all immature, pupae, and mature fed or unfed male or female sand flies as well as from larval and adult food sources. Five fungi species were also isolated from sand flies, their food sources and colo- nization materials where Candida sp. was common in all mentioned sources. Conclusion: Midgut microbiota are increasingly seen as an important factor for modulating vector competence in insect vectors so their possible effects of the mirobiota on the biology of P. papatasi and their roles in the sandfly- Leishmania interaction are discussed