data of figure 1

Quantification of E. coli 536 in the feces in each mouse along the experimen

data of figure 5

The data used to produce the box plots of the figure 5 are presented in this tabl

data of figure 4

The results of flux cytometry are presented in this tabl

Intestinal colonization after a single oral challenge with 10⁷ CFU of UPEC strain 536.

<p>Fecal pellets were individually collected from C3H/HeOuJ (A) or C57BL6/J (B) mice every day or every other day after oral challenge. <i>E</i>. <i>coli</i> strain 536 CFUs were enumerated in the feces by serial dilution on MacConkey+streptomycin (30 μg/mL) agar plates and expressed as log₁₀ (CFU/g feces). Mean bacterial loads were not significantly different over time (Fig 1A and 1B, one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni’s correction for multiple comparisons). C: Some C3H/HeOuJ mice provided by Jackson Laboratory were colonized by Enterobacteriaceae and others were not. Here, fecal counts on days 1 to 8, from Fig 1A are pooled, and represented according to the presence or absence of Enterobacteriaceae prior to oral gavage with <i>E</i>. <i>coli</i> strain 536. The line indicates a significant difference with p<0.01 (t-test). Bars and whiskers represent means ± standard deviation (Fig 1A and B) or median and interquartile range (Fig 1C).</p

TNFα, IL-6, and IL-10 cytokine ELISA measurements in the ileum (A), caecum (B) and colon (C) 2 days after oral gavage with 100 μL of PBS (controls), and 2 or 8 days after oral gavage with 10⁷ CFU of <i>E</i>. <i>coli</i> strain 536.

<p>Box and whiskers represent medians and interquartile ranges. Lines indicate significant differences with p<0.01 (Mann-Whitney U test).</p

A, and B: Hematoxylin and eosin stain of an ileum section of a mouse 2 days after oral challenge with 10⁷ CFU of <i>E</i>. <i>coli</i> strain 536.

<p>A: 10X magnification. B: 40X magnification.</p

Non B2 grew faster than B2 in high pH high osmolarity.

<p>Boxplots of the doubling times (DT) in minutes of 12 B2 and 10 non-B2 representative strains of <i>E. coli</i> in LB, pH 8.5 with 350 mmol/L of sodium. We found a significant difference between B2 strains and non B2 strains using a Welch test (p = 0.001).</p

Multiple gains and losses of modules around <i>nhaAR</i> operon.

<p>A parsimonious scenario of gains and losses of the 5 modules defined in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0108738#pone-0108738-g001" target="_blank">figure 1</a> is presented along the phylogenetic tree of the strains. – indicates losses and + acquisitions (colors of modules as in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0108738#pone-0108738-g001" target="_blank">figure 1</a>).</p

Virulence-gene scheme for defining ST131 <i>E. coli</i> virotypes.

a<p>Positive and negative results obtained by PCR for <i>ibeA</i> (invasion of brain endothelium), <i>iroN</i> (catecholate siderophore receptor), <i>sat</i> (secreted autotransporter toxin), <i>afa/draBC</i> (Afa/Dr adhesins), <i>afa</i> operon FM955459, <i>papG</i> II (allele II of <i>papG</i> gene), <i>papG</i> III (allele III of <i>papG</i> gene), <i>cnf1</i> (cytotoxic necrotizing factor type 1), <i>hlyA</i> (alpha-hemolysin), <i>cdtB</i> (cytolethal distending toxin) and <i>neuC</i>-K1 (K1 variant of group II capsule).</p>b<p>Most isolates of virotype A and B are <i>sat</i>-positive.</p>c<p>Isolates of virotype D3 carry genes <i>sat</i> and <i>afa</i>/<i>draBC</i>, or at least one of them. In addition, some <i>afa/draBC</i> strains are positive for <i>afa</i> operon FM955459.</p

Associations of molecular types, virulence-gene profiles and virulence patterns in the murine sepsis model of the 23 ST131 <i>E. coli</i> isolates studied.

a<p>Virotypes (including new assigned E) and subtypes of virotype D.</p>b<p>Number of mice dead within 24 h postinjection. Isolates were classified as rapidly lethal if ≥80% of mice challenged with them died within 24 h postinjection.</p>c<p>Number of mice dead within 25–48 h postinjection.</p>d<p>Total number of mice dead within 7 days of experiment.</p>e<p>Total number of mice dead within 7 days of experiment (final lethality) plus number of mice with local presence of lesion (acute inflammation in the region of bacterial inoculation) when euthanatized.</p>f<p>Virulence-gene profile obtained by PCR for detection of 40 ExPEC-associated virulence genes.</p>g<p>Virulence-gene (VG) score calculated as the sum of all virulence genes detected in an isolate.</p>h<p>ExPEC status defined as presence ≥2 of <i>papEF</i>, <i>sfa/focDE</i>, <i>afa/draBC</i>, <i>iutA</i> and <i>kpsM II</i>.</p>i<p>Isolates FV 9873, FV 7563 and H1659 exhibited <i>afa</i> operon FM955459.</p