Notas taxonómicas y biogeográficas sobre las esponjas del Estrecho de Magallanes

The sponge material from the Straits of Magellan collected by the research vessels Cariboo in 1991 and Victor Hensen in 1994, and by a shallow water diving team, were studied. Most of the investigated bottoms were soft or detritic and true rocky shores were seldom surveyed. However, alternative hard substrata are the holdfasts of dead laminarians, very abundant in the Straits, which represent a sort of microenvironment suitable for settling of sponges and other benthic organisms. Out of a total of more than 150 specimens, 44 demosponge species were identified. The resulting taxonomic pattern suggests a very heterogeneous sponge assemblage, partly related to the variety of the surveyed stations. Sponge communities are characterized by a patchy distribution, a high specific diversity and a low biomass. Most of the recorded species are of austral origin and distribution, confirming the Subantarctic character of the demosponge fauna of the Magellan Straits and its close affinity (14 species in common) with the fauna of the Antarctic continent. Twenty species identified in this study had never been recorded before from the Straits.El material objeto de este estudio se recogió durante las campañas del N/O “Cariboo” en 1991 y del “Victor Hensen” en 1994 en la zona del Estrecho de Magallanes. En el segundo periodo un grupo de buzos tomó muestras también en la zona litoral. La mayor parte de los muestreos se realizaron en fondos blandos y detríticos, los verdaderos fondos duros son raros. Estos fondos están remplazados por rizoides de laminarias muertas, muy abundantes en la zona del estrecho, que constituyen una especie de micro-ambiente, apto para la instalación de esponjas y otros organismos bentónicos. De un total de más de 150 ejemplares examinados se identificaron 44 especies de demospongias. El cuadro taxonómico sugiere una comunidad heterogénea de esponjas, debida, en parte, a la variedad de las estaciones muestreadas. La comunidad se caracteriza por una distribución agregada, por una diversidad específica elevada y por una biomasa reducida. La mayor parte de las especies encontradas son de origen y distribución austral. Se confirma asi el carácter sub-antártico de la fauna de demospongias del Estrecho de Magallanes y su estrecha afinidad (14 especies en común) con la fauna antártica continental. De las especies identificadas en este estudio 20 no habían sido, hasta ahora, encontradas en el Estrecho de Magallanes

GPS migratory tracking data from 70 adults lesser kestrels from Spain and Italy

This GPS tracking data set includes migratory trajectories of 70 adults lesser kestrels (Falco naumanni) (40 females and 30 males). These birds provided 75 post-breeding and 66 pre-breeding migratory trips. We re-sampled all data to 1-hourly intervals (with deviations of 20 minutes). After re-sampling, we analysed 31,012 hourly segments. Birds were captured on 33 breeding sites across Spain (n= 58) and Italy (n=12) between 2014 and 2019 by different teams: SEO/BirdLife Spain, GREFA, LIFE ZEPA-URBAN, KESTRELS-MOVE, LIFE+Natura project “Un falco per amico”. The data were used for the first PhD thesis chapter of Lina López Ricaurte Y-5977410-T, framed under the KESTRELS-MOVE project directed by Dr Javier Bustamante. This chapter was entitled “Barrier crossings and winds shape daily travel schedules and speeds of a flight generalist” and was published in Scientific Reports, June 8 2021, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-91378-x. It is recommended to use R software to read the data (also available on Movebank under the study name: (SP-IT) Lesser Kestrel migration). The data matrix contains the following fields: "LON"← longitude "LAT" ← latitude "ID” ← device code (6 characters) "HEIGHT" ← altitude (when available) "POP” ← country of origin, it/sp "sex" ← m/f "date” ← YYYY-MM-DD "season" ← spring/autumn "year" "cycle"← combination of “season” and “year” "daynight" ← day/night "desert" ← criterion for selectin positions over the desert, 1/NA "sea" ← criterion for selectin positions over the sea, 1/NA "date_time” ← YYYY-MM-DD HH-MIN-SEC "Vwind" ← v-component of the wind vector (positive values towards east, negative towards west) “BLH” ← proxy for the availability and strength of thermal uplifts "Uwind" ← u-component of the wind vector (positive values towards east, negative towards west) "trip” ← combination of “ID”, “year” and “season” (s1 = spring, s2 = autumn) "w" ← wind strength "alfa" ← wind direction (in degrees relative to north) "sidewind" ← km/h "tailwind" ← km/h "dis" ← the distance between point i and i-1 "duration" "speed" ← the speed between point i and i-1 "day2" ← bird-day from sunrise to sunset "migrate” ← classify travel days (> 5 km/h) and rest days (< 5 km/h) "barrier" ← classify barrier=1 vs non-barrier= 0 "cov.type" ← categorical variable with three levels to classify among Desert, Land, Sea.External factors such as geography and weather strongly affect bird migration influencing daily travel schedules and flight speeds. For strictly thermal‑soaring migrants, weather explains most seasonal and regional differences in speed. Flight generalists, which alternate between soaring and flapping flight, are expected to be less dependent on weather, and daily travel schedules are likely to be strongly influenced by geography and internal factors such as sex. We GPS‑tracked the migration of 70 lesser kestrels (Falco naumanni) to estimate the relative importance of external factors (wind, geography), internal factors (sex) and season, and the extent to which they explain variation in travel speed, distance, and duration. Our results show that geography and tailwind are important factors in explaining variation in daily travel schedules and speeds. We found that wind explained most of the seasonal differences in travel speed. In both seasons, lesser kestrels sprinted across ecological barriers and frequently migrated during the day and night. Conversely, they travelled at a slower pace and mainly during the day over non‑barriers. Our results highlighted that external factors far outweighed internal factors and season in explaining variation in migratory behaviour of a flight generalist, despite its ability to switch between flight modes.Peer reviewe