Obtaining compostable composites from secondary raw materials of crop production

Received: February 2nd, 2023 ; Accepted: June 16th, 2023 ; Published: July 2nd, 2023 ; Correspondence: [email protected] from the goals of sustainable development of the United Nations and the active introduction of the principles of the circular economy's concept, the possibility of using the secondary raw and material resources in the production processes is relevant. At the UN Environment Assembly in 2022 representatives of 175 countries approved a resolution and called for a joint effort of states to reduce plastic pollution. Biodegradable plastics are a well-known alternative to traditional plastics with a long natural decomposition period. Among biodegradable materials, compostable materials are especially interesting due to the possibility of absolute degradation to biomass, CO2 and water. The problem of obtaining compostable materials is related to the possibility of using secondary material resources and achieving certain quality parameters of the final product. In this research, the criteria and technological solutions for obtaining compostable materials for single use are reviewed. The requirements to the raw plant material and the final product were analyzed, various ways of obtaining such materials and raw material processing methods were investigated. As a result of the work, the ratios of the mixture components were selected, the particle sizes of the plant component were determined, the use of a hot press machine was validated and the technological parameters for obtaining the finished form of the material were determined. The obtained results of the study are planned to be used for the development of production technology of compostable bio-composites and its further scaling for their mass production of bio-composite materials for consumer and industrial needs

Role of rational reasonings in formation at students of fundamental knowledge on applied mathematics

In article the attention to expediency of application of rational reasonings in the course of training of students of physical and mathematical specialties of higher educational institutions in applied mathematics is paid

Microencapsulation of insulin and its release using w/o/w double emulsion method

The present work is devoted to design of capsules with hydrophilic drugs such as insulin to preserve its stability and biological activity using the double emulsion technique and its subsequent entrapment into biodegradable microcapsules with shells made of Chitosan and Xanthan Gum complexes. Formulation parameters (type of biopolymer, type of oil and stabilizer and its concentration, volume fraction and content of internal aqueous phase, time and regime of mixing) were investigated.The effect of the complexes on the process of emulsion formation and on the stability and characteristics of the resulting emulsions was investigated by measurements of size distribution (DLS) and interfacial charge (Zeta-potential). The resulting capsules were characterized by microscopy, size distribution and Zeta-potential measurements. The release kinetics of insulin was monitored using UV-vis spectroscopy and showed the progressive enhancement of sustainability

Probiotic yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae Az-12 isolated from pomegranate juice presented inhibitory effects against pathogenic bacteria

Abstract The potential probiotic yeast was isolated from the Kyzyl Anor pomegranate variety growing in the Turkestan region (Kazakhstan). The yeast strain was identified as Saccharomyces cerevisiae Az-12. Molecular genetic identification was carried out using the Sanger sequencing method. The degree of homology of the S. cerevisiae Az-12 strain with the strain MH608341.1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae isolate extr03 was 99.65%. Antagonistic effect of the yeast against pathogenic bacteria was confirmed according inhibition zones for Staphylococcus aureus 13.5 ± 0.05 mm; the inhibition zones for Escherichia coli 12.8 ± 0.05 mm; and 10.7 ± 0.05 mm for Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Scanning microscopy of S. cerevisiae Az-12 and S. aureus confirmed the adhesive ability of the yeast cell surface to S. aureus. S. cerevisiae Az-12 were chosen as the most promising, as they are able to quickly ferment juices. Functional drinks containing pomegranate juice and yeast with a probiotic effect can be considered as a useful synbiotic product formulation

Isolation and study of a bioactive extract enriched with anthocyanin from red grape pomace (Cabernet Sauvignon)

Received: February 6th, 2023 ; Accepted: May 7th, 2023 ; Published: July 25th, 2023 ; Correspondence: [email protected] pomace is a natural product rich in dietary fibers, polyphenols and anthocyanidins. By their chemical composition, secondary products from grape processing are valuable raw materials for obtaining a variety of new products. Recently, in food biotechnology, fermented and unfermented grape pomace have undergone a deeper study of the role of additives in dry powders or extracts. The quality and biological value of natural food products are determined by their chemical composition and a whole complex of integral organoleptic properties that depend on this composition. Natural anthocyanin dyes not only give color to vegetable raw materials, but also have a well-known physiological activity, in particular, coloring and antioxidant. Purified natural dyes have recently been increasingly used to improve the consumer properties of food products, in biologically active additives, in pharmaceutical preparations for the treatment and prevention of various diseases. At the same time, the composition of anthocyanins, even for the same variety of plant raw materials, is complex and variable; it depends on climatic conditions, on the maturity of berries, root crops, and the quality of agricultural work. Anthocyanins easily undergo a number of transformations depending on the conditions of extraction and analysis. The originality and novelty of the isolation and production of biologically active extracts with antiradical properties from by-products of local wineries in ecologically safe areas of southern Kazakhstan lies in the fact that natural environmental conditions: high temperatures and low humidity which contribute to the formation of biologically active substances with increased concentrations. Current research was aimed at the deep study of extracts from grape pomace rich - anthocyanins. Red grape pomaces of Vitis vinifera L. Cabernet Sauvignon were extracted using a solvent-based (SE) method with concentrations of 70% v/v and solid/liquid ratios of 1:10, followed by incubation at three different temperatures of 30 °C, 40 °C, and 50 °C for 1 h, 2 h, 3 h, and 4 h. All solvent extracts showed higher amounts of anthocyanin pigments. The maximum yield was obtained by using the optimal time of extraction (2 h at 50 °C), with the highest total anthocyanin recovery obtained by means of 70% ethanol. The anti-radical and toxic effects of the obtained extract (anthocyanin) were studied