Redescription of Ctenapseudes sapensis (Chilton, 1926) from the Upper Songkhla Lagoon, Thailand (Crustacea: Tanaidacea)

The parapseudid tanaidacean Ctenapseudes sapensis (Chilton, 1926) is minutely redescribed and illustrated. The species is very similar to C. chilkensis, described by the same author based on samples from the brackish Chilka Lake in India (Chilton, 1924). C. sapensis was the only apseudomorph tanaidacean found in Upper Songkhla Lagoon, southern Thailand.This species is dominant in this lagoon, and, at the same time, is a major food source for some catfishes (Osteogeneiosus militaris, Arius truncatus and Arius maculatus)

Distribution of Trace Elements in Sediments and Biota of Songkhla Lake, Southern Thailand

The concentrations of Co,Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb,As, Fe, Mn, and Al were determined in sediments and biota of Songkhla Lake, a shallow coastal lagoon located in southern Thailand. In June 2006, surface sediments were sampled in 44 stations in the three sections of the lake (inner-, middle-, and outer sections). Sediment cores were also sampled in 13 stations in three cross-sections of the lake. In surface sediments, trace and major elements, organic matter, sediment grain size analysis, and sulfides were determined, and in the sediment cores, redox profiles were made. Soil samples were also collected at garbage dumping sites in the vicinity of the lake. In addition, the metal accumulation in two catfish species (Arius maculatus and Osteogeneiosus militaris) and the crustacean (Apseudes sapensis) was also investigated. Trace element concentrations in sediments of Songkhla Lake show that, especially the Outer section of the lake, in particular the sediments atthe mouths of the Phawong, U-Taphao, and Samrong Canals are significantly enriched with trace elements due to municipal, agricultural, and industrial discharges entering the lake through the canals. Aluminumnormalized enrichment factors throughout the lake vary from 0.4 to 1.7 for Ni, 0.3 to 3.3 for Cu, 0.2 to 7 for Zn, 0.1 to 14 for As, 1 to 24 for Cd, 0.7 to 6.8 for Pb, and 0.1 to 7.8 for Mn. Correlations between the elements and sediment characteristics show that Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb are essentially associated with the sulfide fraction; that Ni and Co are predominantly bound to the clay minerals and iron oxy-hydroxides, and that As is principally bound to iron oxy-hydroxides. The accumulation of trace elements between muscle tissue and liver and eggs of A. maculatus and O. militaris is element-specific, but concentrations of trace elements in fish muscle tissue are well within the limits for human consumption

Birdotanais Songkhlaensis, A New Genus And Species Of Nototanaidae (Crustacea: Tanaidacea) From Thailand

Kakui, Keiichi, Angsupanich, Saowapa (2012): Birdotanais Songkhlaensis, A New Genus And Species Of Nototanaidae (Crustacea: Tanaidacea) From Thailand. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 60 (2): 421-432, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.534985

Description of three species of Halmyrapseudes (Crustacea: Tanaidacea: Parapseudidae), with a discussion of biogeography

Kakui, Keiichi, Angsupanich, Saowapa (2013): Description of three species of Halmyrapseudes (Crustacea: Tanaidacea: Parapseudidae), with a discussion of biogeography. Zootaxa 3736 (4): 345-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3736.4.

Kamaka appendiculata Ariyama, Angsupanich & Rodcharoen, 2010, sp. nov.

Kamaka appendiculata sp. nov. (Figs 2–5) Kamaka sp. 2 Angsupanich et al., 2005: 375. Material examined. Holotype: male, 2.1 mm (OMNH-Ar- 7750), Outer Songkhla Lagoon (Fig. 1 A; 07°08' 47 ''N, 100 ° 33 ' 15 ''E), 1.2 m deep, brown soft clay, 30 psu in salinity, 12 Oct. 2008, coll. S. Angsupanich. Allotype: female, 1.7 mm (OMNH-Ar- 7751), same data as holotype. Other paratypes: 2 males, 1.9, 1.7 mm (OMNH-Ar-7752, 7753); 1 male and 2 females, 2.1, 2.0, 1.8 mm (PSUZC-CR0224 to 0226); 7 males and 4 females, 1.8 –2.0, 1.7–2.3 mm (PSUZC-CR0227, 0228; not dissected), same data as the holotype. Description. Male [based on holotype, 2.1 mm (OMNH-Ar- 7750), and paratype 1.9 mm (OMNH-Ar- 7752) for pereopod 5]. Body (Fig. 2) slender, smooth. Eyes medium-sized. Antenna 1 (Fig. 3 A) with ratio of lengths of peduncular articles 1–3 1: 0.9: 0.7, peduncular article 1 with 1 penicillate and 1 simple setae at ventrodistal corner; flagellum with 5 medium-sized articles and 1 tiny distal article, articles 2–5 each with aesthetasc at ventrodistal corner. Antenna 2 (Fig. 3 B, B 1) with article 2 bearing ovoid lamellate appendix mediodistally, ratio of lengths of peduncular articles 3–5 1: 2.2: 1.7; flagellum with 4 medium-sized articles and 1 tiny distal article, tip of article 4 with several setae. Upper lip (Fig. 3 C) with a hollow on ventral margin, bearing short thin setae. Mandible (Fig. 3 D, D 1, E, E 1) with each incisor bearing 4 cusps; left lacinia mobilis with 5 cusps, right 3 cusps; palp article length ratio 1: 1.6: 1.7, articles 1–3 with 0, 1 and 11 setae, respectively. Lower lip (Fig. 3 F) with mandibular process short, central part of outer lobe with a roundish cavity-like structure, apical parts of inner and outer lobes covered with thin setae. Maxilla 1 (Fig. 3 G, G 1) with outer plate bearing 10 robust setae apically; tip of palp article 2 with 4 robust and 2 thin setae. Maxilla 2 (Fig. 3 H) with both plates setose apically. Maxilliped (Fig. 3 I) with inner plate bearing several thick plumose setae distally; outer plate with 8 medial robust setae. Gnathopod 1 (Fig. 4 A) with coxal plate roundish-trapezoidal, posteroventral corner rounded, bearing 9 fine setae and 1 robust seta on anterior/ventral and posterior margins, respectively; basis with 3 long setae posteriorly; carpus with many thick setae and several normal setae on posterior margin and medial surface, respectively; propodus setose anteriorly and posteriorly; dactylus with denticle on posterior margin. Gnathopod 2 (Fig. 4 B) with coxal plate roundish, bearing 2 ventral setae and 1 posterior robust seta (lost); basis elongate, posterodistal corner with short seta; merus short, posterodistal corner rounded; carpus triangular; propodus enlarged, with long acute process on posteroproximal corner, posterior margin of main part with many setae, posterior margin of process with several setae; dactylus elongate, strongly curved posteriorly, anterior and posterior margins each with several setae. Pereopods 3 and 4 (Fig. 4 C, C 1, D, D 1) with coxal plates roundish, each bearing 4 ventral setae and 1 posterior robust seta; basis of pereopod 3 with 2 long setae; meri with several setae at anterodistal corners; dactyli short. Pereopod 5 (Fig. 4 E) with coxal plate wide, anterior lobe with several setae on ventral margin, posterior lobe with short plumose seta at posteroventral corner; basis slightly expanded, anterior margin with 1 plumose and 3 simple setae, anterodistal corner with 3 simple setae, posterior margin with 1 plumose and 2 simple setae; merus with thick seta at posterodistal corner; carpus with 1 + 3 robust setae; propodus with 1 + 2 robust setae and 1 apical plumose seta. Pereopod 6 (Fig. 4 F) with coxal plate narrow, anterior margin with long robust seta, posteroventral corner with short plumose seta; basis slightly curved posteriorly, anterior margin with 5 plumose and 3 simple setae, anterodistal corner with 2 simple setae, posterior margin with 2 plumose and 3 simple setae; merus with anterodistal robust seta and posterodistal long seta; carpus with 3 posterodistal robust setae; propodus with 1 + 1 + 1 robust setae, distal end with 1 long and 2 short simple setae and 1 plumose seta; dactylus curved. Pleon 2 with 2 plumose setae ventrally (Fig. 5 A). Pleopod 3 shortest (Fig. 5 B–D); peduncles of pleopods each with several plumose setae and 2 coupling hooks; outer rami shorter than inner, outer rami of pleopods 1–3 with 7, 6 and 6 articles and inner rami with 5, 4 and 4 articles, respectively. Uropod 1 (Fig. 5 E) with peduncle bearing 3 robust setae on dorsal surface; outer ramus shorter than inner, outer ramus with 3 marginal and 4 terminal robust setae, inner ramus with 2 marginal and 4 terminal robust setae. Uropod 2 (Fig. 5 F) with peduncle bearing robust seta each on dorsal and medial surface; outer ramus shorter than inner, outer ramus with 3 marginal and 4 terminal robust setae, inner ramus with 2 marginal and 4 terminal robust setae. Uropod 3 (Fig. 5 G) with peduncle bearing 1 fine seta and 1 distal robust seta on medial margin; ramus short, distal end obtuse, with 2 thick and 3 normal setae. Telson (Fig. 5 H) short, not coalesced with urosomite 3; dorsodistal margin with 2 and 1 short setae, lateral margins each with 2 penicillate setae. Female [based on allotype, 1.7 mm (OMNH-Ar- 7751)]. Generally similar to male except for antenna 2, gnathopods and oostegites. Antenna 2 (Fig. 5 I) with more slender peduncle lacking lamellate appendix. Gnathopod 1 (Fig. 5 J) with coxal plate smaller than that of male. Gnathopod 2 (Fig. 5 K) with coxal plate roundish-square, bearing 5 ventral setae and 1 posterior robust seta; basis bearing 4 setae on anterior margin, posterior margin with long seta, posterodistal corner with 3 setae; merus relatively long, distal end truncate; carpus roundish triangular, anterior margin and medial surface weakly setose; propodus setose posteriorly, palm oblique, defined by small robust seta; dactylus slender; oostegite on gnathopod 2 small, with single long seta. Pereopod 7 (Fig. 4 G) with coxal plate weakly lobate, anterior margin with robust seta, posteroventral corner with short plumose seta; basis almost linear, anterodistal corner with simple seta, posterior margin with plumose seta; merus with seta on anterodistal corner; carpus with 2 robust setae distally; propodus with 2 anterodistal robust setae, posterodistal end with 3 long simple setae and 1 plumose seta; dactylus curved. Shape change in male antenna 2 and gnathopod 2 with growth. Paratype, 1.7 mm (OMNH-Ar- 7753): lamellate appendix on peduncular article of antenna 2 small (Fig. 5 L); propodus proper, posterior process and dactylus of gnathopod 2 shorter than those of the holotype (Fig. 5 M). Etymology. Referring to the appendix on peduncular article 2 of male antenna 2. Remarks. The ovoid lamellate appendix on peduncular article 2 of male antenna 2 is a unique character that all other Kamaka species do not possess, although the shape of male gnathopod 2 of this new species resembles that of Kamaka biwae and K. morinoi. Distribution. Outer Songkhla Lagoon (present study) and Middle Songkhla Lagoon (Angsupanich et al., 2005).Published as part of Ariyama, Hiroyuki, Angsupanich, Saowapa & Rodcharoen, Eknarin, 2010, Two new species of the genus Kamaka (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Kamakidae) from Songkhla Lagoon, southern Thailand, pp. 55-68 in Zootaxa 2404 on pages 57-62, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19416

Kamaka songkhlaensis Ariyama, Angsupanich & Rodcharoen, 2010, sp. nov.

Kamaka songkhlaensis sp. nov. (Figs 6–9) Kamaka cf. taditadi Angsupanich et al., 2005: 375. — Ruensirikul et al., 2007: 1233, fig. 5. Not Kamaka taditadi Thomas & Barnard, 1991: 311, figs 1–4. — Krapp-Schickel & Myers, 2006: 1091, figs 5–7. Material examined. Holotype: male, 2.5 mm (OMNH-Ar- 7754), Outer Songkhla Lagoon (Fig. 1 B; 07° 11 '04''N, 100 ° 25 '03''E), 0.35 m deep, fine sand, 21 psu in salinity, 10 Oct. 2008, coll. S. Angsupanich. Allotype: female, 2.4 mm (OMNH-Ar- 7755), same data as holotype. Other paratypes: 2 males, 2.2, 1.7 mm (OMNH-Ar-7756, 7757); 2 males and 1 female, 1.9, 1.8, 2.2 mm (PSUZC-CR0229 to 0231); 1 male and 1 female, 1.9, 2.2 mm (PSUZC-CR0232, 0233; not dissected), same data as the holotype. Description. Male [based on holotype, 2.5 mm (OMNH-Ar- 7754)]. Body (Fig. 6) slender, smooth. Eyes medium-sized. Antenna 1 (Fig. 7 A) with ratio of lengths of peduncular articles 1–3 1: 1.2: 0.9, peduncular article 1 with 2 penicillate setae at ventrodistal corner; flagellum with 9 medium-sized articles, articles 7–9 each with aesthetasc at ventrodistal corner. Antenna 2 (Fig. 7 B, B 1) with distinct swelled article 4, ratio of lengths of peduncular articles 3–5 1: 2.6: 1.7; flagellum with 1 long, 4 medium-sized and 1 tiny distal article, article 1 excavate posteriorly, with serrate posterior margins, tip of article 5 with several setae. Upper lip (Fig. 7 C) bearing short thin setae. Mandible (Fig. 7 D, D 1, E, E 1) with left and right incisors bearing 4 and 5 cusps, respectively; left lacinia mobilis with 4 cusps, right 2 cusps; tips of accessory blades blunt (acute in paratypes); palp with article 3 broadened distally, article length ratio 1: 1.4: 1.2, articles 1–3 with 1, 6 and ca. 13 setae, respectively. Lower lip (Fig. 7 F) with mandibular process short, central part of outer lobe with a roundish cavity-like structure, apical parts of inner and outer lobes covered with thin setae. Maxilla 1 (Fig. 7 G, G 1) with outer plate bearing 10 robust setae apically; tip of palp article 2 with 4 robust, 4 thin and many feeble setae. Maxilla 2 (Fig. 7 H) with both plates wide, setose apically. Maxilliped (Fig. 7 I) with inner plate bearing several thick plumose setae distally; outer plate with 8 medial robust setae. Gnathopod 1 (Fig. 8 A) with coxal plate large, posteroventral corner right-angled, bearing 15 fine setae and 1 robust seta on anterior/ventral and posterior margins, respectively; basis with long seta posteriorly; carpus with many thick setae and normal setae on posterior margin and medial surface, respectively; propodus setose anteriorly and posteriorly; dactylus with denticle on posterior margin. Gnathopod 2 (Fig. 8 B) with coxal plate roundish, bearing 3 ventral setae and 1 posterior robust seta; basis elongate, posterodistal corner with short seta; merus relatively short, posterodistal corner rounded; carpus roundish triangular; propodus broad, with acute process on posteroproximal corner, distal margin rounded, with many setae, posterior margin of process with several setae; dactylus elongate, strongly curved posteriorly, anterior and posterior margins each with a few setae. Pereopods 3 and 4 (Fig. 8 C, C 1, D) with coxal plates roundish square, each bearing 4 ventral setae and 1 posterior robust seta; basis of pereopod 3 with long seta; meri with several setae at anterodistal corners; dactyli short. Pereopod 5 (Fig. 8 E) with coxal plate wide, anterior lobe with a few setae ventrally, posterior lobe with short plumose seta at posteroventral corner; basis slightly expanded, anterior margin with 5 simple setae, anterodistal corner with 3 simple setae, posterior margin with 5 plumose and 1 simple setae; merus with thick seta at posterodistal corner; carpus with 1 + 3 robust setae; propodus with 2 robust and 1 plumose setae distally. Pereopod 6 (Fig. 8 F) about 1.6 times as long as pereopod 5; coxal plate narrow, anterior margin with long robust seta, posteroventral corner with short plumose seta; basis almost linear, anterior margin with 6 plumose and 2 simple setae, anterodistal corner with 1 plumose and 3 simple setae, posterior margin with 5 plumose and 2 simple setae; merus with anterodistal robust seta and posterodistal long seta; carpus with 1 + 1 + 4 robust setae; propodus with 1 + 2 robust setae, distal end with 3 long and 2 short simple setae and 1 plumose seta; dactylus curved. Pereopod 7 (Fig. 8 G) about 1.2 times as long as pereopod 6; coxal plate not lobate, posteroventral corner with short plumose seta; basis almost linear, anterior margin with 5 plumose and 1 simple setae, anterodistal corner with 3 simple setae, posterior margin with 6 plumose and 2 robust setae; merus with 1 + 1 long robust setae posteriorly; carpus with 1 + 1 + 2 robust setae; propodus with 1 + 2 anterior and 1 posterior robust setae, distal end with 4 long and 2 short simple setae and 1 plumose seta; dactylus curved. Pleon 1 with 1 plumose and 1 simple setae ventrally, pleon 2 with 2 ventral and 1 posteroventral plumose setae (Fig. 9 A). Pleopod 3 shortest (Fig. 9 B–D); peduncles of pleopods each with a few plumose setae and 2 coupling hooks; outer rami shorter than inner, outer rami of pleopods 2, 3 with 8 and 7 articles and inner rami of pleopods 1–3 with 7, 7 and 6 articles, respectively. Uropod 1 (Fig. 9 E) with peduncle bearing 3 robust setae on dorsal surface; outer ramus shorter than inner, both rami each with 1 marginal and 4 terminal robust setae. Uropod 2 (Fig. 9 F) with peduncle bearing 3 dorsal robust setae; outer ramus shorter than inner, both rami each with 1 marginal and 4 terminal robust setae. Uropod 3 (Fig. 9 G, H) with peduncle bearing distal robust seta on medial margin; ramus short, distal end obtuse, with 2 thick and 2–3 normal setae. Telson (Fig. 9 H) short, not coalesced with urosomite 3; dorsodistal margin with a pair of simple and penicillate setae. Female [based on allotype, 2.4 mm (OMNH-Ar- 7755)]. Generally similar to male except for antenna 2, gnathopods and oostegites. Antenna 2 (Fig. 9 I) with peduncular article 4 slender, article 1 of flagellum without excavation. Gnathopod 1 (Fig. 9 J) with coxal plate smaller than that of male, posteroventral corner rounded. Gnathopod 2 (Fig. 9 K) with coxal plate roundish-square, bearing several ventral setae and 1 posterior robust seta; basis bearing 4 setae on anterior margin, posterior margin with 2 long setae, posterodistal corner with 3 setae; merus relatively long, distal end truncate; carpus roundish triangular, anterior margin and posterodistal corner setose; propodus setose anteriorly and posteriorly, palm oblique, defined by small robust seta; dactylus relatively stout; oostegite on gnathopod 2 small, with single long seta. Shape change in male gnathopod 2 with growth. Paratype, 2.2 mm (OMNH-Ar- 7756): propodus narrower than that of the holotype, distal margin with small spine (Fig. 9 L). Paratype 1.7 mm (OMNH-Ar- 7757): propodus narrower than that of OMNH-Ar- 7756, posterior process short, distal margin with blunt projection posteriorly, dactylus stout (Fig. 9 M). Etymology. Referring to the type locality. Remarks. This new species is characterized by the swelled peduncular article 4 of antenna 2 and the wide propodus of gnathopod 2 in adult male, and shares these characters with Kamaka poppi and K. taditadi. However, K. poppi has the following characters (Bamber, 2003): (1) peduncular article 4 of male antenna 2 with distal spine (absent in K. songkhlaensis), (2) merus of male gnathopod 2 long (relatively short in K. songkhlaensis), (3) distal margin of propodus of male gnathopod 2 almost straight (convex in K. songkhlaensis), (4) carpi of male pereopods 3, 4 short (relatively long in K. songkhlaensis), (5) inner rami of uropods 1, 2 without marginal spine (present in K. songkhlaensis). On the other hand, K. taditadi has the following characters (Thomas & Barnard, 1991; Krapp-Schickel & Myers, 2006): (1) posteroventral corner of male coxa 1 round (right-angled in K. songkhlaensis), (2) merus and carpus of male gnathopod 2 long (relatively short in K. songkhlaensis), (3) anterior margin of propodus of male gnathopod 2 with blunt triangular process (absent in K. songkhlaensis). In addition, the new species inhabits brackish environment, whereas K. taditadi is a marine species. Distribution. Outer Songkhla Lagoon (present study), Middle Songkhla Lagoon (Angsupanich et al., 2005) and Upper Songkhla Lagoon (Ruensirikul et al., 2007).Published as part of Ariyama, Hiroyuki, Angsupanich, Saowapa & Rodcharoen, Eknarin, 2010, Two new species of the genus Kamaka (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Kamakidae) from Songkhla Lagoon, southern Thailand, pp. 55-68 in Zootaxa 2404 on pages 62-67, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19416

Diversity of soil algae in undisturbed and disturbed forests at Ton Ngachang Wildlife Sanctuary and reserved forests

Species diversity of soil algae and environmental relationship were studied from undisturbed and disturbed forests at Ton Ngachang Wildlife Sanctuary and nearby reserved forests. Soil samples were collected in both dry and rainy seasons, in May and October 1999 respectively. Soil algal density was estimated by the dilution-culture method, using NSIII medium. The cultures were incubated at 25ºC and room temperature. Twenty-two genera of soil algae in Cyanophyta, Chlorophyta and Bacillariophyta divisions were identified: 17 genera from undisturbed forests, 16 genera from disturbed forests and 17 genera from reserved forests. Cyanophyta showed live highest. Comparison of soil algae from 3 sites and 2 seasons were analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). The results indicated no significant difference between sites and seasons. A detrend correspondence analysis (DCA) ordination of sites and seasons revealed no distinct cluster. Environmental variables were related to the species composition of soil algae by mean of canonical correspondence analysis (CCA). The significant factors that showed a relationship with the soil algae were pH, organic matter, available P, total N, exchangeable K, Ca and Mg, moisture content, light intensity and soil temperature. However, percent variance explained by CCA ordination was very low

Phytoplankton diversity and its relationships to the physico-chemical environment in the Banglang Reservoir, Yala Province

The diversity of phytoplankton and its relationships to the physico- chemical environment were studied in Banglang Reservoir, located on the Pattani River in Southern Thailand. Samples were collected monthly from May 2000 to April 2001 at three stations and three different depths: water surface, 10, and 30 meters. Physico-chemical parameters: temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, alkalinity, conductivity, water transparency, and nutrients were measured simultaneously. One-hundred and thirty-five species in seven divisions of phytoplankton were found. The greatest number of species were in Division Chlorophyta (50%), followed by Cyanophyta (21%), Bacillariophyta (13%), Pyrrophyta (6%), Cryptophyta (4%), Chrysophyta (3%) and Euglenophyta (3%). The most diverse genus was Staurastrum (15 species). Phytoplankton density ranged from zero to 2.1x109 cells.m-3. Microcystis aeruginosa Kutzing in January at 30 m at the lacustrine zone had the highest phytoplankton density. By applying a PCA(principal components analysis) using the MVSP statistical analysis program on the abundance of species, it was found that Cyclotella meneghiniana Kutzing and Melosira varians Agardh were the most abundant in each station. Diversity index (Simpson’s diversity index) was maximum at 10 m at the transition zone and lowest at the outflow zone. The factors affecting the phytoplankton species by Canonical correspondence analysis ordination (PC-ORD program)were alkalinity, water temperature, water transparency, nutrients and conductivity. When the water quality parameters were classified by the trophic level, Banglang Reservoir belonged to oligo-mesotrophic status. Furthermore, Cyclotella meneghiniana Kutzing and Melosira varians Agardh could be used as the phytoplankton indicator of oligo-mesotrophic reservoir