El caso de Vila-Real Sur. Regeneración de la ciudad

Vila-Real se encuentra en la provincia de Castellón comarca de la Plana Baixa, y junto con Onda y l´Alcora ha sido denominado el triángulo de oro de la cerámica. Una ciudad, que a principios del siglo XX según la distribución de la población activa, contaba con un 82% de actividad agraria, y que a finales de la pasada década, pasó al 2,4 % en este sector económico

La calidad del aire interior durante la noche en dormitorios según la apertura de la puerta = Indoor air quality at night in bedrooms depending on the door opening

En los últimos años se ha confirmado, a través de multitud de estudios, la existencia de perjuicios graves en la salud de las personas derivados de una mala calidad del aire, lo que ha fomentado el interés en diferentes áreas para su mejora. Previamente, en el año 1987, y sus revisiones en 1997 y 2005, la Organización Mundial de la Salud [OMS) ya indicaba los principales contaminantes en el aire exterior y sus efectos adversos para la salud de las personas. Más tarde, en 2010, publicaba las directrices para espacios interiores. Establecidos estos, la organización estimaba, en 2016, que este factor es el causante de la muerte prematura de 4,2 millones de personas en el mundo. En el ámbito nacional, el estudio de la evaluación de la calidad del aire en España de 2020 constata que estos indicadores, entre los que destacan la materia particulada PM2,5 y PM1 O o el Ü 3, superaban ampliamente los valores límite recomendados por la OMS. Es por ello por lo que, el Consejo General de la Arquitectura Técnica de España ha realizado un estudio de la concentración de CO2 en viviendas, analizando diferentes factores que puedan influir en este indicador. En este caso, se presenta la relación de la concentración de CO2 con la apertura de la puerta durante el periodo nocturno, atendiendo a la exposición del usuario en el dormitorio, lo que ha permitido evaluar la diferencia de concentraciones entre los que duermen con la puerta abierta y los usuarios que lo hacen con la puerta cerrada, un factor que a priori puede parecer irrelevante, pero como veremos en los resultados tiene una gran importancia. AbstractIn recent years, numerous studies have confirmed the existence of serious damage to people's health resulting from poor air quality, which has fostered interest in different areas for its improvement. Previously, in 1987, and its revisions in 1997 and 2005, the World Health Organization [WHO] already indicated the main pollutants in outdoor air and their adverse effects on people's health. Later, in 2010, it published the guidelines for interior spaces. Established these, the organization estimated, in 2016, that this factor is the cause of the premature death of 4.2 million people in the world. At the national level, the study of the evaluation of air quality in Spain in 2020 confirms that these indicators, among which particulate matter PM2.5 and PM1 O or Ü3 stand out, exceeded widely the limit values recommended by the WHO. That is why the General Council of Technical Architecture of Spain has carried out a study of the concentration of CO2 in homes, analyzing different factors that may influence this indicator. In this case, the relationship between the concentration of CO2 and the opening of the door during the night is presented, considering the exposure of the user in the bedroom, which has made it possible to evaluate the difference in concentrations between those who sleep with the door open. open and the users who do it with the door closed, a factor that may seem irrelevant at first, but as we will see in the results it is of great importance

Estudio sobre la calidad del aire interior en viviendas

Dada la importancia de la CAI en edificios para el usuario, y el interés del Consejo General de la Arquitectura Técnica de España (CGATE) en fomentar la construcción o rehabilitación de edificios con criterios saludables que procuren el bienestar de los usuarios, se presenta en este documento un estudio sobre la CAI en edificación residencial de nuestro parque actual. En este trabajo, se evalúa la CAI, según las concentraciones de CO2, que existe en viviendas distribuidas alrededor de todo el territorio nacional. Un total de 31 han sido monitorizadas durante 9 días ininterrumpidamente. A continuación, se han tratado los datos de cada una de ellas para extraer diferentes promedios de concentraciones de interés y sus relaciones con otras variables relacionadas tanto con el comportamiento de los usuarios como con ciertas características de la vivienda. Hay que tener en cuenta que los datos expuestos en este informe han sido medidos durante las 24 horas del día, independientemente de la ocupación de las estancias monitorizadas y por lo tanto de la exposición real del usuario. Por lo tanto, el grado de exposición media de los usuarios de estas viviendas, teniendo en cuenta que son los principales generadores de CO2, será seguramente superior a los valores proporcionados. Muestra de ello es el análisis desagregado de los datos de las mediciones realizadas en los Dormitorios, sobre las mediciones durante el período nocturno, durante el cual es más común que el usuario ocupe la estancia. Se adelanta que en este análisis se observa un incremento importante del valor de concentración de CO2 en comparación con el de la estancia teniendo en cuenta todo el período diario

Jornada sobre el futuro de los estudios de Arquitectura Técnica e Ingeniería de Edificación

Análisis de futuro de los estudios de edificación y arquitectura desde los puntos de vista empresarial, profesional y docente. La jornada tuvo su sede en la Escuela Superior de Edificación de Barcelona

How do women living with HIV experience menopause? Menopausal symptoms, anxiety and depression according to reproductive age in a multicenter cohort

CatedresBackground: To estimate the prevalence and severity of menopausal symptoms and anxiety/depression and to assess the differences according to menopausal status among women living with HIV aged 45-60 years from the cohort of Spanish HIV/AIDS Research Network (CoRIS). Methods: Women were interviewed by phone between September 2017 and December 2018 to determine whether they had experienced menopausal symptoms and anxiety/depression. The Menopause Rating Scale was used to evaluate the prevalence and severity of symptoms related to menopause in three subscales: somatic, psychologic and urogenital; and the 4-item Patient Health Questionnaire was used for anxiety/depression. Logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) of association between menopausal status, and other potential risk factors, the presence and severity of somatic, psychological and urogenital symptoms and of anxiety/depression. Results: Of 251 women included, 137 (54.6%) were post-, 70 (27.9%) peri- and 44 (17.5%) pre-menopausal, respectively. Median age of onset menopause was 48 years (IQR 45-50). The proportions of pre-, peri- and post-menopausal women who had experienced any menopausal symptoms were 45.5%, 60.0% and 66.4%, respectively. Both peri- and post-menopause were associated with a higher likelihood of having somatic symptoms (aOR 3.01; 95% CI 1.38-6.55 and 2.63; 1.44-4.81, respectively), while post-menopause increased the likelihood of having psychological (2.16; 1.13-4.14) and urogenital symptoms (2.54; 1.42-4.85). By other hand, post-menopausal women had a statistically significant five-fold increase in the likelihood of presenting severe urogenital symptoms than pre-menopausal women (4.90; 1.74-13.84). No significant differences by menopausal status were found for anxiety/depression. Joint/muscle problems, exhaustion and sleeping disorders were the most commonly reported symptoms among all women. Differences in the prevalences of vaginal dryness (p = 0.002), joint/muscle complaints (p = 0.032), and sweating/flush (p = 0.032) were found among the three groups. Conclusions: Women living with HIV experienced a wide variety of menopausal symptoms, some of them initiated before women had any menstrual irregularity. We found a higher likelihood of somatic symptoms in peri- and post-menopausal women, while a higher likelihood of psychological and urogenital symptoms was found in post-menopausal women. Most somatic symptoms were of low or moderate severity, probably due to the good clinical and immunological situation of these women

COVID-19 in hospitalized HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients : A matched study

CatedresObjectives: We compared the characteristics and clinical outcomes of hospitalized individuals with COVID-19 with [people with HIV (PWH)] and without (non-PWH) HIV co-infection in Spain during the first wave of the pandemic. Methods: This was a retrospective matched cohort study. People with HIV were identified by reviewing clinical records and laboratory registries of 10 922 patients in active-follow-up within the Spanish HIV Research Network (CoRIS) up to 30 June 2020. Each hospitalized PWH was matched with five non-PWH of the same age and sex randomly selected from COVID-19@Spain, a multicentre cohort of 4035 patients hospitalized with confirmed COVID-19. The main outcome was all-cause in-hospital mortality. Results: Forty-five PWH with PCR-confirmed COVID-19 were identified in CoRIS, 21 of whom were hospitalized. A total of 105 age/sex-matched controls were selected from the COVID-19@Spain cohort. The median age in both groups was 53 (Q1-Q3, 46-56) years, and 90.5% were men. In PWH, 19.1% were injecting drug users, 95.2% were on antiretroviral therapy, 94.4% had HIV-RNA < 50 copies/mL, and the median (Q1-Q3) CD4 count was 595 (349-798) cells/μL. No statistically significant differences were found between PWH and non-PWH in number of comorbidities, presenting signs and symptoms, laboratory parameters, radiology findings and severity scores on admission. Corticosteroids were administered to 33.3% and 27.4% of PWH and non-PWH, respectively (P = 0.580). Deaths during admission were documented in two (9.5%) PWH and 12 (11.4%) non-PWH (P = 0.800). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that well-controlled HIV infection does not modify the clinical presentation or worsen clinical outcomes of COVID-19 hospitalization