Proteornic approach to substrates related to MAPK pathway in 293T cells

Abundant evidence indicates that potential scaffold proteins and adaptor or linker molecules organize and specify various MAP kinase cascades. In the present study, proteomic methodologies were applied to screen these potential molecules in combination with cell morphology and cell cycle analysis. MEK1E, MKK3b, MKK5D and MKK7D were selected as representative MKKs of four main MAPK pathways. Our results showed that similar morphological transformation and G(2)/M cell cycle arrest were promoted by the over-expressed four kinases. Furthermore, global change in response to the over-expressed four kinases was characterized by differential proteomics. Eleven distinctly changed proteins were detected, in which four proteins (serine/threonine kinase 4, glutathione S-transferase p1-1, glycoprotein IX and soluble inorganic pyrophosphatase) were reported to be relative to MAPK pathways, while the other seven proteins may be new elements of substrates of the kinases. In our experiment, the expression of platelet glycoprotein IX precursor, glutathione S-transferase p1-1, peroxiredoxin 6, Ras-related protein Rab-34 and arginase 11, mitochondrial precursor was up-regulated, while the expression of serine/threonine kinase 4 (MST1) was down-regulated by the four kinases. These results suggest that these six proteins may be common targets of all the MAPK pathways in 293T cell line. Interestingly, the expression of splicing factor 313 subunit 4 and soluble inorganic pyrophosphatase (Ppase) was specifically up-regulated by MEK1E and MKK5D, and by MEK1E, MKK3b and MKK5D, respectively. The expression of methylglyoxalase was down-regulated by MEK1E and MKK7D. Furthermore, the expression of ADP-ribosylation factor-like protein I was up-regulated by MKK5D but down-regulated by MKK3b and MKK7D. These findings revealed the characteristic molecular responses to four MKKs. In conclusion, our study not only confirms that MST1, glutathione S-transferase p1-1, glycoprotein IX and soluble PPase belong to MAPK pathways, but also provides seven novel molecules for the further study of the pathways. (c) 2006 International Federation for Cell Biology. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

DNA damage response(DDR): a link between cellular senescence and human cytomegalovirus

Abstract The DNA damage response (DDR) is a signaling cascade that is triggered by DNA damage, involving the halting of cell cycle progression and repair. It is a key event leading to senescence, which is characterized by irreversible cell cycle arrest and the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) that includes the expression of inflammatory cytokines. Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a ubiquitous pathogen that plays an important role in the senescence process. It has been established that DDR is necessary for HCMV to replicate effectively. This paper reviews the relationship between DDR, cellular senescence, and HCMV, providing new sights for virus-induced senescence (VIS)

Infectious bursal disease virus influences the transcription of chicken γc and γc family cytokines during infection.

Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) infection causes immunodeficiency in chickens. To understand cell-mediated immunity during IBDV infection, this study perform a detailed analysis of chicken γc chain (chCD132) and γc family cytokines, including interleukins 2, 4, 7, 9, and 15. The mouse anti-chCD132 monoclonal antibody (mAb) was first generated by the E.coli-expressed γc protein. Immunofluorescence assay further showed that γc was a protein located with the anti-chCD132 mAb on the surface of chicken's splenic mononuclear cells. Real-time quantitative RT-PCR revealed that the chCD132 mRNA transcript was persistently downregulated in embryo fibroblasts, spleen and thymus of chickens infected with IBDV. Correspondingly during IBDV infection, the transcription of five γc family cytokines was downregulated in the thymus and presented an imbalance in the spleen. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting analyses also indicated that the percentage of CD132(+)CD8(+) T cells linearly decreased in the bursa of IBDV-infected chickens. These results confirmed that IBDV infection disturbed the in vivo balance of CD132 and γc family cytokine expression and that IBDV-induced immunodeficiency involved cellular networks related to the γc family

Formation Control of Dual Auto Guided Vehicles Based on Compensation Method in 5G Networks

With commercial application of 5G networks, many researchers have started paying attention to real-time control in 5G networks. This paper focuses on dual auto guided vehicles collaborative transport scenarios and designs a formation control system in current commercial 5G networks. Firstly, the structure of the 5G network researched in this paper is introduced. Then the round-trip time of 5G networks is measured and analyzed. The result shows that although the 5G round-trip time has randomness, it is mainly concentrated in 19 ± 3 ms, and the jitter mainly in 0 ± 3 ms. The Kalman filter is applied to estimate the transmission delay and experiment result shows the effectiveness of the estimation. Furthermore, the total delay including transmission delay and execution delay in control system is discussed. After establishing the AGV kinematic and formation model, complete control system based on compensation method is proposed. Finally, an experiment is carried out. Compared to the result without formation control, maximum distance error is reduced by 82.61% on average, while maximum angle error 45.91% on average. The result shows the effectiveness of the control system in formation maintaining in 5G network

为什么CEO解职如此罕见? 一种基于前景理论的解释

基于前景理论和公司行为理论,本研究将商业风险、所有权集中度及CEO解职后的继任来源整合于同一框架。基于中国上市公司数据所进行的大样本实证分析表明,商业风险、CEO与董事长兼任、所有权集中度与CEO解职率正相关,所有权集中度负向调节商业风险对CEO解职关系。但针对CEO解职后不同继任来源的分析显示,这种调节作用尽管在两类CEO解职中仍然得到保持,但其它所考察变量在外部继任型解职中则有着明显不同。这些发现,进一步加深了对高所有权集中度情境下,CEO解职这一极为重要的战略决策过程的理解

Beta2-microglobulin is involved in the immune response of large yellow croaker to Aeromonas hydrophila: A proteomic based study

Outbreaks of infectious diseases in cultured large yellow croaker have resulted in great economic losses. However, information regarding its immune defense is limited. In the present study, an approach by the combination of differential proteomics with EST resource was applied for investigation of a profile of serum immune response by large yellow croaker to Aeromonas hydrophila challenge after immunization and for characterizing of one of the targeted immune molecules. Of the twelve altered proteins involved in the response, eight were identified by MS, in which three were randomly selected for antiserum preparation and were further confirmed by Western blotting. Furthermore, three beta(2)m clones, one of the altered molecules, were obtained from a previously constructed Kidney Smart cDNA library of this fish, and were compared for their identity, which contributed to the identification Of beta(2)m cDNA diversity. Meanwhile, the up-regulated beta(2)m in response to the bacterial immunization and challenge was further confirmed by Western blotting. Our results indicate that beta(2)m is involved in the immune response of large yellow croaker to the challenge by A. hydrophila after immunization, which suggests an efficient approach for characterizing of targeted molecules at both the gene and protein levels. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.973 project of China [2006CB101807]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [30871925]; "863" project [2006AA100310

RAW data of "senescence sensitize cells to 50 Hz MFs"

Raw images and files of the data presented in the manuscript and supplementary information

OmpW and OmpV are required for NaCl regulation in Photobacterium damsela

Photobacterium damsela is a marine pathogen to both fish and human beings. The bacterium can shift between the ambient seawater and hosts, suggesting the existence of proteins rapidly responding to salt concentration. In the current study, proteomic methodologies were applied to screen the outer membrane proteins (OMPs) related to salt stress. OmpW and OmpV were determined in the response in this bacterium as OmpC and OmpF did in E. coli. Furthermore, the two genes were overexpressed in E. coli Top10F and complemented in V. paraheamolyticus mutants. The ability in salt-tolerance was elevated in the E. coli overexpressed OmpW and reduced in the cells overexpressed OmpV. These V. paraheamolyticus mutants could recover their response to environmental salt concentration when they were complemented by P. damsela OmpW and OmpV. These findings indicate that OmpW and OmpV are required for environmental salt regulation in P. damsela, in which OmpW and OmpV, respectively, elevate and reduce the ability in salinity-tolerance