WATER, SANITATION AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENT IN URBAN FRINGE SETTLEMENTS IN NIGERIA

The importance of water and sanitation facilities has been reflected in the measurement of human development and in their inclusion in Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). Water and sanitation facilities attain a unique situation at the urban fringe. This study is focused on the investigation of the supply of water and sanitation facilities in the fringe settlements along a development corridor of Minna, Nigeria. This corridor is attracting development from both federal and state institutions including large scale housing development. The settlements are outside the limits of water mains for the city of Minna and have received little attention in the provision of water and sanitation facilities. The present state of water and sanitation in these settlements connote low human development and stand at risk to the health of the people. The danger of serious impact on health with current urbanization of these settlements calls for re-evaluation of a laissez-faire approach that leaves the residents to informal adjustment. Against these backgrounds, the objectives of this paper are to investigate access to water and sanitation facilities in the urban fringe settlements, to determine the adequacy of these facilities; to investigate coping mechanisms by the people, to understand the burden of water search and how these are likely to affect health and human development and to discuss how integrated community-based efforts could improve water and sanitation facilities in the settlements.water, sanitation, deprivation, poverty, human development.

Desain Model Perencanaan dan Penghantaran Proses Pembelajaran Berdaya Saing terhadap Penciptaan Pembelajaran Berbasis Mutu Tinggi Berkebelanjutan

Reformation programs of education should be directed to the importance of character education that involves the government and is directed through strategic plan of the National Education Department that accesses the needs and demands of the modern world and adapt to global conditions of the modern world. The purpose of this study was to determine; (1) models Lesson Planning Design, delivery of Learning and the creation of quality learning, (2) the magnitude design factors of significantly contribute learning plan on quality learning, and (3) the magnitude of factors on design of real contribute learning plan to create quality learning, also (4) whether strong or not of design of learning plan and quality learning process that contribute to create high quality learning. Methods in this study uses survey data collection techniques based on the Quetioner and interviews.The results show that generally the respondents give an assessment "yet / not good" for the design of learning plan. From the results, correlation between learning processes and the creation of high-quality learning obtain that r-count of 0.672 > r-table 0.138 (dk = 238). There is a significant relationship between learning plan design with the creation of high-quality learning. Likewise, there is significant influence between learning process with the creation of high-quality learning. SPSS.17 show R2 of 0.640, as an index of determination that contribute to variable of learning plan design and learning process to create high quality learning.R2 of 0.640 states that 64% of learning plan design influence the creation of high quality learning, while the remaining 36% (100% -64%) is influenced by other factors that can not be controlled in this study

The Contributions of Nawawi Al-Bantani in the Development of National Law of Indonesia

This study examines the thoughts of Sheikh Nawawi al-Bantani, a great Banten scholar who lived in 1813-1897 AD. The aim is to find out about his thoughts on several legal issues, especially those related to family law. This study is fully literary using the content analysis method as an analytical tool. This study concluded that Sheikh Nawawi al-Bantani tended to follow the Shafi'i school. This can be seen from his thoughts when discussing family law issues, ranging from marriage contracts, marriage conditions, guardians and witnesses, to divorce problems and its legal consequences. When discussing the position and role of a husband in a household, al-Bantani stressed that a husband is a leader in his household. He is obliged to fulfill all the needs of his wife and children, especially those related to food, clothing, residence, education and other needs. Al-Bantani's thoughts were subsequently adopted into positive law in Indonesia, especially in Law No. 1/1974 concerning marriage and Compilation of Islamic Law (KHI), which become his biggest contribution in the development of National Law

Supply Chain Strategies to Ensure Delivery of Undamaged Goods

Supply chain leaders in the oil and gas industry face significant logistical challenges regarding the efficient and safe delivery of undamaged products to their customers. Within the conceptual framework of business process orientation theory, the purpose of this multiple case study was to explore the strategies that supply chain leaders used to ensure delivery of undamaged goods to their customers. Four supply chain leaders in the oil and gas industry in Texas were purposefully selected as participants because they had successfully implemented strategies to ensure the delivery of undamaged goods. Data were collected through semistructured interviews and review of publicly published documents from 4 companies. Data were analyzed using Yin\u27s 5-step data analysis process of compiling, disassembling, reassembling, data interpretation, and conclusion. Four themes emerged from the analyzed data: process strategy, inspection strategy, information technology strategy, and employee training strategy. The findings of this study may provide knowledge to business leaders on how to reduce the cost of product delivery and increase profitability. The study\u27s implications for positive social change include the potential for supply chain leaders to reduce material wastage and environmental pollution through the safe delivery of undamaged oil and gas products to customers

Penerapan Prinsip Kehati-hatian pada Penyaluran Pembiayaan di Baitul Maal Wat Tamwil (Bmt) Studi Analitis di Bmt Daarut Tauhiid

This study aims to determine the application of prudential principles in Baitul Maal Wat Tamwil (BMT). The case study was conducted on the distribution of funding in Baitul Maal Wat Tamwil (BMT) Daarut Tauhiid (DT) Bandung using data from January 2018 until Ocotober 2019. From research conducted by author in BMT Daarut Tauhiid, found that the principle of prudence on channeling of financing in BMT Daarut Tauhiid absolutely applied. This is realized in the form of adherence to the values ​​of sharia in financing. Such as the application of the contract principle in accordance with the contract of sale, the profit sharing agreement and the lease agreement. The application of prudential principles is a regulatory requirement. In every channeling of financing, BMT Daarut Tauhiid always uses the standard of assessment commonly used in the banking sector, namely 5 C, character, capacity, condition. capial and collateral. Aspects of 5 C are interrelated between one another can not stand alone. Therefore, by analyzing 5C accurately and thoroughly then the overall possibility of non-performing financing risks can be minimized. However, in its implementation BMT Daarut Tauhiid has a very high NPF Non Perfoming Finance level of up to 9%. This is because BMT Daarut Tauhiid which has a background boarding pesantren Daarut Tauhiid. So Its strongly influenced by the performance conditions of institutions or business entities in Daarut Tauhiid. While one of the financing partners of BMT Daarut Tauhiid are institutions or Business Entities in Pondok Pesantren Daarut Tauhiid

Transaksi Bisnis dalam Electronic Commerce (E-Commerce): Studi Tentang Permasalahan Hukum dan Solusinya

The progress of modem technology recently makes the transformation of Information and mode of communication among human beings become easy and direct, especially in the world of trade. In deed, the business facilities which can be obtained easily through e- commerce gives some advantages, but, at the same time, it also gives birth a number of crucial legal problems. First, the substantive problem swhich include problems of data massage authenticity, electronic signature, validity, privacy or confidentiality, security, and availability. Second,the procedural problems which are related to jurisdiction or forum. To solve such problems, weneed to prepare certain instruments which support the establish ment ofsafe, effective and beneficial e-commerce transaction for all parties involved. In addition, we have toper form reformation and uniformity of law by referring to UNCITRAL Model Law as a fundamental guidance