Growth mechanism of nanocrystals in solution: ZnO, a case study

We investigate the mechanism of growth of nanocrystals from solution using the case of ZnO. Spanning a wide range of values of the parameters, such as the temperature and the reactant concentration, that control the growth, our results establish a qualitative departure from the widely accepted diffusion controlled coarsening (Ostwald ripening) process quantified in terms of the Lifshitz-Slyozov-Wagner theory. Further, we show that these experimental observations can be qualitatively and quantitatively understood within a growth mechanism that is intermediate between the two well-defined limits of diffusion control and kinetic control.Comment: 10 pages, 4 figure

Absolute frequency measurement of the 7s2^2 1^1S0_0 −- 7s7p 1^{1}P1_1 transition in 225^{225}Ra

Transition frequencies were determined for transitions in Ra in an atomic beam and for reference lines in Te$_2$ molecules in a vapor cell. The absolute frequencies were calibrated against a GPS stabilized Rb-clock by means of an optical frequency comb. The 7s^2\,^1S$_0$(F = 1/2)-7s7p\,^1P$_1$(F = 3/2) transition in $^{225}$Ra was determined to be $621\,042\,124(2)\,$MHz. The measurements provide input for designing efficient and robust laser cooling of Ra atoms in preparation of a search for a permanent electric dipole moment in Ra isotopes.Comment: Accepted for publication in the rapid communication of Physical review

Stochastic Multifacility Location Problem under Triangular Area Constraint with Euclidean Norm

The multifacility location issue is an augmentation of the single-location problem in which we might be keen on finding the location of various new facilities concerning different existing locations. In the present study, multifacility location under triangular zone limitation with probabilistic methodology for the weights considered in the objective function and the Euclidean distances between the locations has been presented. Scientific detailing and the explanatory arrangement have been acquired by utilizing Kuhn-Tucker conditions. The arrangement strategy has been represented with the assistance of a numerical illustration. Two sub-instances of the issue in each of which the new locations are to be situated in semi-open rectangular zone have likewise been talked about

Beyond Bird Feed: Proso Millet for Human Health and Environment

Domesticated in 8000–10,000 BP in northern China, proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) is the best adaptive rotational crop for semiarid central High Plains of the USA, where average annual precipitation is 356–407 mm. Proso millet has multiple benefits when consumed as human food. Proso millet is rich in minerals, dietary fiber, polyphenols, vitamins and proteins. It is gluten-free and therefore, ideal for the gluten intolerant people. Proso millet contains high lecithin which supports the neural health system. It is rich in vitamins (niacin, B-complex vitamins, folic acid), minerals (P, Ca, Zn, Fe) and essential amino acids (methionine and cysteine). It has a low glycemic index and reduces the risk of type-2 diabetes. Unfortunately, in the USA, it is mostly considered as bird feed, whereas it is mainly used as human food in many other countries. Besides human health benefits, proso millet has an impeccable environmental benefit. Proso millet possesses many unique characteristics (e.g., drought tolerance, short-growing season) which makes it a promising rotational crop for winter wheat-based dryland farming systems. Proso millet provides the most economical production system when used in a two years wheat/summer fallow cropping system in semiarid High Plains of the USA. It helps in controlling winter annual grass weeds, managing disease and insect pressure and preserving deep soil moisture for wheat. Proso millet can also be used as a rotational crop with corn or sorghum owing to its tolerance for atrazine, the primary herbicide used in corn and sorghum production systems. Proso millet certainly is a climate-smart, gluten-free, ancient, and small grain cereal, which is healthy to humans and the environment. The main challenge is to expand the proso millet market beyond bird feed into the human food industry. To overcome the challenge, unique proso millet varieties for human food and ready-to-use multiple food products must be developed. This requires successful collaboration among experts from diverse disciplines such as breeders, geneticists, food chemists and food industry partners

Self-Organized Dynamical Equilibrium in the Corrosion of Random Solids

Self-organized criticality is characterized by power law correlations in the non-equilibrium steady state of externally driven systems. A dynamical system proposed here self-organizes itself to a critical state with no characteristic size at ``dynamical equilibrium''. The system is a random solid in contact with an aqueous solution and the dynamics is the chemical reaction of corrosion or dissolution of the solid in the solution. The initial difference in chemical potential at the solid-liquid interface provides the driving force. During time evolution, the system undergoes two transitions, roughening and anti-percolation. Finally, the system evolves to a dynamical equilibrium state characterized by constant chemical potential and average cluster size. The cluster size distribution exhibits power law at the final equilibrium state.Comment: 11 pages, 5 figure

Necessary and sufficient conditions for oscillation of second-order differential equations with nonpositive neutral coefficients

summary:In this work, we present necessary and sufficient conditions for oscillation of all solutions of a second-order functional differential equation of type $$(r(t)(z'(t))^\gamma )' +\sum _{i=1}^m q_i(t)x^{\alpha _i}(\sigma _i(t))=0, \quad t\geq t_0,$$ where $z(t)=x(t)+p(t)x(\tau (t))$. Under the assumption $\int ^{\infty }(r(\eta ))^{-1/\gamma } {\rm d}\eta =\infty$, we consider two cases when $\gamma >\alpha _i$ and $\gamma <\alpha _i$. Our main tool is Lebesgue's dominated convergence theorem. Finally, we provide examples illustrating our results and state an open problem

Computer applications in steel industry

An overview of the current status of computer applicat-ions in the steel industry has been presented from the point of view of process automation and control. Specific areas covered range from sintering to rolling - including energy and transport management. It has been concluded that development of more intelligent man-machine interface for computer aided analysis, simulation and implementation of control system coupled with advances in software engi-neering, parallel processing, high performance graphics and artificial intelligence based systems have led to cons-iderable advancement in all areas as evidenced by signi-ficant improvement in both the plant productivity and pro-duct quality, the world over. Efforts being made in India in general and at R&D Centre of SAIL in particular have been highlighted. In this context, generation of our own technology and a rational and intelligent selection and adoption of various technical advances has been emphasised

Leadership and Organizational Culture Analysis on Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) at PT. Hatten Bali

This study aimed to analyze the influence of leadership and organizational culture on Organizational Citizenship Behavior employees. The study is a quantitative research. The data used in this study was collected through questionnaires and implemented to 106 of permanent employees in PT. Hatten Bali. The results of this study indicates that: 1) leadership have positive and significant effect on organizational citizenship behavior which indicated by coefficient regression value 0,297 and significant value 0,003, 2) organizational culture have positive and significant effect on organizational citizenship behavior which indicated by coefficient regression value 0,144 and significant value 0,039, and 3) leadership and organizational culture have simultaneously effect on organizational citizenship behavior which indicated by f-count value 6,846 > f-table and significant value 0,002. Regression analyze result adjusted R2 value 0,117. This indicates that organizational citizenship behavior can explained by leadership and organizational culture variable of 11,7 % while the remaining 88,3% explained by the others variable outside of this study. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh kepemimpinan dan budaya organisasi terhadap perilaku organizational citizenship behavior. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif. Data dalam penelitian ini dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner dan didistribusikan kepada 106 pegawai tetap PT. Hatten Bali. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa: 1) kepemimpinan memiliki pengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap perilaku kewargaan organisasional ditunjukkan oleh nilai koefisien regresi 0,297 dan nilai signifikan 0,003, 2) budaya organisasi berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap perilaku kewarganegaraan organisasional ditunjukkan oleh nilai koefisien regresi 0,144 dan signifikansi 0,039, dan 3) kepemimpinan dan budaya organisasi berpengaruh secara simultan terhadap perilaku kewargaan organisasional yang ditunjukkan oleh nilai f hitung 6,846>f-tabel dan nilai signifikan 0,002. Hasil analisis regresi disesuaikan dengan nilai R2 0,117. Hal ini mengindikasikan bahwa perilaku kewargaan organisasional dapat dijelaskan oleh variabel kepemimpinan dan budaya organisasi sebesar 11,7% sedangkan sisanya 88,3% dijelaskan oleh variabel lain di luar penelitian ini