Boosting Named Entity Recognition with Neural Character Embeddings

Most state-of-the-art named entity recognition (NER) systems rely on handcrafted features and on the output of other NLP tasks such as part-of-speech (POS) tagging and text chunking. In this work we propose a language-independent NER system that uses automatically learned features only. Our approach is based on the CharWNN deep neural network, which uses word-level and character-level representations (embeddings) to perform sequential classification. We perform an extensive number of experiments using two annotated corpora in two different languages: HAREM I corpus, which contains texts in Portuguese; and the SPA CoNLL-2002 corpus, which contains texts in Spanish. Our experimental results shade light on the contribution of neural character embeddings for NER. Moreover, we demonstrate that the same neural network which has been successfully applied to POS tagging can also achieve state-of-the-art results for language-independet NER, using the same hyperparameters, and without any handcrafted features. For the HAREM I corpus, CharWNN outperforms the state-of-the-art system by 7.9 points in the F1-score for the total scenario (ten NE classes), and by 7.2 points in the F1 for the selective scenario (five NE classes).Comment: 9 page

Estratégias de internacionalização e políticas públicas de estímulo às exportações de bens e serviços criativos : uma avaliação de Brasil, Chile e Colômbia, de 2011 a 2020

This article analyses how Brazil, Chile and Colombia acted to foster exports of creative goods and services during the period from 2011 to 2020. It deals with the strategies of internationalisation and public policies focusing on the first phase of the public policy cycle: agenda setting and formulation of alternatives. A review of the main policies of each country is made followed by an analysis about how Brazil articulated public actors to design its strategies in comparison with Chile’s and Colombia’s policies. The results suggest that these countries in general follow different strategies, the most important of them was the creation in Chile and Colombia of legal and institutional frameworks that deal with public policies towards the creative sectors in a transversal way, while in Brazil this was not effective enough. On the other hand, it was possible to observe a few similarities, such as the participation of private sector entities in promoting creative exports.Este artigo analisa como Brasil, Chile e Colômbia atuaram para fomentar as exportações de bens e serviços criativos durante o período de 2011 a 2020. São estudadas as estratégias de internacionalização e as políticas públicas com foco na primeira fase do ciclo das políticas públicas, qual seja a definição de agenda e a formulação de alternativas. É feita uma revisão das principais políticas de cada país, seguida de uma análise sobre como o Brasil articulou os atores públicos para desenhar suas estratégias em comparação com as políticas do Chile e da Colômbia. Os resultados sugerem que esses países em geral seguem diferentes estratégias, sendo a mais importante delas a criação no Chile e na Colômbia de marcos legais e institucionais que tratam de políticas públicas para os setores criativos de forma transversal, ao passo que no Brasil isso não foi suficientemente efetivo. Por outro lado, foi possível observar algumas semelhanças, como a participação de entidades do setor privado na promoção das exportações de bens e serviços criativos

Disjuntivismo epistemológico e ceticismo radical

Epistemological disjunctivism is a philosophical theory that has received special attention in the recent years. Particularly because it has been seen by many as a way of renewing discussions that range from the nature of justification of our daily beliefs to the possibility of unveiling the structure of the problem of radical skepticism and of responding to it. Duncan Pritchard is one of the authors who have offered a particular view of disjunctivism and ways of conceiving of disjunctivist treatments to such questions. His work has as its main source of inspiration the seminal work of John McDowell. In this paper, I present a way of understanding the problem ofradicalskepticism and the mannerin which epistemological disjunctivism aimsto offer solutionsto it. In orderto do that, I present McDowell’s general proposal and discuss in which way his account differs from Pritchard’s own disjunctivism. At the end, I try to show how Pritchard’s approach tries to respond to radical skepticism not only by appealing to a disjunctivist reading of our epistemic position, but also by offering a revision of our structure of reasons

Genealogia epistêmica e normas de credibilidade

In this paper, I present two ways of conceiving a genealogical explanation of the concept of knowledge. The first one is through the epistemic state of nature hypothesis developed by Edward Craig, according to which knowledge is understood as a concept evolved from the concept of a good informant. After considering Craig’s project, I draw a parallel between this approach and Miranda Fricker’s value-laden account of the same concept. Then, I present and discuss Fricker’s social take on Craig’s genealogy, in which she suggests that the notions of a good informant and of knowledge are necessarily dependent on the establishment of a credibility norm, and that this norm should be viewed as inherently political. Lastly, I defend an illustration, through Kristie Dotson’s work, of how both genealogical approaches could explain and offer solutions to failings in the normativity of our epistemic systems

Opressões epistêmicas

In this paper, I discuss some of the recent developments in the political turn of Social Epistemology, focusing on the notions of epistemic injustice and epistemic oppression. In the first part of the work, I introduce Kristie Dotson’s characterization of the epistemic injustices presented by Miranda Fricker, through the understanding of systematic ways of violating epistemic agency in terms of oppressions. In the second part, I discuss Dotson’s critique of Fricker on the grounds that there is an important kind of epistemic injustice that is not dealt with in Fricker’s proposal, and which could help us to perceive a particular, pervasive kind of violation of the epistemic agency

Traçando novos caminhos para a educação, a tecnologia e o professor

Este presente artigo trata da questão da tecnologia na educação, sua entrada, seu posicionamento e seus possíveis equívocos na sociedade da informação e do conhecimento, considerando o lugar do professor nesta tríade. Neste sentido, este artigo tem como objetivo discutir e propor novos caminhos para educação e a tecnologia contemplando os conceitos e as teorias em educação, bem como as novas demandas e “exigências” para o professor, sua formação e sua atuação neste novo cenário.This paper deals with the question of the technology in education, its entering , its position and its possible mistakes in the society of information and knowledge, considering the role of the teacher in that triad. In view of that, this article aims at discussing of and proposing new ways for education and technology, taking into consideration the concepts and theories in education, as well as the new demands and requirements for the teacher, his background and his new acting on this new scenery

Steady-state entanglement between distant quantum dots in photonic crystal dimers

We show that two spatially separated semiconductor quantum dots under resonant and continuous-wave excitation can be strongly entangled in the steady-state, thanks to their radiative coupling by mutual interaction through the normal modes of a photonic crystal dimer. We employ a quantum master equation formalism to quantify the steady-state entanglement by calculating the system {\it negativity}. Calculations are specified to consider realistic semiconductor nanostructure parameters for the photonic crystal dimer-quantum dots coupled system, determined by a guided mode expansion solution of Maxwell equations. Negativity values of the order of 0.1 ($20\%$ of the maximum value) are shown for interdot distances that are larger than the resonant wavelength of the system. It is shown that the amount of entanglement is almost independent of the interdot distance, as long as the normal mode splitting of the photonic dimer is larger than their linewidths, which becomes the only requirement to achieve a local and individual qubit addressing. Considering inhomogeneously broadened quantum dots, we find that the steady-state entanglement is preserved as long as the detuning between the two quantum dot resonances is small when compared to their decay rates. The steady-state entanglement is shown to be robust against the effects of pure dephasing of the quantum dot transitions. We finally study the entanglement dynamics for a configuration in which one of the two quantum dots is initially excited and find that the transient negativity can be enhanced by more than a factor of two with respect to the steady-state value. These results are promising for practical applications of entangled states at short time scales.Comment: 10 pages, 7 figure

Engineering elliptical spin-excitations by complex anisotropy fields in Fe adatoms and dimers on Cu(111)

We investigate the dynamics of Fe adatoms and dimers deposited on the Cu(111) metallic surface in the presence of spin-orbit coupling, within time-dependent density functional theory. The \textit{ab initio} results provide material-dependent parameters that can be used in semiclassical approaches, which are used for insightful interpretations of the excitation modes. By manipulating the surroundings of the magnetic elements, we show that elliptical precessional motion may be induced through the modification of the magnetic anisotropy energy. We also demonstrate how different kinds of spin precession are realized, considering the symmetry of the magnetic anisotropy energy, the ferro- or antiferromagnetic nature of the exchange coupling between the impurities, and the strength of the magnetic damping. In particular, the normal modes of a dimer depend on the initial magnetic configuration, changing drastically by going from a ferromagnetic metastable state to the antiferromagnetic ground state. By taking into account the effect of the damping into their resonant frequencies, we reveal that an important contribution arises for strongly biaxial systems and specially for the antiferromagnetic dimers with large exchange couplings. Counter intuitively, our results indicate that the magnetic damping influences the quantum fluctuations by decreasing the zero-point energy of the system

Botany teaching in Portugal and Brazil : analysis of school textbooks and their application in elementary school classes (2001- 2010)

We have privileged the study of Botany contents in our research. Such contents derive from reorganizational approaches within the teaching of Natural Sciences at the elementary level in Portugal and Brazil. Along with the development of scientific knowledge on biological classifications and attempts to solve existing weaknesses in both countries, various governments introduced, throughout the last century, new programmatic Botany contents within the teaching of Natural Sciences at the elementary school. Thus, the teaching of Botany becomes more complex with the emergence of new realities, as well as curricular and didactic changes that emphasize such dimensional metamorphoses, which can be seen within classroom contexts and during the teaching-learning process. We aim to study such complex dimensions within the teaching of Botany, which is placed into a knowledge area undergoing a re-organizational approach where historical and educational circumstances mark Portuguese and Brazilian realities. This knowledge area faces important changes and new challenges resulting from significant environmental and political modifications, new practises and programmatic speeches that have been heard throughout various national and international debates. Such scientific approach on Natural Sciences favours the questioning and conceptual role played by Botany, and should clearly take into consideration the existing approaches in education and science teaching. The start point of the current study is the relevance of the teaching of Botany within the curricular and didactic structure and the importance texts have in it. Such texts come from outside the classroom and may be seen as regulating tools for the teaching practise by configuring reference universes – school textbooks and programmatic texts are examples. These texts are analysed in their specificity, articulation with the scientific speech, and relationship with the pedagogical transmission. An articulated, diachronic analysis shall be used for such aspects, i.e. with the use of an evolutionary and historical approach. The methodological approaches taken in our investigation will be both qualitative and quantitative. So that objectives are met, the overall strategy consists of the analysis of samples of various school textbooks, which will be chosen according to their application and use frequencies throughout the Portuguese territory, and within the Sao Paulo state, Brazil. Document, content and cluster analyses will be used to do so. We also aim to reach through several levels, as follows: i) Academic level, at which multiple mechanisms are allowed, i.e. deeper analyses of the educational processes to be studied, investigation team build-up and investigation unit selection; ii) Social level, at which results will be shared with the educational community directly involved with the study object; and, iii) Educational level, at which new dynamic procedures will be introduced in the teaching-learning process regarding Botany, with the production of elements that enhance its comprehension and, perhaps, its transformation. The final phase of the current project aims to build a virtual environment, with a specific website, through which researchers, teachers, scholars and other educational actors from Portugal and Brazil may share the obtained results and keep a dynamic and open tool to discuss issues related to the teaching of Botany

Comparing eSports and why do people watch them, Counter-Strike Global Offensive through the spectator point of view

The following study was created with the objective of understanding what are the main reasons that make people watch the game Counter-Strike Global Offensive (CS: GO). As Lee and Schoenstedt have stated on their research (Lee & Schoenstedt, 2011), there are similarities and differences on the consumption behaviors of the eSports if compared to traditional sports. Eight research questions were created during the literature discussion and two surveys were distributed to gather spectator feedback. The first survey was designed to reach viewers who attend live CS:GO events and also eSports fans at the university and the second was digitally designed to reach more people over the internet. In addition, a literature review was made and published separately to serve as a reference base for this study. In this academic work, we discuss some of the common thoughts on what are the big factors for the competitive electronic sports are receiving so much media attention and after analyzing the quantitative data of the surveys, answer the research questions proposed. In total we obtained 283 valid answers, and all 26 questions of the digital survey were analyzed. The responses were divided into two groups, A and B, where the first gathered the responses that indicate CS:GO as the person's favorite eSport and the other are all other responses from all other eSports fans. Finally, the responses of both groups were compared together with the respective data and represented in graphs and tables for better visualization