Elephant grass clones for silage production

Ensiling warm-season grasses often requires wilting due to their high moisture content, and the presence of low-soluble sugars in these grasses usually demands the use of additives during the ensiling process. This study evaluated the bromatological composition of the fodder and silage from five Pennisetum sp. clones (IPA HV 241, IPA/UFRPE Taiwan A-146 2.114, IPA/UFRPE Taiwan A-146 2.37, Elephant B, and Mott). The contents of 20 Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) silos, which were opened after 90 days of storage, were used for the bromatological analysis and the evaluation of the pH, nitrogen, ammonia, buffer capacity, soluble carbohydrates, and fermentation coefficients. The effluent losses, gases and dry matter recovery were also calculated. Although differences were observed among the clones (p < 0.05) for the concentrations of dry matter, insoluble nitrogen in acid detergents, insoluble nitrogen in neutral detergents, soluble carbohydrates, fermentation coefficients, and in vitro digestibility in the forage before ensiling, no differences were observed for most of these variables after ensiling. All of the clones were efficient in the fermentation process. The IPA/UFRPE TAIWAN A-146 2.37 clone, however, presented a higher dry matter concentration and the best fermentation coefficient, resulting in a better silage quality, compared to the other clones

Pernambuco Semiarid Native Rhizobial Populations Nitrogen Fixation Potential with Native \u3cem\u3eMacroptilium\u3c/em\u3e

Nitrogen (N) is one of nature´s most abundant elements, accounting for about 78% of the atmospheric gases, but mostly as the inert N2 form. As such it is not directly available to plants, and is relatively scarce in most agroecosystems. Biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) through diazotrophic bacteria represents ca. 63% of the yearly N input in terrestrial ecosystems (Taiz and Zeiger 2004). Legumes which form effective symbiosis with the diazotrophic group of bacteria commonly known as rhizobia, are a very important source of available N. Tropical forage legumes are usually able to nodulate with a diverse population of rhizobia, and may have a relevant contribution to nitrogen availability in pastures (Santos et al. 2003). This diversity may be exploited to find more symbiotically efficient bacterial strains, thereby increasing legume effects on pastures. One way to evaluate this diversity is to isolate strains from different regions, vegetation covers or cultivation systems, and environmental conditions. This practice would potentially lead to a large number of isolates, which would increase the chance of finding some more efficient than those currently available (Chagas Junior et al, 2010). Native legumes, including several species of Macroptilium are an important forage resource in the Brazilian Northeast semiarid, contributing to the quality of ruminant diet, but they are still not well known in regards to their BNF ability. This work evaluated nodulation efficiency of Macroptilium lathyroides when inoculated with Litolic Neossol from eight municipalities of Pernambuco State semiarid

Avaliação de clones de Pennisetum sp. para a produção de silagem

O experimento foi conduzido na Estação Experimentalde Itambé-PE, pertencente ao Instituto Agronômico de Pernambuco, objetivando avaliar forragens e silagens de diferentes clones de Pennisetum sp., cortado aos 56 dias de idade. Os tratamentos foram constituídos de cinco clones de Pennisetum (IPA HV 241, IPA/UFRPE Taiwan A-146 2.114, IPA/UFRPE Taiwan A-146 2.37, Elefante B e Mott), em delineamento em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. Utilizou-se PVC, com abertura após 90 dias de armazenamento, para avaliação de matéria seca (MS), proteína bruta (PB), cinzas (CZ), fibra em detergente neutro (FDN), fibra em detergente ácido (FDA), nitrogênio insolúvel em detergente neutro (NIDN), nitrogênio insolúvel em detergente ácido (NIDA), pH, nitrogênio amoniacal, poder tampão, carboidratos solúveis coeficiente de fermentação e as características organolépticas das silagens na abertura dos silos. Foram realizados cálculos de perdas por efluentes, gases e recuperação de matéria seca. Para as forragens, antes de ensilar, observou-se diferenças significativas (P<0,05) para o teor de matéria seca, nitrogênio insolúvel em detergente ácido (NIDA), nitrogênio insolúvel em detergente neutro (NIND), carboidratos solúveis, Coeficiente de fermentação e digestibilidade in vitro. Em relação às silagens, observou-se a não ocorrência de diferenças significativas na maioria das características da composição química (FDN, FDA, hemicelulose, cinza, pH, nitrogênio amoniacal, efluentes e gases). De maneira geral, o capim elefante de porte baixo, IPA/UFRPE TAIWAN A-146 2.37, apresentou melhor qualidade da silagem com melhor teor de MS e melhor coeficiente de fermentação. Todos os demais clones de Pennisetum sp. apresentaram eficiência no processo fermentativo, apesar dos teores reduzidos de MS.The experiment was carried out at the experimental Station of Itambé-PE from the Agronomic Institute of Pernambuco, the objective was to evaluate forages and silages of different clones of Pennisetum sp.,cut at 56 days of regrowt. Treatments were five clones of Pennisetum sp. (IPA HV 241, IPA/UFRPE A-146 2.37, IPA/UFRPE A-2.114, Elephant B and Mott), using a complete randomized block design with four replications. Experimental PVC silos were opened after 90 days of storage and chemical analysis were performed responses variable determined included dry matter (DM) concentration, crude protein (CP), ashes (CZ), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), hemicelluloss (HEM), neutral detergent insoluble nitrogen (NDIN), and acid detergent insoluble nitrogen (ADIN), besides pH, ammoniacal nitrogen, buffering capacity, soluble carbohydrates, and the organoleptic features of the silages were perfomed. Calculations of losses by effluents, gases and dry matter recovery were perfomed. Forages before ensiling showed significant differences (P<0,005) for dry matter concentration, NDIN, soluble carbohydrates, and in vitro DM digestibility. Silages of the same forages, however, did not present significant differences for most of the variables related to chemical composition (NDF, ADF, hemicelluloss, ashes, pH, ammoniacal nitrogen, effluents and gases). In general, the grass elephant of size dawn IPA/UFRPE TAIWAN A-146 2.37, showed a better quality of silage with better dry matter contend and coefficient of fermentation. All other clones of Pennisetum sp. showed efficiency in the fermentation process, despite the reduced levels of DM.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPE

Ocorrência de Macroptilium SPP e diversidade rizobiana em neossolos litólicos do semiárido de PE

O Nordeste do Brasil tem uma grande proporção de áreas semiáridas, tendo a Caatinga como vegetação nativa predominante. Nesta região, as pessoas sobrevivem principalmente de atividades econômicas ligadas à agricultura e à pecuária. O gênero Macroptilium spp. engloba 20 espécies da América tropical e subtropical, com sete espécies que ocorrem na região Semiárida brasileira. Objetivou-se identificar a ocorrência de plantas do gênero Macroptilium spp. em onze municípios do semiárido de Pernambuco; além de verificar a diversidade Rizobiana de Macroptillium lathyroides no Semiárido no Pernambucano. Para a explicação da ocorrência foi utilizado análise descritiva dos dados das coletas, correlações, teste de quidrado e árvore de decisão. Foi observado que, para ocorrência dos acessos de Macroptilium spp. As variáveis que mais influenciaram para melhor caracterização da ocorrência foram precipitação e temperatura média com muito acesso coletados em solos Arenosos siltosos. Observou-se que os municípios de Sertânia e Parnamirim foram os que apresentaram maior ocorrência de plantas de Macroptilium tendo as plantas das cidades de Bom Jardim, Caetes e Tupanatinga apresentado maiores taxas de sobrevivência. Para avaliação da diversidade rizobiana em solos Neossolos Litólicos de municípios do Agreste e Sertão do Estado Pernambuco foi realizado um experimento de diversidade rizobiana em blocos casualizados com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos consistiram de sete solos Neossolos Litolicos (inóculos) dos municípios de Santa Cruz Capibaribe, Tupanatinga, Jataúba, Caetés, Santa Cruz, Petrolina e Floresta, mais dois tratamentos adicionais, testemunhas com e sem nitrogênio, sendo um total de nove tratamentos. Foram realizadas análises da parte aérea, raiz, eficiência relativa, acúmulo de matéria, peso e número de nódulos. Além das características morfológicas de isolados bacterianos. Foi observado que os solos dos municípios de Santa Cruz Capibaribe, Tupanatinga e Jataúba foram os isolados bacterianos com maior peso do nódulo, número de nódulos e eficiência relativa, sendo que a maioria dos isolados bacterianos foi de crescimento rápido.The Northeast is formed by a large proportion of semiarid region, with the Caatinga as predominant native vegetation. In this region, people survive mainly by means of economic activities mostly related to agriculture and livestock. The genus Macroptilium spp. includes 20 species from tropical and subtropical America, with seven species occurring in the Brazilian semiarid region. This study aimed to identify the occurrence of plants of the genus Macroptilium spp. present in eleven counties in the semiarid region of Pernambuco State. And also an experiment was conducted to study of Macroptillium lathyiroides rhizobium diversity in the semiarid of Pernambuco State. Descriptive analyses of the samples were used for the explanation of the rhizobium occurrence. Correlations of chi-square test and decision tree were also used. Variables that most influenced the occurrence of Macroptilium spp. accesses were rainfall and average temperature, with much accessions collected in silty sandy soils. It was observed that the municipalities of Sertânia and Parnamirim were those who had higher plants Macroptilium with plants of Bom Jardim, Caetes and Tupanatinga shown higher survival rates. For assess the diversity of rhizobium in Entisols located in the semiarid of Pernambuco State, an experiment aiming to study rhizobium diversity was carried out using random blocks, with four replications. Treatments consisted of seven “Entisols Lithicc soils” (inoculum) collected from the municipalities of Santa Cruz do Capibaribe, Tupanatinga, Jataúba, Caetés, Santa Cruz, Petrolina, and Floresta. Two additional treatments, with and without nitrogen, were used as the control, totaling nine treatments. Analysis of shoot and root, relative efficiency, dry matter accumulation, weight and number of nodules were performed. Morphological characteristics of bacterial isolates were also assessed. It was observed that the soils of the counties of Santa Cruz do Capibaribe, Tupanatinga, and Jataúba were the bacterial isolates with higher nodule weight, nodule number, and relative efficiency. It was also observed that most bacterial isolates were fast growing.Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNP