Respiratory muscle strength and thoracoabdominal mobility in sedentary elderly, adults and players of adapted volleyball: a pilot study

Una serie de cambios acompañan el proceso de envejecimiento, incluso alteraciones en el sistema respiratorio. Sin embargo, la actividad física regular puede ser un modo eficaz de prevenir esas alteraciones. El objetivo de eso estudio fue evaluar y comparar la movilidad tóraco-abdominal y la fuerza muscular respiratoria en sedentarios y practicantes de voleibol ajustado. Fueron inclusos sujetos entre los 50 y 80 años de edad que practican voleibol ajustado por pelo menos un año y sedentarios no tabaquistas y sin enfermedades pulmonares, cardiovasculares o musculoesqueleticas. Se evaluó la movilidad tóraco-abdominal por medio de la cirtometria axilar (CAx), xifoidea (CX) y del abdomen (CAb), y la fuerza muscular respiratoria por medio de las mensuraciones de las presiones respiratorias (PI máxima y PE máxima). El grupo activo presentó valores de cirtometria mayores en relación al sedentario (56,4% mayor en la CAx, 83,4% en la CX y 63,5% en la CAb), así como valores mayores de la PE máxima (41,3% mayor en la PE máxima absoluta y 39,5% de la PE máxima en % predicho). La PI máxima (cmH2O y % predicho) no mostró diferencia entre los grupos. Se concluyó que la práctica de voleibol ajustado puede tener contribuido para la manutención de la movilidad tóraco-abdominal y la fuerza muscular espiratoria en esos ancianos y adultos.A number of modifications accompany the aging process, including changes in the respiratory system. However, regular physical activity may be an effective way to prevent these alterations. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the thoracoabdominal mobility and respiratory muscle strength, in sedentary individuals and in those who participate in adapted volleyball. Subjects aged 50 and 80 years old that were participating in adapted volleyball for at least one year, and sedentary ones who neither smoked nor presented pulmonary, cardiovascular or musculoskeletal diseases were evaluated for thoracoabdominal mobility by cirtometry at the axillary (CAx), xiphoid (CX) and abdominal (CAb) levels. They were also assessed for respiratory muscle strength by measuring their maximal respiratory pressures (MIP and MEP). The active group had greater values ​​of cirtometry compared to the sedentary group (56.4% higher in CAx, 83.4% in Cx and 63.5% in CAb) and higher values ​​of MEP (41.3% higher in absolute MEP and 39.5% of MEP in predicted %). The MIP (cmH2O and predicted %) did not differ between groups. Participation in adapted volleyball may have contributed to maintained thoracicoabdominal mobility and expiratory muscle strength in these elderly and adults.Uma série de modificações acompanham o processo de envelhecimento, incluindo mudanças no sistema respiratório. No entanto, atividade física regular pode ser uma maneira eficaz de prevenir estas alterações. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar e comparar a mobilidade toracoabdominal e a força muscular respiratória em sedentários e praticantes de voleibol adaptado. Foram incluídos indivíduos entre 50 e 80 anos de idade, que praticam voleibol adaptado há pelo menos um ano, e sedentários não tabagistas e sem doenças pulmonares, cardiovasculares ou musculoesqueléticas. Foram avaliadas a mobilidade toracoabdominal, por meio da cirtometria axilar (CAx), xifoideana (CX) e abdominal (CAb), e a força muscular respiratória por meio das medidas de pressões respiratórias (PI máxima e PE máxima). O grupo ativo apresentou valores de cirtometria maiores em relação ao sedentário (56,4% maior na CAx, 83,4% na CX e 63,5% na CAb), bem como maiores valores da PE máxima (41,3% maior na PE máxima absoluta e 39,5% da PE máxima em % predita). A PI máxima (cmH2O e % predita) não mostrou diferença entre os grupos. Concluiu-se que a prática de voleibol adaptado pode ter contribuído para a manutenção da mobilidade toracoabdominal e força muscular expiratória nestes idosos e adultos

Use of positive pressure in preoperative and intraoperative of bariatric surgery and its effect on the time of extubation

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To investigate the influence of intraoperative and preoperative positive pressure in the time of extubation in patients undergoing bariatric surgery. METHOD: Randomized clinical trial, in which 40 individuals with a body mass index between 40 and 55 kg/m2, age between 25 and 55 years, nonsmokers, underwent bariatric surgery type Roux-en-Y gastric bypass by laparotomy and with normal preoperative pulmonary function were randomized into the following groups: G-pre (n = 10): individuals who received treatment with noninvasive positive pressure before surgery for 1 h; G-intra (n = 10): individuals who received positive end-expiratory pressure of 10 cm H2O throughout the surgical procedure; and G-control (n = 20): not received any preoperative or intraoperative intervention. Following were recorded: time between induction of anesthesia and extubation, between the end of anesthesia and extubation, duration of mechanical ventilation, and time between extubation and discharge from the post-anesthetic recovery. RESULTS: There was no statistical difference between groups. However, when applied to the Cohen coefficient, the use of positive end-expiratory pressure of 10 cm H2O during surgery showed a large effect on the time between the end of anesthesia and extubation. About this same time, the treatment performed preoperatively showed moderate effect. CONCLUSION: The use of positive end-expiratory pressure of 10 cm H2O in the intraoperative and positive pressure preoperatively, influenced the time of extubation of patients undergoing bariatric surgery